Colon pouch ciliates are a global pathogen of opportunistic parasitic infection that can infect a wide variety of mammals, including pigs. Pigs are the main host of insect carriers, and direct or indirect contact between humans and pigs can cause infection. Contamination of water sources by feces infected with pigs can cause a public health emergency. In recent years, with the rapid development of China's pig industry, the harm of this disease to the pig industry is becoming increasingly apparent, on the one hand, it is reflected in the piglet stage, the disease can cause piglet diarrhea thinning alone, with general antibiotic treatment has no obvious effect, serious can lead to piglet thinning and dehydration death; On the other hand, pouch ciliates can be co-infected with other intestinal diseases, exacerbating the condition of other intestinal diseases.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >1 incidence</h1>
A pig farm, on November 1, 2019, purchased about 300 piglets of about 25 kg. On November 7, several piglets were found to have symptoms of straining, and intramuscular therapy was treated with enrofloxacin, without significant improvement; On November 10, a total of 5 died, the feed was treated with oxytetracycline for 1 week, and no improvement was seen, the farm owner suspected swine fever, and emergency immunization against swine fever was carried out, and the disease was still not effectively controlled; By 25 November, a total of 75 cases had occurred, with an incidence rate of 25 per cent, 24 deaths and an 8 per cent mortality rate.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >2 clinical symptoms</h1>
The mental state and feeding conditions of newly infected pigs did not see obvious abnormalities, and cement gray or yellow unformed feces were discharged, and no abnormalities were seen in body temperature; Pigs with a slightly longer course of illness are mentally depressed, piled up, coarsely haired, emaciated, gait swinging, eye socket depression, decreased or abandoned feeding, discharge of light green or gray-black watery feces, and the body temperature of individual pigs drops.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >3 pathological changes</h1>
Four sick pigs were dissected, with the main lesions concentrated in the large intestine, the intestinal lumen filled with viscous to watery contents, yellow, light green or gray. There is hyperemia and bleeding in the intestinal mucosa, and the ulcer necrosis lesions from rice grains to soybeans are obviously visible when the colon contents are scraped open, the mesenteric lymph nodes are enlarged, and there is no obvious change in other organs.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >4 laboratory tests</h1>
4． 1 Acquisition
Sterile cotton swabs were used to dip the colon contents, colon ulcer foci mucus, and fresh abnormal feces in the pen, and sterile preservation and bring them back to the laboratory.
4． 2 Detection
Dip a small amount of sample with a sterile slide, drop 1 drop of sterile saline, cover with a coverslip and place under a 10 x 16x field of view for observation. A large number of oval, pale yellow, cilia- and rotational-motion trophozoites were visible in all samples.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >5 diagnosis</h1>
Combined with the results of the onset of the disease, treatment history, clinical symptoms, pathological autopsy and laboratory tests, it was comprehensively judged that the occurrence of swine pouch ciliate disease occurred in this field.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >6 treatment</h1>
(1) Add 20% demecidazole 1 500 g/t and 10% m-methoxypyrimidine sodium 1 000 g/t to the whole group feed for 5 days, discontinue the drug for 3 days, and continue to use for 5 days.
(2) Pigs with decreased appetite and obvious clinical symptoms were isolated and given 2 mL atropine sulfate for subcutaneous injection, and oral rehydration salts were used for drinking water.
( 3) Dehydrated pigs are only subjected to 5% glucose solution 200 mL and 0. 1% VC is given intraperitoneal injection at 1 dose/day for 3 days.
( 4) Carry out timely hygiene cleaning every day, with 0. 3% 100% poison killing continuous pig disinfection 1 time /day, continuous 7 days. Keep the barn dry and lay wooden planks for the pigs to rest.
(5) Change the original free food intake to a small number of meals. The small multi-meal pattern helps to reduce the burden on the digestive tract, increase the amount of food eaten by pigs, improve feed conversion rates, and reduce the possibility of feed contamination, thereby enhancing pig resistance.
In the process of treatment, only 3 pigs with serious disease died, and the rest of the sick pigs improved significantly, and no new cases were seen, and the disease was effectively controlled.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >7 Prevention and discussion</h1>
( 1) Strengthen feeding management and reduce stress. Porcupine ciliary disease is a conditioned disease. The insect body in the colon, cecum and rectum of normal pigs, with intestinal contents as the main food, generally in the usual time there is no damage to the large intestinal mucosa, under the action of external stress factors, it is easy to cause the insect body to destroy the intestinal mucosa and cause disease. Therefore, it is crucial to do a good job in the production process such as heat preservation, drying, and gradual transition of material change.
( 2) Pay attention to the hygiene and disinfection of the fence. Porcupine ciliate disease is an intestinal parasitic disease that does not require an intermediate host and is transmitted mainly through fecal contact. Timely treatment of manure in the pen can effectively reduce the chance of pigs being exposed to pathogens and reduce the spread of diseases. At the same time, regular disinfection of pig houses can also effectively reduce the possibility of pathogen transmission.
( 3) Pay attention to distinguish from other diseases. Clinically, there are many diseases that cause pig strain, such as viral swine fever, pseudorabies, infectious gastroenteritis, epidemic diarrhea, rotavirus disease, etc., bacterial diseases such as E. coli disease of pigs, paratyphoid fever of piglets, parasitic diseases such as vivocilium, trichomoniasis, coccidiosis, whipworm disease, fecal roundworm disease, etc. Combined with the incidence of the disease, autopsy symptoms and laboratory tests and early and accurate identification can give effective treatment plans in a timely manner and reduce unnecessary losses.
( 4) Select effective drugs for prevention and control. Effective drugs for the treatment of porcine pouch ciliate include demineazole, metronidazole, acetylmethaquine, sodium methoxypyrimidine, dimethimidazole, furazolidone, etc., and should comply with relevant laws and regulations when using, paying attention to the dosage and discontinuation period. In addition, traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions: Changshan, Haozi, rhubarb, muxiang each 10 g, dried ginger, appendage 5 g each, the amount of piglets weighing 20 ~ 30 kg per head, grinding into fine powder and adding honey 100 g, boiling water, fasting irrigation, 1 dose / day, even taking 3 to 5 doses also has a good effect [3 - 4].
( 5) Pay attention to the safety of relevant personnel. Sachet ciliates are zoonotic, and the rate of sachet ciliate infection reported in China in recent years is 0. 02% ～ 1． 3%。 Breeders and veterinary staff who have direct or indirect contact with pigs and their manure should take protective measures to avoid infection. If suspicious symptoms occur, you should seek medical attention promptly.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >8 conclusion</h1>
Most parasitic diseases mainly cause transient diarrhea, reduced feed conversion rate, slow growth rate and other phenomena in pigs, which are chronic wasting diseases and are easily ignored. With the continuous development of the pig industry and the continuous improvement of production performance, practitioners are required to strive for excellence, do every detail, and consider every possibility in order to ensure that the benefits are maximized.