When: Deciduous to dormant period (November-December)
Management measures: 1) Apply base fertilizer, mainly decomposed farm manure, mu application amount of 3 to 5 cubic meters, with the application of compound fertilizer, strains and medium and trace element fertilizer. The mu yield of 3000 kg of fruit should be applied compound fertilizer 80 kg + bacterial fertilizer 80 kg + large particles of boron and zinc 0.4 kg each. Immediately after fertilization, irrigate and water thoroughly. 2) Completely remove the orchard residues, stumps, fallen leaves, weeds, and burn them in a concentrated manner. 3) Timely filling frozen water before soil freezing. 4) Winter pruning can be carried out after the leaves are dropped, weak trees can be pruned after freezing, and wang trees can be postponed to pruning before spring.
Disease and pest control measures: 1) mainly control branch diseases and insect pests, after the pear tree leaves, spray 48% chlorpyrifos 1000 times liquid + 5% octylamine water agent 400 times liquid. 2) Paint the trunk white. The whitening agent formula is 8 parts of quicklime, 1 part of sulfur powder, 1 part of table salt, 0.1 parts of animal (vegetable) oil, and 18 parts of warm water.
When: Dormant period (January-February)
Management measures: 1) Intermittent cutting of temporary trees, mu retention of 80 to 110 trees. 2) Winter pruning, take the upper side more loose, more retraction of the inner chamber and other techniques to balance the tree posture. Wang trees and branches inhibit vegetative growth by thinning branches and long placements; weak trees and weak branches promote growth by retracting and shortening. Thin or retract thin and lengthy branches, strong branches or branches should be opened at an angle.
Pest control measures: 1) Prune the branches of diseases and insects, seal the saw opening with 10 times the liquid of rot biqing, and scrape off the old warp skin. 2) Lift the trap belt and burn it in a concentrated manner. 3) Clean up the floored branches after pruning.
When: Budding period (mid-to-late March)
Management measures: 1) 0.5 to 1 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer + decomposition farm manure for adult trees, or 0.5 kg of urea + 1 kg of calcium superphosphate + decomposition farm manure. Young trees are reduced. Fill with water after fertilization. 2) Flower buds can be clearly identified and then re-sheared before flowering. 3) Sparse inflorescence, sparse buds, first sparse inflorescence, and then sparsely leave the buds on the inflorescence, each inflorescence retains early, middle and late 3 flowers.
Pest control measures: 1) Clear the garden, spray 3 degree stone sulfur compound or 48% chlorpyrifos 1000 times liquid + 40% fluosilazole 6000 times liquid + oligosaccharide water agent 1000 times liquid. 2) Between the spring equinox and the Qingming Dynasty, sprinkle 2 kg of octyl sulfur phosphorus microcapsules on the mu tree tray and hoe shallowly. 3) Scrape off rot disease.
Time: Flowering to young fruit (April)
Management measures: 1) Water before frost, smoke at night of frost, combined with canopy spray water. 2) During the full flowering period, circumcision is carried out for strong trees and branches. 3) Stocking bees or releasing wall bees, spraying pollen suspensions, artificial spotting and other auxiliary pollination. 4) Complete fruit thinning and fruit fixing within 4 weeks after flowering, select single fruits and large fruits with positive fruit shape, 12,000 fruits per mu of moderate trees, 8,000 to 10,000 weak trees, and 15,000 wang trees. The fruit should be retained by 10% more than the planned amount. 5) Take advantage of the sowing of white clover, etc., strip sowing, sowing can be, mu seed amount of 0.25 ~ 0.5 kg. Grass grows between the rows, and the trees are covered with grass.
Pest control measures: From April 10 to 25, the main control is the pear stem bee, pear wasp, mealworm, pear lice, black star disease, black spot disease and so on. 1) Spray 4.5% high efficiency cypermethrin water emulsion 1500 times liquid + 4% agricultural resistance 120 water agent 1000 times liquid + 22.4% spirant ethyl ester suspension 4000 ~ 5000 times liquid + organic boron fertilizer 600 times liquid + neutral laundry detergent. 2) Start hanging insecticidal lights in mid-April.
Time: Young fruit stage to new shoot growth period (May)
Management measures: 1) Irrigation before bagging, mu applied 40 kg of high nitrogen compound fertilizer + 40 kg of microbial bacterial fertilizer. 2) Fix the fruit, bagging, and complete this work in mid-to-late May. 3) The raw grass orchard removes the malignant weeds in time. 4) The fruit table is strong and vigorous, leaving 5 to 7 leaves short. 5) Erect branches in the inner chamber of the canopy, long branches at the top and branches on the back are removed. 6) For long branches that are placed slowly or branches that are upright at an angle, insert and pull the branches. 7) Timely erase the excess new shoots such as shears and saws.
Pest control measures: May 5-10, May 20-25, mainly to control green blind bugs, diplodocus mites, yellow mealworms, pear lice, black star disease, black spot disease, etc. 1) Spray 2.5% cypermethrin microemulsion 2000 times liquid + 25% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times liquid + 70% propylsene zinc wettable powder 600 ~ 800 times liquid + amino acid calcium 1500 times liquid. 2) Spray 22.4% spironoethyl ester 4000 ~ 5000 times liquid + 5% methyl vitamin salt 6000 times liquid + 25% ether ester 8000 times liquid + amino acid calcium 1000 times liquid.
Time: Flower bud differentiation period to fruit expansion period (June-August)
Management measures: 1) Continue to pull branches, pick hearts, thin branches, and circumcise strong trees. 2) 40 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer + 40 kg of microbial bacterial fertilizer were applied to mu, combined with fertilization for irrigation. 3) In summer, dryland orchards can burrow into fertilizer and water. 4) From June to July, the new shoots of the pear tree have stopped growing, and the strong trees have removed strong branches, long branches, and overlapping branches; the strong trees only remove the branches with denser branches in the canopy, and the useless branches that sprout from the saw and shear are also within the scope of removal; weak trees make full use of the branches of the year to enhance the tree momentum, and only the branches of the annually irrational position are taken to change the direction. Weak trees leave less fruit and more fertilize. 5) Rapid fruit expansion period (August), foliar fertilization should be strengthened. If the fruit is stunted, potassium fertilizer can be applied. If the weather is too dry in August, you can irrigate a horse race water, which should be less than more.
Pest control measures: June 15-25, July 15-25, August 15-25, mainly to control green blind bugs, diplodocus mites, mealworms, pear lice, black star disease, black spot disease, etc. 1) Spray 24% spironyl ester suspension 3000 times liquid + 48% chlorpyrifos emulsion 1000 times liquid + 43% pentazool 3000 times liquid + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 300 times liquid. 2) Spray 0.26% matrine 1000 times liquid + 2.5% cypermethrin microemulsion 2000 times liquid + 10% phenylethicazole water dispersible granules 3000 times liquid + amino acid foliar fertilizer 1000 times liquid. 3) Spray 70% acetamidine water dispersible granules 2000 times liquid + 5% methyl vitamin brine dispersible granules 6000 times liquid + 40% fluosilazole 6000 times liquid + amino acid foliar fertilizer 1000 times liquid.
When: Fruit ripening period (September-October)
Management measures: 1) Remove overly dense upright branches, overlapping branches, and long branches, and appropriately retract intersecting branches. 2) Fertilization, adult trees apply 1 to 1.5 kg of compound fertilizer + 1 kg of microbial bacterial fertilizer. 3) Fruit picking, storage. Pear garden ditch fruit storage should be avoided in direct sunlight. Rainy weather, gabon rainproof.
Pest control measures: 1) Tie the insect trap belt or grass handle to trap the insects, tie the grass handle or the worm belt to the trunk, trap the mature larvae, adult worms, eggs and pupae, etc. 2) Clean the orchard. Removing rotten fruits, rotten fruit bags and branches with insects and bacteria, removing dead branches and fallen leaves, and burning them in a concentrated manner can greatly reduce the host of diseases and insects.
Article source Hebei Fruit Tree Magazine, for reference only!