Peng Xianghua sings Chinese nursery rhymes and talks about Wuhan culture (088)
The City of Three Miles, the Guo of seven miles, in the history of China, there have been countless cities of different sizes. "Han Tomb Tang Pagoda Pig Circle", this sentence was said by an old gentleman who taught ancient Chinese history when I was studying at a correspondence course in the History Department of Hubei University. Probably means that the Han Dynasty advocated tomb building, the Tang Dynasty liked to build towers, and the Ming Dynasty preferred to build a fortress city, regardless of the imperial palace, the palace, the big city and the small yi, all had to get a square high wall to surround themselves. As a result, in today's Land of China, most of the ancient city walls that remain were built in the Ming Dynasty, and the large-scale restoration of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty is not to mention. Ming is the Tianzi surnamed Zhu, and pigs are kept in captivity, so the common people jokingly call building walls and building cities "pigs playing circles".
Wuchang has a city, according to the "Notes on the Water Classics", began in the second year of the Three Kingdoms Wei Huangchu (221 AD), wu lord Sun Quan built a city on the north side of the Yellow Crane Mountain, named Xiakou, of course, this theory is still controversial in academic circles. In the fourth year of Hongwu, Zhou Dexing, the Marquis of Jiangxia, "added to the old city". At this time, Wuchang City has all been transformed into a brick city, the city is high and deep, the shape is neat, the mountain is the city, the river is the pool, and the nine gates are majestic, which is magnificent. The last Wuchang City was basically left at that time.
1923, Wuchang City Map
Wuchang City, City, How Many Historical Stories Are Interpreted and Unfolded in You...
On page 106 of Luo Shihan's Baishazhou Lujia, a nursery rhyme originated during the Siege of Wuchang City by the Revolutionary Army of the Northern Expedition:
One pound of rice, one pound of gold;
One liter of chaff, one piece of silver.
On July 9, 1926, the Nationalist government established the National Revolutionary Army to start the unification war of the Northern Expedition Revolution from Guangdong. The Northern Expeditionary Army first marched to Hunan and Hubei, where Wu Peifu was entrenched, and occupied Changsha on July 12, and in the two battles of Tingsi Bridge and Hesheng Bridge in Hubei Province, the momentum was like a rainbow, crushing Wu Peifu's main force and drinking the Yangtze River. The Northern Expeditionary Army attacked Wuchang many times, but suffered heavy losses due to the tall walls and tight defenses, and returned with feathers. The Second Part of the History of the National Revolutionary War: The Unification of the Northern Expedition (Volume II) by Jiang Weiguo has the following record: "When the revolutionary army besieged wuchang city, the Wu defenders used the city wall to build a defense, and used shooting, burning, and blocking various means to make the revolutionary army attack the city and fight, and suffered repeated setbacks..."
After the Northern Expeditionary Army occupied Hanyang and Hankou, Wu Peifu fled to Henan, and in the defeat of the north, Wu ordered Liu Yuchun, commander of his Eighth Division, to be the commander of the wuchang city defense. Led his troops to wuchang and waited for reinforcements from Yu and Gan. The isolated city of Wuchang was besieged for forty days.
The Northern Expeditionary Army besieged the city of Wuchang before the oath meeting
Liu Yuchun had been used by Wu Peifu when he was discouraged, just like the old friend. On February 14, 1926, Xiao Yaonan, the overseer of Hubei, died violently, and Chen Jiamo succeeded him as the overseer of Hubei, but he was shallow in seniority, insufficient in strength, difficult to convince the public, and his attitude towards the prospect of war was more ambiguous, unwilling to take the lead in dealing with the chaotic situation at that time, and willing to take the lead.
The siege of Wuchang City cut off all land and water traffic within and outside the city. Trade and commerce can only consume Wuchang, which cannot be produced, to become a dead city, and the biggest threat to survival is the serious shortage of food, and hunger and death envelop the whole city.
Advertisement for Cao Xiangtai Rice Factory published in the 1926 "Hankou Commercial List"
The Wu army had long planned to besiege Wuchang and had already made preparations in advance. At that time, there were two rice factories in Wuchang City, one was Cao Xiangtai, who was very familiar with people, and the other was Zhang Wantai, Cao Xiangtai was stronger, so Liu Yuchun took down all his hoards of rice, and Zhang Wantai factory hoarded rice to Chen Jiamo. At the same time, they also sealed all the grain stored in various businesses and shops for military use. As the siege time passed, the food supply became more and more tight, and some soldiers began to plunder the people's grain, as long as it was found, all of them were taken away, and there were no grains left, and those who looked slightly better were looted again and again. The looters were mainly miscellaneous soldiers in the fleeing city. Liu Yuchun's troops were prepared first, and second, Wu Peifu's army was stricter and rarely disturbed the people.
At that time, there were more than 200,000 residents stranded in Wuchang City (one says more than 100,000), poor families, no overnight grain; small households, at most, have three or five days of grain storage, the terrible food shortage and famine threaten people, even if they have money, they can not buy grain and rice noodles. The cats, dogs, and weasels were hunted and killed cleanly, and the whole city of Wuchang could not hear the barking of chickens and dogs, and even the birds did not dare to pass through the city; the lotus stems and wild vegetables of the lakes and mountains in the city were picked without any left, and even the leaves, grass roots, and Guanyin soil were also used to wrap their stomachs for their lives.
Starvation is probably the saddest and most helpless way for mankind to die, but more and more ordinary people are dying in hunger and struggle, so that they are starving everywhere and crying everywhere.
According to Mr. Yu Pinshou, his grandfather's "Eight Miscellaneous Songs of the Siege of the City" (the original is in the Wuchang Uprising Memorial Hall of the Xinhai Revolution) contains a large number of poems describing the suffering of the people in the city at that time:
"The people of the city who have suffered,
Confusion in the corner.
When to break this fortification,
We are free of charcoal. ”
"Heaven and heaven do not hesitate,
The dying man is hungry. ”
"There is no sound of chickens and dogs in the alley,
There are hungry rats during the day.
The old and the weak cannot be happy,
Hugged and cried behind closed doors. ”
Photocopy of Yu Zuyan's poem "Eight Miscellaneous Songs of the Siege of the City", the original of which is stored in the Wuchang Uprising Memorial Hall of the Xinhai Revolution (Photo: Yu Pinshou)
On the evening of October 9, the commander of the Third Division of the Beiyang Army, Kaesong, surrendered, Liu Yuchun retreated to Snake Mountain, and was finally captured alive; Chen Jiamo was arrested when he was mixed with the people at Hanyang Gate and prepared to leave the city. On October 10, the 40-day siege of Wuchang ended.
"Oh my soldier! Protect this country. Oh my soldiers! Protect this people. ”
Whether it is "The Second Part of the History of the National Revolutionary War: Unification of the Northern Expedition" or "The Northern Expedition War (Selected Materials)" and many other documents, the historical records about the siege of Wuchang do not mention the suffering and hunger of the people in the city, and all that is recorded is how heroic the siege soldiers are, and how stubborn the officers and men defending the city are, and the ordinary ballad of "one pound of rice, one pound of gold; one liter of chaff and one piece of silver", although it is only twelve words, depicts the history of the passing from one side, bringing us into a tragic and tragic picture.
I was almost obsessed with the collection and research of old nursery rhymes in Wuhan, and laughed at myself as "all-pervasive". Recently, watching Liao Meichun's video of "Wuchang Ancient City Back Street Old Street (3)", I actually heard a nursery rhyme about the closure of Wuchang that year, which was very rewarding:
Close the city gate, close the city gate,
The rich and the poor are average.
No money to dig up some Guanyin soil,
There is money to buy some purslane.
There is a long lake in shannan,
There is Garden Hill to the north of the mountain.
Garden Hill, get through the storm,
Feed the people.
Another meal of grass roots and leaves.
Liao Meichun's video clip of "Wuchang Ancient City Back Street Old Street (3)"
It is said that after the opening of the city, the people hated the besieging city to the bone, and demanded the demolition, and some even directly knocked off the city wall bricks, which was the main reason for the demolition of the city in Wuchang, but this was not the case.
Dong Yumei, editor and examiner of the Wuhan Municipal Local History Office, and Wang Changwang, adviser to the Wuchang Archives, believed after examination that as early as 1919, Chen Shiying, a member of the Hubei Provincial Council, and 62 other people jointly proposed a motion, and after listing the five major advantages of demolishing the city and the five major harms of not demolishing the city, they strongly advocated the demolition of Wuchang City, and then abandoned it because the project was too large.
Shortly after the Northern Expeditionary Army captured Wuchang City, another proposal was put forward to demolish the city, and the Hubei Provincial Administrative Affairs Committee made a decision to demolish the Wuchang City Wall, appointed Wan Shengyang as the director of the Demolition Committee, and set up the Wuchang Demolition Office to handle the demolition of the city, and the Wuchang City Wall began to be demolished, and by June 1929, the demolition work was completed, leaving only the City Tower of the Uprising Gate (Zhonghe Gate) to commemorate the Xinhai Uprising. Since then, Wuchang City Pool has ended its historical mission.
"Under the glorious Northern Expedition to Wuchang City, blood stained our names..."
【About me】
Peng Xianghua, male, was born in 1954 in Hankou between the Liudu Bridge and the bronze statue of the Ancient Three Emperors. He is a member of the Hubei Writers Association and a representative inheritor of the Hubei Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage Project "Wuhan Nursery Rhymes". Over the years, he has been committed to the collection, collation, examination, research and inheritance of Wuhan nursery rhymes, and published monographs such as "Wuhan Folk Nursery Rhymes Compilation Notes", "Wuhan Song Stories", "Wuhan Nursery Rhymes Longitudinal Talk", "Wuhan People's Paradise Story", "Big City Alley", etc., "Wuhan Folk Nursery Rhymes Compilation Notes" won the 10th "Qu Yuan Literary and Art Award" in Hubei Province.
"Peng Xianghua tells Chinese nursery rhymes", for you to interpret, interesting about Wuhan old nursery rhymes, as well as related Wuhan old children's games, social life, customs and customs, anecdotes, dialect sayings and so on.