#Forbidden City#Forbidden City Those Things##Legends of Beijing##2020古都京韵 #
The Forbidden City, this city was not formerly known as the Forbidden City. In the world's most luxurious, most solemn and largest deep mansion compound, in the 600 years since Ming Yongle 4 years, the Forbidden City has only lived in two families as a residence. Their family's surname is Zhu, and the family's surname is Ai Xin Jueluo, and for a long time, the heirs of these two families called themselves Tianzi. Guangya. Shi Tian: "The Heavenly Palace is called the Purple Palace." Therefore, the forbidden city used to be called the Forbidden City. The Forbidden City, as a symbol, is placed right in the middle of the city of Beijing, and to this day, in a sense, the city still symbolizes supremacy, power, desire, and even death. The Forbidden City is mysterious and ancient, and there are countless legends about the Forbidden City, so what story is Detective Jun telling today?
Legend has it that when Zhu Di, the ancestor of Ming Cheng, was preparing to move the capital to Beijing, he ordered Liu Bowen to supervise the construction of the imperial city, and asked Liu Bowen to build 10,000 rooms in the imperial city to reflect the meaning of "the lord of all peoples and the ten thousand rooms of Guangsha". However, before the project could begin, Liu Bowen had a dream, dreaming that the Jade Emperor summoned him to the Heavenly Court and told him that there were ten thousand houses in the Heavenly Palace, and that the mortal emperor was the son of heaven, and that his imperial palace must not exceed ten thousand rooms, otherwise he would be punished. After Liu Bowen woke up, he quickly reported the matter to the emperor.
People in the past were superstitious, so Zhu Di told Liu Bowen not to build ten thousand rooms, but it was also close to this number. Liu Bowen thought: The I Ching says that the singular number is yang, and nine is the pole of yang number, and the emperor is called the nine-five-year-old zun, so simply build 9999 rooms. After the palace was built, Zhu Di was very satisfied, and he was also very happy after hearing this meaning.
Later, in the Qing Dynasty, the Qianlong Emperor married a concubine from Huijiang, that is, the fragrant concubine of "Huan Zhuge Ge". Qianlong was very fond of Xiangfei, but it was said that Xiangfei was very weak and had to bask in the sun every day, but she could not stay outside for too long, so the Qianlong Emperor ordered the construction of a house that was all sunny and could be sunburned all day. But then it can't be counted as one, only half of it, and since then the palace has had nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine half houses.
Of course, this is only a legend, first, the construction of the Forbidden City has nothing to do with Liu Bowen; second, how many rooms the Forbidden City once had, there is no detailed record, if you count the burned, reconstructed, and built later, it is estimated to be more than 10,000. However, according to the 1980 statistics, there are only 8401. So where did the legend of this half room come from?
Actually! This legend is really not empty, there are really "half rooms" in the Forbidden City, and it is indeed related to the Qianlong Emperor. This so-called half room is in Wenyuan Pavilion. Wenyuan Pavilion is a library building in the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties, which was built in the Ming Yongle period. When Zhu Yuanzhang first established the Ming Dynasty, it was set in Nanjing, and wenyuan Pavilion was built in the east of the Fengtian Gate in the imperial city of Nanjing, and the ancient and modern books were stored. After Ming Chengzu Zhu Di moved the capital to Beijing, the Beijing Palace was built in imitation of Nanjing's existing regulations, and wenyuan Pavilion was also built. The famous Yongle Canon was stored directly in the Wenyuan Pavilion in Beijing after it was written, and not only that, Zhu Di also ordered that all the books in the Wenyuan Pavilion in Nanjing be transported to Beijing, and finally all of them were stored in the Wenyuan Pavilion in the sixth year of orthodoxy. So since it was built in the early Ming Dynasty, what is the relationship with Qianlong?
The original Wenyuan Pavilion of the Ming Dynasty is long gone, and the building we see now was built in the Qing Dynasty. Not only is the Ming Dynasty Wenyuan Pavilion in Beijing gone, but the Wenyuan Pavilion of the Forbidden City in Nanjing has not been passed down: in the fourteenth year of the Ming Dynasty, a fire broke out in the Forbidden City in Nanjing, and the Wenyuan Pavilion and its remaining books were burned. The Wenyuan Pavilion of the Beijing Imperial Palace was destroyed in the war with the fall of the Ming Dynasty. The leader of the peasant rebel army at the end of the Ming Dynasty did this: Li Zicheng. We all know that the Qing army did not enter the customs in the name of "eliminating the Ming Dynasty," but under the banner of "helping" the Ming Dynasty to suppress Li Zicheng. Because Beijing was attacked by the rebel army, Li Zicheng entered Beijing and established the Great Shun State, but before he could sit on the hot Qing army, he fled Beijing in a hurry, and created the "Burning Palace Incident" before leaving. Both the Wenyuan Pavilion and the Mandarin Hall connected to it were burned to the ground.
In the thirty-eighth year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1773), the "Four Libraries Quanshu" was opened, and considering the future storage problems after the completion of the book, the Qianlong Emperor decided to build a special storage place for the "Four Libraries Quanshu" in the following year of the large-scale development of the book compilation activities, so it was restored on the original site of wenyuan Pavilion in the Ming Dynasty. We don't know what the Wenyuan Pavilion of the Ming Dynasty looked like, but the Wenyuan Pavilion built after the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty still stands there after more than 200 years of wind and rain. Although there was originally more than one place in the Forbidden City for the collection of books, Wenyuan Pavilion is the most special building.
First of all, from the appearance of the special, as we all know, the appearance of the Forbidden City building is mainly red, red walls, big red pillars, vermilion lacquer gates, the roof is mostly yellow glazed tiles. However, standing in front of Wenyuan Pavilion, the first thing that catches the eye is the green pillar, the middle ridge and front eaves of the roof are also green glazed tiles, even the railing in front of the corridor is green, and the main color of the top tiles is not yellow, but black tiles, which is unique in the Forbidden City. Why? The answer is fire protection.
Wenyuan Pavilion itself is mainly a wooden structure, and it is a place where books are stored, all of which are flammable, in the current words: this is a key fire prevention unit. In China's traditional culture, the five elements correspond to five colors, black main water, water and fire, the ancients hoped to suppress the fire in this way, which is the reason why the top tile of Wenyuan Pavilion is black. And green also symbolizes water, green mountains and green water! Therefore, the pillars and balustrades are green, even the paintings of the eaves corridor are mainly green, and the paintings are also pure water grasses, lotus flowers, etc., and the roof and beams and pillars are decorated with blue and green water brocade patterns and water cloud belts, which is another feature of Wenyuan Pavilion.
There is also a special point, Wenyuan Pavilion is two floors from the outside, in fact, the inside is three floors. In the middle of the building is the waist eaves, and the waist eaves is actually a dark room, that is, the second floor of the entire building, which is commonly known as "stealing work". Look at the opening of Wenyuan Pavilion is more special, China's traditional architecture, especially the northern architecture, the opening room is basically singular, three, five, seven, nine (generally used for royal buildings, ordinary people can not use). This is because our country has always paid attention to symmetry, and the same is true of architecture, and the singular openings are conducive to determining the central axis of the yard in order to be symmetrical. The royal building pays more attention to the central axis and symmetry, because the central line is respected, and the three halls of the imperial palace and the emperor's dragon chair are on the central axis of the Forbidden City.
However, the opening room of Wenyuan Pavilion is six, and the old saying is "four or six is not a material", and it is said that craftsmen cannot do this during construction, unless it is the emperor's instructions. That's right, comrade Qianlong asked for it. Wenyuan Pavilion is modeled on the Tianyi Pavilion of Fan's in Ningbo, Zhejiang, and tianyi Pavilion takes the meaning of "heavenly life water, 60% of the earth", so the open room is six. However, Wenyuan Pavilion is different from Tianyi Pavilion, this is the Royal Library, the emperor will hold a feast here, so the first floor of the Ming Room (the largest one in the middle) to place the dragon chair, and the dragon chair must be on the center line, but the cover of six rooms can not be taken, what to do? This is not difficult for the wise Chinese! The clever craftsmen of the previous generation still adopted the method of five regulations and the middle of the Ming room, the middle is the Ming room, the largest area, and the emperor seat is placed in the center; the two sides are the secondary room, the area is slightly smaller; and then the two rooms on both sides are called the end room, the area is smaller, and finally the west side is divided into two rooms.
This not only solves the problem of taking the middle, but also meets the emperor's requirements for six wide rooms. Against the western wall is a particularly small room, so if you look from the outside, the westernmost window is particularly small. However, the half room is not on the first floor, because the small room on the first and second floors is used to install the stairs, which is at best a stairwell, not a room. The real room was on the 3rd floor, small in size, but with doors and windows, it was a decent room. In fact, strictly speaking, this is still a room, there is no half room, because if it is called five and a half rooms, it does not meet the requirements of the emperor's will to have six rooms wide. Kill the head drops! It was only because it was so small that people later called it Half Room. No matter which country people, like to give some mythological color to the past, so various stories came into being, the Forbidden City has this so-called half room, it has derived 9999 half of the legend. Although there is no such thing as 9999 rooms, the "half room" has finally been found, but for the protection of cultural relics, the interior of Wenyuan Pavilion is not open to the public, so when you visit the Forbidden City, you can only look at Wenyuan Pavilion from the outside, and you cannot enter the half room in person.
Careful readers will surely find that the birth of Wenyuan Pavilion is related to the burning of the Forbidden City, the Forbidden City in the Ming Dynasty there were four fires, except for the late Ming Dynasty Li Zicheng this time, respectively, Yongle eighteen years, Jiajing thirty-six years, Wanli twenty-five years; the mysterious Forbidden City was repeatedly burned, what is going on?