<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > there are many reasons for tail biting, find out the cause and prescribe the right medicine
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1. Varieties and individual differences:
If pigs of different breeds or the same breed but with large differences in weight are raised in a pigsty, the phenomenon of mutual bites often occurs. For example, the Changbai pig and the Xinhuai pig survive together, due to the difference in breed and survival characteristics, they contradict each other and compete with each other and bite. There are large differences between individuals, and in the occupation of sleeping area and food grabbing, the phenomenon of large deception and small bullying often occurs.
2. Environment:
Poor environmental conditions in the pig house, which does not conform to the normal physiological functions of the pig, such as the temperature in the house is too high or too low, poor ventilation and the accumulation of harmful gases, sudden changes in the weather, itchy skin caused by the moisture of the pigsty, etc., so that the pig has a sense of discomfort or poor rest and causes bites; Too much light, the pig is in a state of excitement and bored, it will also cause tail biting; The pig living environment is monotonous, especially the piglets are active and active, so they "play" with each other's ears or tails, which eventually leads to serious "carnivorous fetishes".
3. Nutrition:
Nutritional metabolism disorders caused by rabies, severe diarrhea, lack of Ca, P, Fe, etc. in pigs will induce mutual bites in pigs. Some pig tails are bitten, which will cause the swarm to attack it, affecting the entire pig herd. When pigs suffer from extracorporeal parasites such as lice and scabies, they can cause irritation and irritation of the skin of the pig body, and rub in the house and cause exudate to appear behind the ears, ribs, etc., which will attract other pigs and induce tail biting; Parasitic diseases in pigs, especially pig roundworms, stimulate the affected pigs to attack other pigs, and the phenomenon of tail biting occurs.
4. Management:
Those who have low social status in the pig herd cannot get a slot; The density of the pig herd is too high, the number of pigs in the same pen is too large, and the order is chaotic; Insufficient trough and drinking fountain, ground feeding; Pigs are active frequently, unable to rest sufficiently, and become bored; Pigs are emotionally unstable due to hormonal stimulation; Poor hygiene or co-breeding, poor neatness of the pig herd, etc., can induce the occurrence of tail bite.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > prevention of pig bites: breed + management</h1>
The stressors that cause tail-biting disease in pigs are different, and the stress response is non-specific, so the causes of this abnormal behavior are multifaceted and occur at different feeding stages. It can be seen that the measures to prevent pig tail bite should be comprehensive and should run through the whole process of pig production.
1. Anti-stress varieties can be preferred:
The phenomenon of tail biting is more common in long white pigs and ha white pigs, and local pigs are rare. It can be seen that different pig breeds have different sensitivities to stress, which is related to genetic genes, so the use of breeding methods to breed anti-stress pigs, eliminate stress-sensitive pigs, you can establish a population of anti-stress pigs one by one to fundamentally solve the problem of pig stress. Halothane-positive individuals can be removed from the pig herd with a halothane test, and the rate of stress-sensitive individuals can be greatly reduced over several generations. Denmark used the halothane method to check the Landres, Yorkshire, Duroc and Hampshire pigs, no halothane gene was found in the Danish Hampshire pigs, only one Duroc fluane positive pig was detected, landres fluphine positive pigs have been reduced by about 3%, And the Yorkshire pigs have dropped to 1.5%. Some parts of the country have carried out this work, and the first generation of Duroc, Great White Pig, Yorkshire, Hampshire and native pigs hybridized is selected as anti-stress supplementary pigs, and a relatively complete breeding system is gradually formed.
2, breeding management is the key
In intensive animal husbandry, in order to pursue the greatest economic benefits, people often take a series of measures in the breeding management, so that the living environment of pigs has undergone great changes, which are far from their natural living environment, so some modern management measures may be stressors at the same time. Therefore, in order to prevent or mitigate the impact of stress and effectively prevent the occurrence of pig tail bite disease in intensive production, it is necessary to improve the feeding management in the whole process of pig feeding, purchase and sale, transportation and slaughter, so as to create a good living environment for the growth and development of pigs.
(1) Nutrient deficiencies will also bite
The nutritional level of feed food should be able to meet the nutritional needs of pigs at different growth stages, feed to full-price compound feed, regular quantitative feeding, no mildew and spoiled feed, clean drinking water, adequate feeding tanks and sink facilities, pay attention to hygiene, and avoid food grabs and fights and uneven diets. When the tail bite phenomenon is found, the nutrient composition of the feed should be analyzed in time, and the nutritional deficiencies, especially the trace elements and vitamin deficiencies, should be fed in time to eliminate the tail bite caused by nutritional stress.
(2) A bad environment is an inducement
The construction process of the pig house (site selection, site layout, pig house type) and environmental engineering design (ventilation type, manure treatment method, etc.) and the choice of facilities in the house (feeding trough, drinking water mode selection, etc.) must meet the normal physiological requirements of pigs, and try to create a more suitable microclimate environment for the growth of pigs to avoid stress caused by hot and cold, thief wind invasion, fecal pollution, air turbidity, humidity and other factors.
(3) The group should be careful
Pigs with similar origins, weight, physique, personality and diet are raised. The number of heads in each pig herd should be determined by factors such as pig house equipment, captive density and feeding method. Under the condition of natural temperature and natural ventilation, 10 to 20 heads per group is appropriate; Under factory pig breeding conditions, each herd should not exceed 50 heads. The weight difference between individual pigs in the same group should not be too large, and the weight should not exceed 4 to 5 kg in the piglet stage, and no more than 7 to 10 kg in the shelf pig stage. After the herd is divided, the stability of the pig herd should be maintained, and it should not be adjusted arbitrarily unless the disease or weight difference is too large, the physique is too weak and it is not suitable for breeding in the group.
(4) Suitable feeding density
The feeding density of pigs does not affect the normal growth, development and reproduction of pigs, and can rationally use the area of the pigsty. In general, the pen area required for a 3-4 month old fattening pig in a pig farm is 0.6 m2, 0.8 m2 for 4 to 6 months old, and 1 and 1.2 m2 for 7 to 8 months and 9 to 10 months old, respectively. However, due to the large difference in temperature between the north and south of China, the density of captivity should also be adapted to local conditions.
(5) It is necessary for the piglet to break the tail
On the day of the birth of the piglet, about 1 cm from the tail root, use blunt heating scissors to cut (blanch) the tail and apply iodine tincture, the method is simple, no bleeding, no inflammation, the effect is good. Tail cutting off in piglets is an effective measure to control tail bite.
(6) Other management should keep up
Breeders should be fixed, irrelevant people are prohibited from visiting, and other animals are not allowed to enter the livestock house; Castration of fattening hybrid piglets can not only improve fattening performance and carcass quality, but also prevent the occurrence of tail biting; Pigs with tail-biting aversion are selected from the pig herd in time, and they are kept in isolation in a single circle, and sedatives can also be injected intramuscularly; Timely isolation of bitten pigs and washing and disinfection with 0.1% potassium permanganate and coated with iodine tincture to prevent purulent infection; Severe bites can also be treated with antibiotics to prevent infection. According to the environmental conditions, parasite species and development laws, pigs should be regularly dewormed to prevent parasite-induced tail-biting.