He is a member of the Confederacy
He is the leader of the Tianjin bourgeois constitutional movement
Served as Minister of the Interior of the Military Government of the Republic of China,
Plenipotentiary in Shanghai is at the same level
He was an early friend of the Communists
It led to the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation
Today's Beichen centennial celebrity
Let's walk in together
Sun Hongyi, a pioneer of the democratic revolution
Pioneer of the democratic revolution: Sun Hongyi
Sun Hongyi (1872-1936), Zibolan, a native of Beicang. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the leader of the autonomous faction, a member of the League, and the leader of the Tianjin bourgeois constitutional movement, led to the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation.
The Xinhai Revolution shouldered a heavy responsibility
In the summer of 1900, the Eight-Power Alliance invaded Tianjin, the area around Beicang was looted, and Sun Hongyi's family was burned down by the invading army. Sun Hongyi witnessed the tragic situation of broken walls and corpses strewn across the field, and was determined to save the country. Sun Hongyi believes that "to reform the country, we must start from cultivating talents." Cultivating talents, especially from the beginning of the revitalization of education. Therefore, in 1902, he founded the Kitakura Mongyang Elementary School, and in 1905, he assisted Wen Shilin in founding the Universal Education Girls' School. He learned from the experience of Japan and some Western countries, led the constitutional movement, played an important role in shaking the ruling position of the Qing Dynasty, and became a force for national bourgeois intellectuals demanding social progress.
In 1909, Sun Hongyi was introduced by Song Jiaoren to join the League. After the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution, Sun Hongyi conspired with Wu Luzhen, the commander of the sixth town of the Beiyang New Army, to respond to the uprising. In 1913, Sun Hongyi was appointed as a member of the House of Representatives of the Beiyang Government and a member of the Constitution Drafting Committee. The following year, he was wanted for questioning Yuan Shikai's proposal to usurp the presidency and oppose the dissolution of the National Assembly to restore the imperial system, and secretly left Beijing for Shanghai.
▲ In June 1910, Sun Hongyi and others founded the National Gazette in Beijing to launch a second petition
▲Group photo of provincial representatives participating in the second national assembly petition (Sun Hongyi is sun Hongyi in the front row, fourth from the right)
In July 1916, when Li Yuanhong was president, Sun Hongyi served as the chief of internal affairs in the Beijing government and was one of the core figures arranged by Sun Yat-sen in the Beijing government. At the same time, Sun Hongyi joined the Chinese Revolutionary Party (later renamed the Chinese Nationalist Party) led by Sun Yat-sen. In accordance with the spirit of Sun Yat-sen's instructions, he waged a struggle against the Beiyang Army: opposed Xu Shuzheng and Duan Qirui; hired Li Dazhao to draft the "Regulations on Local Autonomy"; and proposed reforms according to Sun Yat-sen's plan for the founding of the country.
▲ Group photo of Sun Yat-sen when he was inaugurated as Grand Marshal on September 10, 1917 (Sun Hongyi in the third row, fourth from the right)
Sun Yat-sen appointed Sun Hongyi as a senator of the National Government
On September 1, 1917, Sun Yat-sen was elected Grand Marshal of the Military Government of the Republic of China, and Sun Hongyi was appointed as the Chief Minister of internal affairs of the Military Government of the Republic of China and the plenipotentiary representative in Shanghai. In the Xinhai Revolutionary Movement, Sun Yat-sen and Sun Hongyi were known as "big grandsons and little grandsons".
Lead the May Fourth movement to help the democracy movement
When the "May Fourth" patriotic movement broke out in 1919, Sun Hongyi directly organized and led the May Fourth People's Movement in Shanghai, publishing "Please Beiyang Generals To Ask for Thieves to Save the Dead Electricity", calling on his immediate family to oppose Duan Qirui.
In March 1920, Sun Hongyi took advantage of the contradiction between his immediate family and the Anhui family to persuade Wu Peifu, commander of the Third Division of the direct line, to return to the division from Hengyang, Hunan Province, and persuade Cao Kun, Zhang Zuolin, Wang Zhanyuan, Chen Guangyuan, Li Chun, Wang Tingzhen, and others to declare war against Duan Qirui, so that the Anhui clan failed, Duan Qirui stepped down, and President Xu Shichang fled to Tianjin.
The cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China draws a red line
Sun Hongyi was an early friend of the Communists. In November 1910, Li Dazhao participated in the Constitutional Movement and became acquainted with Sun Hongyi, who had long known about Li Dazhao's profound knowledge and became friends. In June 1916, Sun Hongyi was appointed Chief of Education in the new cabinet of the Beijing government. In July, he was reappointed As Interior Minister. Sun Hongyi invited Li Dazhao, who had just returned to China, to Beijing to found the Morning Bell Newspaper and serve as editor-in-chief, which played a tremendous role in propagating the ideas of patriotism and democracy, exposing the collusive behavior of warlords, bureaucrats, and politicians, and arousing national awakening.
At the beginning of 1922, Sun Hongyi brokered a bridge and arranged for Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, and Ma Lin, a representative of the Comintern, to meet with Sun Yat-sen many times in his home, Sanyili, Taiping Bridge, shanghai, the French Concession, to promote the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation.
Sun Yat-sen's letter to Sun Hongyi
Faithful and loyal
In the April 12 coup d'état of 1927, a large number of Communists were killed. Because Sun Hongyi was one of the advocates of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, he was listed by the Nationalist government in Nanjing. In 1930, Yan Xishan, commander-in-chief of the Third Army and commander of the Pingjin Garrison, ordered Tianjin Mayor Cui Tingxian to deceive Sun Hongyi into leasing and detain him in the name of being a guest. Sun Hongyi was later rescued from prison by many friends.
After the September 18 Incident, the Nanjing government invited different parties to convene a national disaster conference in Luoyang in April 1932, at which Sun Hongyi advocated a declaration of war on Japan.
Sun Hongyi, who had been an official for decades incorruptible government and a serious life, died of illness in Shanghai on March 26, 1936, at the age of 64. With the financial support of friends, he was buried on a hill in Xu Village, Jiuxi Eighteen Streams, Hangzhou, across the hill from the tomb of Qiu Jin, the forerunner of the democratic revolution.
Notes
During the Xinhai Revolution, Sun Hongyi, a native of Beicang, issued a call to save the country, and he put forward his revolutionary ideas: founding schools, organizing popular movements, and vigorously promoting the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, which was appreciated by Sun Yat-sen and became a close friend. In order to arouse the awakening of the nation, Sun Hongyi bravely marched forward in the bloody storm, which deserves our admiration and remembrance.
Publicity Department of Beichen District Committee (Civilization Office)
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