The Jinan Hongji Hall founded by Bai Jingqi in the gate of the mansion is really like this in history

　First, before and after Hongjitang started a business

　　The founder of Jinan Hongjitang Pharmacy, Le Jingyu, originally from Zhejiang, whose ancestor moved to Beijing in order to operate the pharmaceutical industry during the Kangxi dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, and founded Tongrentang outside the Zhengyang Gate for more than 300 years. By the light years of the Qing Dynasty, Tongrentang was already well known in the pharmaceutical industry. During the period of the four brothers of Le Jingyu's father, Yan, Pu, Pepper and Tree, he inherited the ancestral inheritance and formed the large, second, third and fourth houses. In terms of form, Sifang is the absolute average of the four major shareholders of Tongrentang, but in fact, the management power of Tongrentang is controlled by Le Jingyu's uncle Le Puzhai .

　　Le Jingyu is a brother of the first generation, and there are seventeen people in the four rooms. Le Jingyu was the least pleased of his father and brother among his brothers. His uncle Le Pu Zhai once said to Le Jingyu: "In the future, you are not allowed to use cursive characters (referring to the pharmaceutical industry), you cannot eat this line of food; you donate an official and avoid me from afar." After this stimulation, Le Jingyu made up his mind that he had to engage in pharmaceutical industry. It is a private interaction with the old staff of Tongrentang, immersed in the study of medicine, and the identification and preparation of raw materials for medicine. When he was thirty years old, he donated an official title of Shandong Alternate Dao in Beijing, and in 1902, he came from Beijing to Jinan as an alternate. At this time, his acquaintance Yang Shijun (it is said that Yang was Le Jingyu's brother-in-law) was appointed as the inspector of Shandong. Yang Yile Jingyu was not only a Shaodong of Tongrentang in Beijing, but also a master of medicine, and allocated 2,000 taels of silver to the official and entrusted Le Jingyu to hold the official pharmacy. Yang was involved in establishing an official pharmacy in violation of the Manchu Qing law (later Yang Shihua was transferred out of Shandong), and the official pharmacy was also difficult to continue to operate due to insufficient funds. Forced to attract investment to bear. Le Jingyu paid back the official payment of 2,000 taels, obtained the right to bear the pharmacy, and changed its name to "Hongjitang".

　　At that time, the site of Hongjitang was on Yuanqian Street, which is now the address of Pearl Spring Barbershop, which was burned down in the 1915 mutiny, but moved to the hongjitang address of Yuandong Avenue, quancheng Road. Le Jingyu's method of running Hongjitang is all based on Beijing Tongrentang. He first retained Shen Xiwu, the manager of the former official pharmacy, as the manager, and soon transferred Liu Yingzhou from the old staff of Beijing Tongrentang to replace Shen Xiwu's manager. With the passage of time and the development of the enterprise, Huang Mengheng, Qian Baoheng, Zhang Shenting and many others have served as managers.

　　Hongjitang suffered from the official pharmacy bureau at the beginning of the opening, the business was not strong, and the daily sales volume was only a few copper yuan. Because the foreign debt taken when paying off the official payment is not enough, the funds are short, and many precious medicines, such as rhinoceros detoxification pills and antelope detoxification pills, are unable to purchase materials and formulate. It was not until 1921 that the debts were paid off, and precious raw materials were purchased in large quantities, and the business gradually improved.

　　The great development of Hongjitang came during the reign of the warlord Zhang Zongchang in Shandong from 1924 to 1928. Le Jingyu successively opened the first store of Hongjitang (that is, Hongjitang West) on Weiliu Road and the second store in Weiyi Road. At the same time, the main store and branch store were renovated into buildings, and it is said that this alone used more than 100,000 silver dollars. By 1934, Hongjitang's drug sales had reached two-thirds of the sales volume of Tongrentang in Beijing. The inventory of precious medicines is also increasing, such as the above angelica stored in hundreds, saffron stored in hundreds of catties. At this time, a huge amount of money has been accumulated.

　　2. Operation of Hongjitang

　　At the end of the Qing Dynasty, although the four rooms of Le's were not separated on the surface, they were actually engaged in their own houses. However, in the four major equity of Beijing Tongrentang, There is still a first-line connection between the four rooms of Leshi. Governed by the laws of capitalist economy, these enterprises of the Loeb family must compete not only with their external counterparts, but also within them. For example, the competition between Hongren hall and Leren hall in the large room, Juren hall in the second room, Hongji hall in the third room, and Daren hall in the fourth room is very fierce. In order to gain advantages and chase profits in business wars, Le Jingyu took "goodwill" as the first requirement in the operation of Hongjitang. He believed that only when a company prospers can it get rich, and "goodwill" is a prerequisite for the prosperity of a company. In order to obtain good reputation, Hongjitang pays great attention to management, which is embodied in the following aspects:

　　The first is to pay close attention to the quality of drugs and make profits by the "real and good" brand of goods. All the formulas, material selection, preparation, etc. of Hongjitang drugs follow the old store of Beijing Tongrentang. In the procurement of raw materials, it can make the wholesalers of medicinal materials dare not use false to fill the real, and use the sub-substitution of the good. For the authenticity of the place of origin, it can be identified immediately, and the high-grade authentic medicinal materials can be truly used. There are also strict specification standards for medicinal materials, such as Ze Diarrhea as long as the middle section, white peony to poke at both ends, ginseng used in ginseng pills, must use wild ginseng. In addition, There are many kinds of medicines in Hongjitang, which can be said to be ointments, dan, pills, powders, drinking tablets, etc. Adhering to the principle of "conforming to the ancient concoction" is also a major feature of Hongjitang. The finished medicines it produces are all prepared according to the formula of Beijing Tongrentang, and the technicians and workers are also hired from Beijing Tongrentang. At the beginning, Le Jingyu carved a set of instruction manuals for the proprietary medicines produced by Tongrentang Laohao from Beijing, with a total of more than 500 pieces. It was not until 1918, when Hongjitang opened the West Horn, that hongjitang carved its own wooden planks (there were also more than 500 kinds) in Jinan, and then used its own manual. In 1923, he published the book "Hongjitang Medicine Catalogue". The content is a brief treatment instruction for the ointment, Dan, pill, powder, tablets and other medicines produced by Hongjitang, and the preface written by the Manchu Qing dynasty old Yang Shijun and Lu Runyu is also published in the foreword. All drugs sold on behalf of or purchased in batches in various places are given away in order to receive the effect of publicity and marketing. In short, Hongjitang's medicine, the selection of materials, the use of materials, the concoction of the ancient, to ensure the quality of the premise, to achieve the purpose of obtaining high profits, this is the main method of Hongjitang in the operation.

　　The second is the production of special varieties of proprietary medicines, brand-name drugs owned by Chuanghong Jitang alone. Just take the ejiao made by Hongjitang as an example. The drugs operated by the old shops of the Le family's Tongrentang and the four-room Hongrentang, Lerentang, Jurentang, Darentang, Hongjitang and other stores are basically the same in variety. In addition to the selection of materials is good and different, the formula is not much different. Le Jingyu believes that if his Hongjitang can't get his own brand-name medicine, it will be difficult to win in the fierce business war. This is just as it is true that celebrities must have a good watch to enjoy the name of the seat. Therefore, in 1912, when Hongjitang's foreign debt had not yet been paid off and the foundation was still not consolidated, Le Jingyu insisted on setting up the Hongjitang Ejiao Factory in Jinan Dongliushui Street, which finally made the ejiao it made enjoy both at home and abroad, and created a famous brand medicine for Hongjitang to get rich.

　　Chinese medicine ejiao, which is made of donkey skin. Its performance is to tonify qi and blood, and it is most suitable for women to take it. Why is it named Ejiao? It is said that in the early years (the date is unknown) there was an eye ancient well in Yanggu County, Shandong Province, named Ajing. At the beginning, the glue was made of boiling water from this well, so the glue that was boiled out was called ejiao. In the book "Notes on the Water Classics" written by Li Daoyuan, A Well Strip downloaded the cloud: "The water system of A Jing flows in the water system, and the water is cold and sinks. "Hongjitang made ejiao in Jinan, and it is said that the water of Baotu Spring in Jinan is a vein of water with Jishui, so the glue made of Spring Water is the same as the quality of glue made with Ajing water.

　　Le Jingyu, in view of the ejiao sold in the pharmaceutical industry at that time, had a fishy smell of donkey skin. He was a reference, and studied with famous doctors, made an exclusive prescription for homemade ejiao, and hired glue workers Liu Huai'an and others from Yanggu County to boil in Jinan. Le Jingyu's requirement is that the product quality is high, and it is necessary to overwhelm the products of other rubber factories without billing labor costs, so he has developed a new formulation method (that is, the so-called nine-day and night method). With this new prescription and new refining technology, Hongjitang Ejiao, which is sweet and crispy, has a fragrant taste and a remarkable effect. At that time, there were twelve kinds of ejiao produced, namely "five-character glue" such as Fuzi, Luzi, Shouzi, Caizi, and Xizi, and models such as Jingyan, Ink Ingot, Need, Bright Sixteen, Bright Thirty-two, Black Sixteen, and Black Thirty-two. The main raw material of ejiao is donkey skin, and the whole donkey skin is the best pure black. Hongjitang's first-class Ejiaofu characters and Lu characters are two kinds of pure black donkey skins, and the additional medicinal materials in the inside are also selected authentic products. Before liberation, Hongjitang's ejiao was marketed in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui and other provinces and cities in China, and overseas in Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries. It is rumored that during the Japanese and pseudo-Japanese periods, a Japanese who lived in Wanzi Lane in Jinan once purchased a large amount of ejiao from Hongjitang and shipped it to Japan, and was licensed by the Japanese customs to import it, while other proprietary Chinese medicines were not allowed to be imported. Hongjitang Ejiao, who won the gold medal award and the first class silver medal at the Panama International Commodities Fair. At that time, the Ejiao market was almost exclusively occupied by Hongjitang.

　　According to the old employees of Hongjitang Rubber Factory, the reason why Hongjitang Ejiao has become a famous brand is fundamentally: the formula and materials are different. Such as the use of high-grade green deer antler velvet, wild ginseng, Tibetan safflower and other authentic raw materials. The donkey skins are pure black donkey skins imported from Shulu County, Hebei Province, without miscellaneous skins. The second is to spend time and materials, and to obtain heavy profits with unique famous brands. The third is to draw together relations and lend foreign wealth. The former and later managers of Hongjitang, such as Liu Yingzhou, Zhang Shenting, qian Baoheng, etc., were both business experts and good at contacting drill camps, and at that time, Hongjitang also increased a lot of income by virtue of social relations.

　　Without exception, Hongjitang, like other capitalist enterprises, also cut corners and deceive people in its operations. For example, around 1935, during the reign of Han Fuyu in Shandong, Hongjitang, in order to chase greater profits, scattered the precious materials (such as beef yolk, musk, ice chips, etc.) made into medicines to 70% or 80% according to the original formula, secretly reducing the quality. At the same time, advertisements were published in the newspapers, and leaflets were scattered on the road, publicizing its paste pills and various medicines and decoctions, all of which were sold at 20% off the original price, thus making Hongjitang rich.

　　3. Management of Hongjitang

　　According to the practice of past business, a contract should be concluded between the owner (the capital) and the west (the manager, that is, the agent of the capital): the East contributes, the West contributes, and the money shares and the human shares share the profits; the capital must not ask for the dissolution of the company; when the company is dissolved, the assets of the enterprise must be cleaned up and the due part of the Western shares must be distributed. The Hongji Hall opened by Le Jingyu is not in accordance with the convention. There is no contract between the East and the West, the East can dismiss the Work of the West at any time, and the East is directly responsible for the management and operation of the enterprise, and Le Jingyu has appointed himself as the general manager of Hongjitang. Western managers are only responsible for the day-to-day affairs of the enterprise. Profit distribution and personnel arrangements must be decided by the owner. Hence the western term "manager on the water tag" (meaning it can be erased at any time). For example, Shen Xiwu, the first manager of Hongjitang, was dismissed by Le Jingyu under the pretext of running a formless business, and Liu Yingzhou and Zhang Shenting were transferred from Beijing Tongrentang to be the managers of Hongjitang. Later, Liu Yingzhou was replaced by Xin Mengheng, a close confidant of the Xin clan, and Qian Baoheng, a young friend of The Xin clan who was in Beijing when he was at odds with Xin Dexin.

　　After 1924, when Hongjitang's business was at its peak, there were three stores, a rubber factory, and a stackhouse in Jinan. In order to strengthen his control over the enterprise, Le Jingyu set up the Enterprise Prime Minister's Office (General Ledger Room) in the stackhouse, and arranged four managers, all of whom were working in the Prime Minister's Office. At that time, the four managers were: Zhao Yufu, who was in charge of the general ledger, Huang Mengheng, who was in charge of the cabinet, Qian Baoheng, who was in charge of diplomacy, and Zhang Shenting, who was in charge of production (mastering the preparation of drugs). There are also two employees who do specific work on the general ledger, one is in charge of money and the other is in charge of goods. There is also a special one in charge of incoming goods. In addition, the three stores were respectively equipped with a manager, a checker (at that time, Hongjitang grabbed the decoction, all of which were each package number, that is, the salesman on the counter weighed the quasi-portion according to the prescription, and each flavor of the medicine was poured on a small piece of paper, and then checked that the checker was not wrong, wrapped up the small bag, the name of the drug, and finally wrapped these small packages together with a large piece of paper) Two people, salesmen, apprentices, cooks and chores, etc., each store department more than twenty people. The rubber factory has more than 20 factory directors and employees. There are more than 40 people in the stacking house (including the preparation and warehouse management personnel), and there are more than 120 employees in the five places.

　　The salaries of Hongjitang employees are very low. Hongjitang, from the manager to the clerk, does not pay dividends. The main income of an individual is based on commissions. Employee commissions are determined by the quality of business every month. If 10,000 yuan is received for purchase and sale this month, 10 percent is 1,000 yuan, and then 10 percent or 100 yuan is proposed from this 1,000 yuan, which belongs to the capital in the name of the so-called "divine blessing". The remaining ninety percent, that is, nine hundred yuan, was reserved for le Jingyu's whole family and all the staff of Hongjitang, according to how many points each accounted for. The so-called "points", that is, one is always a hundred points, and one point is divided into ten cents. The amount of each person's share is determined by the two managers in charge of the general ledger and the counter, according to the number of years of each person entering the store and the position and work ability. First of all, Dongjia Le Jingyu takes the head point (that is, five points), the wife of the Inner East Le Jingyu takes four points, the big shao Dong Le Tie An (Le Zhi Tian's father), and the second young Dong Le Shao Yu each gets three points; followed by Le Jingyu's eldest girl, second girl, eldest daughter-in-law, second daughter-in-law, and grandchildren Le Zhitian brothers also take two points each. The four managers took five points, four points, three points and five cents. The manager of the store department takes three or two points. The checkers are one point, one cent and five centimeters. Salesmen (who sell medicine at the counter), apprentices, and chores are divided into one, two, five, and four percent. This system is called "batch change". It is in this way that Hongjitang uses this method to make its employees link the interests of the enterprise with the interests of individuals.

　　In addition, Hongjitang also has a kind of "small account money", also called "commission money". That is, the salesman (only the station counter selling drugs) sold on the same day through the cream, Dan, pills, powder, tablets (the package of decoction does not count) and other twenty kinds of proprietary medicines, by the store department back cabinet staff list recorded in the name of each person, a day a liquidation, according to the number of who sold on the day, put forward "commission money" to be attributed to individuals. Generally, you can get more than four or five corners a day, and you can get a few yuan. Therefore, at that time, the employees of Hongjitang were willing to work as salesmen on the counter of the store department. It is said that around 1926, during the prosperous business of Hongjitang, a salesman standing at the counter had a fixed salary of only four or five yuan per month, and the "small account money" he received every day accumulated to get 30 to 50 yuan a month.

　　Le Jingyu's appointment of employees (including salesmen and apprentices) was mostly selected by Le Jingyu from the buddies and apprentices in the Hongjitang Ginseng Ejiao Village opened in Dajiangjia Hutong outside Beijing's Qianmen. Therefore, the staff and apprentices of Jinan Hongjitang at that time generally did not make any major mistakes and would not be fired. Hongjitang stipulates the vacation period for employees: once every two years, rest at home for two months, and the round-trip fee is paid by the enterprise. After the "July 7" incident, it was changed to once a year on leave, the time was forty days, and only half of the road fare was paid.

　　4. Hongjitang after liberation

　　At the time of liberation, Hongjitang's old owner, Le Jingyu, was over the age of ancient and lived in his hometown in Beijing. In the early 1950s, Le Jingyu's grandson, Le Zhitian, became the successor of Hongjitang. In July 1955, with the approval of the People's Government, Hongjitang was included in the public-private partnership. Since then, this famous Chinese medicine store in Jinan, which has a history of nearly 60 years, has embarked on the road of rebirth. At that time, the amount of nuclear capital was 280,000 yuan, with Kang Yuanxiang as the manager of the public party and Le Zhitian as the deputy manager. In 1960, it merged with Yongchang, Gen Yitang and other pharmacies to form Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Factory. In the mid-1960s, there were more than 400 employees and an output value of more than 4 million yuan, which was the only chinese patent medicine manufacturing plant in Jinan at that time.

Le Da Cong (1872~1954), Zi Duo, Jing Yu. A native of Beijing. Originally from Zhejiang, his ancestors moved to Beijing to run the pharmaceutical industry during the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, and founded TongrenTang outside the Zhengyang Gate. During the light years of the Qing Dynasty, tongrentang's reputation grew day by day, and it was well known. Although Le Jingyu is a Tongrentang pharmacy Shaodong, he has been discriminated against by his father and brother since childhood, but he has aroused his determination to study medicine, and has become more and more important in identifying and concocting the raw materials of medicine. In the 28th year of Qing Guangxu (1902), he donated to Shandong's alternate Daolaiji, and was later entrusted by Yang Shijun, the inspector of Shandong, to hold the official pharmacy. In the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907), he did not hesitate to pay back 2,000 yuan of official silver in full, obtained ownership, and changed his name to "Hongjitang". In 1912, Hongjitang Ejiao Factory was established in Dongliushui Street, Jinan (it was said that it was opened in 1909), and the original "Nine Days and Nights Training Ejiao Method" produced 12 kinds of ejiao with unique characteristics, which were marketed in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Zhejiang, Fujian, Japan, and Southeast Asian countries, and the ejiao market was almost exclusive to Hongjitang. In 1914, he was praised as the "Best Gold Medal" by the Shandong Provincial Exhibition, in 1915 he was awarded the "Excellent Gold Medal" and "First Class Silver Medal" by the Panama International Commodity Exposition, and in 1933 he was awarded the "Super Class" award by the Ministry of Railway Industry of the People's Republic of China. By 1934, Hongjitang's drug sales had reached two-thirds of that of Tongrentang in Beijing. When new China was founded in 1949, Le Jingyu was already old enough to live in Beijing, and the Hongjitang industry in Jinan was managed by his grandson LeZhitian. He died in 1954.