The origin of human beings is a process from scratch, from simple to complex, in tens of thousands of years of evolution, it will be eliminated a part of the backward group, but there are always some bad genes that cannot be discarded.
After neanderthals had genetic exchanges with modern human ancestors, they brought a lot of inferior roots that cannot be ignored, which is simply the most vicious revenge, which has been harmful for thousands of years.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Neanderthal studies</h1>
In 1856, in a cave in the Neander valley in northern Germany, a group of miners found some ancient human fossils, including 1 skull and 16 bones, which were verified by scientists to be Neanderthal remains.
At first, such ancient human skeletons were discovered, but they were not taken seriously, until the publication of Darwin's "Origin of Species" attracted more and more people to the excavation work.
Neanderthals' place in evolution was not recognized by mainstream science for a long time, and it was not until more and more evidence was unearthed later that they were placed at a stage between Homo erectus and modern humans. Looking at the face alone, the difference between neanderthals and modern people is not significant, the biggest difference is that Neanderthals have rough eyebrow bones and protruding back of the head.
But on the whole, Neanderthals were significantly different from their modern ancestors, with large bones, strong muscles, and a more rapid metabolism.
This advantage allowed them to surpass Homo sapiens, still have the ability to explore under the difficult conditions of primitive times, and when Homo sapiens was still evolving on the African continent, Neanderthals had already left their native land and went around the world. According to research, about 400,000 years ago, Neanderthals migrated to the continent of present-day Western Europe, and even reached the westernmost tip of Siberia, which is cold all year round.
But neanderthals, who had been living and breeding in Europe for hundreds of thousands of years, had a sharp decline in population tens of thousands of years ago, their territory shrank rapidly, and finally they could only live in a corner of the current European continent.
About 28,000 years ago, Neanderthals were completely extinct, leaving only an earth-colored skeleton for those who came after them. The period of Neanderthal extinction coincided with the time when Homo sapiens left Africa and went to the European continent, and scientists boldly guessed that the demise of Neanderthals must have a relationship with Homo sapiens that cannot be ignored.
Neanderthals, who survived in Europe for 150,000 years, were driven to a corner of western Europe by Homo sapiens in just a few thousand years, but this is only the most likely guess. Comparing the combat effectiveness of Homo sapiens and Neanderthals, new contradictions will arise, and homo sapiens in all aspects, in the primitive era of Ru Mao's blood drinking, are difficult to fight neanderthals head-on.
According to the comparison inside the brain, it is difficult to have real evidence, and scientists have calculated that the average brain volume of Neanderthals is 1578 mL, and Homo sapiens is only 1350 mL. Neanderthal heads probably had as many cokes as Homo sapiens as large as a can. Therefore, it is difficult to argue that Homo sapiens and Neanderthal extinction are related from the perspective of brain volume.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Neanderthal life</h1>
Neanderthals now appear to be a rare race, and according to the remains excavated from their camps, they have begun to manufacture and use various stone tools and wooden weapons, but they have not been able to improve on this basis for tens of thousands of years, which infers that Neanderthals may be much less intelligent than modern people.
Most of the time they take burrowing, occasionally building camps in the open air, and have used fire to hunt animals and compete with animals for habitat caves. Neanderthals already had the ritual of burying the dead.
In 1908, the world discovered the earliest case of "non-human burial of the dead", a well-preserved Neanderthal corpse skeleton with obvious burial characteristics was excavated in France. The graves of the deceased were built in the shape of a funnel, and the bodies were placed in the pose of a fetus and tightly wrapped.
In addition, other excavations of Neanderthal remains have traces of pollen next to them, which anthropologists have deduced is most likely some kind of burial procedure, which is similar to modern flowers for the deceased.
In 2000, eight Neanderthal bodies unearthed in an underground cave in Spain attracted the attention of professionals, and many of the bones had traces of being cut and torn flesh, and longer bones such as arms and thighs had also been artificially cut, possibly to suck the more nutrient-rich bone marrow from the bones.
Paleontologists deduced from Neanderthal skeletons that they had suffered a severe famine and even preserved themselves by eating their companions.
In popular folklore, ice age humans were barbaric and vulgar, but scientists have found evidence that Neanderthals "put on makeup" 50,000 years ago. An unearthed shell with residual pigments is thought to be a container for Neanderthal makeup, and the discovery was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States.
But whatever level of Neanderthal intelligence, it is still inferior to Homo sapiens. After tens of thousands of years of dormancy in sub-Saharan Africa, Homo sapiens finally came out of Africa and occupied the neanderthal living space with irresistible momentum.
Peaceful coexistence between the two races was certainly impossible when the resources for survival were scarce, and as far as the current archaeological evidence is concerned, no Neanderthal skeletons and settlements have been found thirty thousand years ago, so the Neanderthals suddenly ceased to exist in a certain period of time and suffered a catastrophe.
However, as to whether it has degenerated into the plate of other races, or gradually disappeared in remote areas, it is difficult to confirm at present.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > bad genes left behind</h1>
According to current biological knowledge, there is reproductive isolation between two species, but there are exceptions, such as polar bears can cross with grizzly bears, producing new species of gray and white bears, which have complete reproductive ability and can produce offspring.
And similar hybridizations occurred tens of thousands of years ago, between Homo sapiens and Neanderthals. The development of modern DNA sequencing technology shows that Homo sapiens and Neanderthals had large-scale mating and bred many offspring.
In the plot of the animated movie "Crazy Primitive Man", Eep, a Neanderthal girl, and Guy, a homo sapiens of human ancestors, hunt together and live together, and also talk about a romantic love. Now according to the research, this has really become a reality, and it seems that the director is not blind, so it is no surprise that Eep will give birth to a "mixed-race" offspring.
In 2002, in a cave in Romania, a modern human skeleton belonging to the mandible part, named Oase1, was excavated, and scientists used carbon fourteen tests to deduce that it belonged to early modern European humans between 37,000 and 42,000 years ago.
Oase1
After a purposeful experiment of large-area nuclear DNA enrichment, scientists found that the remains belonging to modern European humans actually contained about 6%-9.4% Neanderthal genes. This means that the ancestor of modern Europeans for generations may have been an orthodox Neanderthal.
In fact, before the Oase1 gene was determined, there were already relevant studies to support the fact that about 1%-4% of the existing human genes were from Neanderthals.
With the exception of a few indigenous peoples living in sub-Saharan Africa, the rest of the modern race is the offspring of purebred Homo sapiens and Neanderthals mating. However, whether the two came together naturally in peacetime or whether large-scale rape in order to reproduce in war is still in the stage of debatability.
A paper published in Science focused on genetic sequencing of plaque from three 50,000-year-old Neanderthal men, which suggested that they may have had kissed Homo sapiens. Among the thousands of species on the earth, except for humans, almost all animals do not have the habit of kissing when mating, and the human civilization that kisses during mating accounts for only 46%.
The deeds of Homo sapiens and Neanderthals", in fact, later generations did not care so much, but the genes left by Neanderthals made people very headache. Current research can show that genes derived from Neanderthals carry certain sequences that are closely related to disease.
From head to toe, from the inside out depression, obesity, pigmentation, nicotine addiction, urethral dysfunction, lupus erythematosus and other diseases are all supported by Neanderthal genes. However, these genes may have played a vital role in survival after entering the body of Homo sapiens in ancient times.
For example, a gene can strengthen the coagulation function of the human body, when the medical treatment is not developed or even no medical treatment, the recovery of the wound is weightless, and the case of trauma and death due to heavy bleeding during female childbirth can be greatly reduced, but this function is placed in modern times, it is more likely to cause heart disease and stroke attacks.
Another gene that can enhance the body's immune response in the past can quickly mobilize the body's immunity, against poor conditions of unknown bacteria, parasites and other micro-aggressions, can be placed in modern society, once the immune system is too active, it often means frequent allergies or systemic lupus erythematosus production.
However, our ancestors can not do without these genes, if not, perhaps Homo sapiens can only be eliminated by fierce competition, the progress of modern civilization, the evolution of these genes is too short, has not yet had time to fade, so it can only cause physical damage to some people.
This is the uncertainty of genetic communication, and even the advantages and disadvantages in a short period of time are difficult to judge, and the treasures that used to survive are cumbersome now. This may be a long way of revenge for the Neanderthals for the extinction of Homo sapiens, tens of thousands of years ago, the consequences of which are only now revealed, and the scourge is endless, and can only wait for evolution to be eliminated and screen out these bad genes.