Huang Jun's notebook work "Flowers Follow the Sacred Nunnery of the People". Infographic
This year marks the 80th anniversary of the Battle of Songhu, in which the Chinese armed forces fought bravely, struck a blow at Japan's arrogance of clamoring for "the destruction of China in three months," and bought time for China's protracted War of Resistance. Before and after the Battle of Songhu, a highly influential espionage case occurred, and the protagonist of this case was Huang Jun, confidential secretary of the Executive Yuan of the National Government.
After Wang Jingwei defected to Japan that year, Kuomintang elder Wu Zhihui used the eight words "Qing Ben is a beautiful person, why be a thief" to rebuke Wang for defecting to the enemy and betraying the country. This sentence is also appropriate for Huang Jun.
On August 26, 1937, Huang Jun was sentenced to death for treason and publicly executed in Nanjing.
Jiangyin blockade line leak case
From August 6 to 7, 1937, more than 20 Japanese warships and merchant ships traveling and berthing in various ports along the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, including Nanjing, Jiujiang, Wuhan, Chongqing and other places, suddenly began to withdraw rapidly to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. At the same time, the Japanese expatriates in Chongqing, Wuhan, and Nanjing also suddenly stopped their activities and evacuated with The Japanese merchant ships.
When this news reached Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Kai-shek was stunned. Because this bankrupted a military operation that Chiang Kai-shek had just formulated.
After the Lugou Bridge Incident, the Japanese army advanced step by step, and the Nanjing government foresaw that the war would soon burn to the south. To this end, the Nanjing government formulated the "National Army War Guidance Plan" to cope with the development of the situation, which clearly pointed out: "While the Songhu side is carrying out war, it is necessary to block the Wusong Pass, destroy the enemy ships inside the Wusong Pass, and absolutely control it through the west of Jiangyin..."
On August 5, the day before the Japanese warships fled downstream, Chiang Kai-shek held a secret military conference in Nanjing. An important decision of the meeting was to establish a blockade line in Jiangyin.
Jiangyin was chosen as a blockade place with its natural advantages, where the narrowest part of the river surface is only 1500 kilometers, and the mountains on both sides of the river are facing each other, which has been known as the "Locked Navigation Fortress" since ancient times. At that time, Jiangyin's military facilities were also relatively good, with 5 batteries and 21 cannons on both sides of the strait, including 12 cm caliber cannons newly purchased from Germany, as well as newly purchased new howitzers and anti-aircraft guns, forming a powerful river defense fortress.
At the meeting that night, it was also agreed that the japanese troops stationed in Shanghai would be launched in mid-August. The strategy of this series of military operations is to "use speed to control the fast" and "win the opportunity first," taking advantage of the fact that the main force of the Japanese army is still in North China, taking the lead in annihilating the Japanese military forces stationed in Shanghai, and changing the direction of the Japanese invasion from north to south to east to west, so as to facilitate long-term operations.
Before launching the Shanghai Campaign, the navy first blockaded the narrowest Jiangyin fortress in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, "catching turtles in an urn," and intercepting and hunting Japanese warships that were berthing or traveling in the ports of the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River at that time, which was a perfect opportunity for China to fight the Shanghai Campaign and resist Japan.
This was the most important national defense military secret, and the meeting was attended only by Chiang Kai-shek, Wang Jingwei and several other senior officials, as well as Huang Jun, the confidential secretary who took the minutes of the meeting. By the end of the meeting, it was late at night on August 5. That night, Chiang Kai-shek immediately signed an order to issue the relevant units with special military secrets. The troops stationed in Jiangyin began to destroy the navigation signs on the surface of the Yangtze River in the Jiangyin area, lay mines, and enter a first-class combat state.
Unexpectedly, by August 7, almost all Japanese warships, merchant ships, and expatriates in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River had withdrawn. When the Chinese navy began to move, it seized only two merchant ships. A good fighter jet was lost. The plan to blockade the Fortress of Jiangyin failed before it could be implemented, much to Chiang Kai-shek's chagrin.
It is clear that japan, after making this decision, quickly obtained this important military intelligence and made a deployment, otherwise it would not have been possible to organize this major military operation so quickly. Chiang Kai-shek understood that the fact that the Japanese side knew so well about the Jiangyin blockade line showed that Japanese spies had infiltrated the military core of the Nationalist government in Nanjing, which had access to top secrets. This is the most terrible, is a big hidden danger, do not get rid of it can not be done. In a fit of rage, Chiang Kai-shek summoned Dai Kasa of the military command, Xu Enzeng of the Central Command, and Gu Zhenglun, commander of the gendarmerie and commander of the Nanjing garrison, and strictly ordered them to find out the traitors and spies who had betrayed their secrets within a time limit and severely punish them.
The Huang Jun espionage case was solved
Who is the inner ghost?
Chiang Kai-shek remembered that at the top-secret meeting on August 5, in addition to a few important members of the Central Military Commission, there was also a confidential secretary, Huang Jun. "Could it be Huang Jun?" Chiang Kai-shek asked himself.
In Chiang Kai-shek's eyes, Huang Jun was calm and capable, and there was no loophole in his work. After work, they would also have free time to chat, because Huang Jun knew everything about all kinds of palms, and Chiang Kai-shek also admired his behavior in the world. But at this time, Chiang Kai-shek could not think of anyone else.
After analysis, the commander of the gendarmerie, Gu Zhenglun, also listed the object of suspicion as Huang Jun. Huang Jun graduated from Waseda University in Japan at an early age and kept in touch with the japanese consul general in Nanjing at the time, Misakiro Suma. Gu Zhenglun entrusted the task of monitoring Huang Jun to the Second Special Police Squadron of the Police Command, a "foreign affairs group" set up by the second squadron of special police to specialize in counter-espionage work near the Japanese Consulate General in Gulou, Nanjing.
After a period of planning and working by the agents, the "Foreign Affairs Group" had a reliable internal line in both the Japanese Consulate General and the Huang Mansion, and discovered the intelligence exchange channels between Huang Jun and the Japanese Consulate General. Among them, the more covert information delivery location is in Nanjing Xuanwu Lake Park. Huang Jun usually eats chocolate during a walk, and after eating, he puts the information on the candy-wrapped paper and puts it in a tree hole in the middle of the park, where Japanese intelligence officers take the information away.
The most common way to contact is through an identical gray tweed hat. Huang Jun often went to the "International Cafe" in Xinjiekou, Nanjing, to drink coffee, and after entering the store, he hung his dark gray tweed hat with hidden information on the coat hook, and the Japanese intelligence officers would also hang a similar hat on the coat hook, and the instructions of the whiskers were hidden in the tweed hat. The Japanese intelligence officer finished his coffee and put on Huang Jun's tweed hat and left first. Huang Jun slowly finished drinking coffee, put on the rest of the hat and left. Later, Huang Jun assigned his driver to change his hat at the café instead of him.
Soon, the agents of the "Foreign Affairs Group" captured Huang Jun's driver, and found a stack of information in the mezzanine of the hat that Huang Jun had presented to Su Mo -- among them was a top-secret military order just issued by Chiang Kai-shek, and elite divisions were mobilized to move to Shanghai and Suzhou and Hangzhou to support the Songhu War of Resistance and the Yangtze River Defense Map. Gu Zhenglun reported the captured evidence of Huang Jun's espionage to Chiang Kai-shek. Jiang was furious and ordered Huang Jun to be captured.
In mid-to-late August 1937, Huang Jun was arrested at his home by agents of the Nanjing Garrison Command. The Supreme Military Tribunal tried Huang Jun's espionage case and dug up Huang Jun's traitorous clique. At the end of the month, the Supreme Military Tribunal announced the verdict against Huang Jun's japanese spy group: Huang Jun's father and son were sentenced to death for treason and sent to the Yuhuatai execution ground for execution. The Chronicle of the Republic of China records that "the Nanjing Police Headquarters and the Police Department executed 18 traitors, including Huang Jun, Luo Zhiyuan, and Mo Shuying. Huang Jun and others reported to Japan that China had blocked important military intelligence in Jiangyin, causing Japanese warships moored in various parts of the Yangtze River to flee. His son Huang Sheng, a traitor, was involved in the conspiracy and was executed at the same time. ”
Huang Junqi was once the "Mei Party"
Of course, Huang Jun's story is not over.
In 1943, a notebook work describing the characters and historical events of the late Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China, "The Remembrance of the Sacred Nunnery of Hua Suiren", was published in the Areas Occupied by Japan and The Japanese, and only 100 copies were printed due to the shortage of paper at that time. This work was written by Huang Jun. Huang Jun was a talented man of the Republic of China period, not a vain name, but a real talent and practical learning.
Huang Jun (1891–1937), courtesy name Qiuyue (秋岳), courtesy name Zhewei (哲維), courtesy name "Hua Suiren Sheng'an", was a native of Houguan (present-day Fuzhou), Fujian. Huang Jun was born in Shuxiang Mendi, his grandfather Huang Yuzhu was a qing xianfeng dynasty, and his father Huang Yanhong was a Hanlin of the Qing Guangxu Dynasty. Huang Jun can read at the age of 4, can write poetry at the age of 7, and can make big characters with his wrist hanging on his wrist at the age of 9, so he has been known as a "prodigy" since childhood.
In 1903, Huang Jun came to Beijing to study and studied at the Beijing Translation Academy. Because of his young and intelligent, he was quite appreciated by Chen Baochen, Yan Fu, Lin Shu and others. After graduating from the Beijing Translation Academy, he was awarded the title of Qipinzhangjing by the Qing court and distributed to the Ministry of Posts and Communications. After that, Huang Jun went to Dongying to study at Waseda University. During his study in Japan, he made many Japanese friends and was familiar with the political, economic and cultural situation in Japan.
After returning to China, Huang Jun served in the Beiyang government, successively serving as a clerk and counselor in the War Department, the Ministry of Communications, and the Ministry of Finance. When Liang Qichao was the chief financial officer of Duan Qirui's cabinet, Huang Jun was deeply impressed by Liang's weight and was elected secretary. Liang Qichao "praised its profoundness and thought it was an old man", and he called Liang Qichao "the hero of this world".
Huang Jun's old poetry kung fu is also one of the characters of the same light body poetry school. During his time in Beijing, he was closely related to the poetry leaders of the time, Fan Zengxiang, Chen Sanli (one of the four princes of the late Qing Dynasty, the father of Chen Yinke, a representative figure of the Tongguang poetry school, known as the last traditional poet in China), Fu Zengxiang, Luo Gong and others. There were also contacts with cultural celebrities at that time, such as Chen Shizeng, Zhang Daqian, Yang Du, Xu Zhimo, etc. At that time, Huang Jun could be called a talented man of good manners, and Wang Peijiang's "Notes on the Poetry Of Guangxuan" said that Huang Jun was "like a woman in condensed makeup, with a graceful manner".
Huang Jun has lived and served in Beijing for a long time, and has many contacts with government dignitaries and the relics of the Qing Dynasty, and is very familiar with the history and anecdotes of the political arena in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, which has accumulated material for him to write "Memories of the Sacred Nunnery of Flowers with People".
In 1928, after the fall of the Beiyang government, Huang Jun came to Nanjing, and later joined the Nanjing National Government under the support of Lin Sen, a fellow villager who had already served as a member of the Standing Committee of the National Government. In 1932, Wang Jingwei was appointed chief executive of the Nationalist government, and was close to Japan diplomatically, and Huang Jun, the "Zhiri faction", was appreciated and promoted to the position of confidential secretary of the Jianren rank, and was reused.
It was also during this period that Huang Jun became the object of Japanese attention. The Japanese Consul General in Nanjing, Miyoshiro Suma, is a well-known "China Passer" and a veteran spy who holds the title of diplomat. He often used co-optation, infiltration and other means to spy on the core secrets of the National Government. People who know Huang Jun revealed that the main reason why Huang Jun was pulled into the water was for money.
Huang Jun is a gentleman with a luxurious life, and is passionate about fireworks and willow lanes, and a life of red wine and greenery. He often entertained guests, played cards, and was a frequent guest in the Eight Hutongs when he was in Beijing, and also married famous prostitutes as concubines. This weakness of Huang Jun was caught by the Japanese, and under the temptation of money, Huang Jun soon went into the water. In order to provide valuable information, Huang Jun also dragged his son Huang Sheng from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and many compatriots and friends of the General Staff Headquarters, the Military and Political Department, and the Naval Department into the water. In the end, they ended up with a tragic end.
Huang Jun loves Peking Opera and is an important member of Mei Lanfang's super fan "Mei Dang". He also created and revised the script for Mei Lanfang several times, and acted as a staff officer, known as "Mei Lanfang's drama bag". He combined the legends and stories in the Buddhist scriptures to write the "Scattered Flowers of the Heavenly Goddess". This drama is one of Meipai's famous costume plays known for its song and dance.
Mei Lanfang also received help from Huang Jun when she created "Farewell to the Overlord", so Mei Lanfang was able to portray Yu Ji in detail. In 1930, Mei Lanfang organized a group to perform in the United States, and the couplets on both sides of the stage were from Huang Jun's hand: "The Four-Square King's Society, the Prestige of the Dream, the Grace of Five Thousand Years of Cultural Relics, the Maoqi Yuanyin Hui on this day; the Third Lingguan, the Early Yang Juncai, the Ninety Thousand Mile Boat, all by the Yale Chang sect style." The character Qiu Rubai in the movie "Mei Lanfang" is based on the art of Huang Jun, Qi Rushan and other "Mei Dang" people.
Of course, the most important thing is Huang Jun's "Memories of the Sacred Nunnery of Flowers with People". Around the 1930s, Huang Jun serialized his notebook-style articles in the Central Current Affairs Weekly magazine. At that time, the "Ta Kung Pao" supplement "Guowen Weekly" published "LingXiao Yishi Essay", which was in opposition to Huang Jun's "Flowers Follow the Sacred Nunnery of the People" and recited for the people of the time.
Later scholars affirmed the value of the "Remembrance of the Sacred Nunnery of Flowers with People", believing that this book was the first-class note-taking work since the Republic of China. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the People's Republic, the situation was turbulent, and at that time, the intellectual circles formed a wave of clean talk, and various notes were published, but there were not many works of the best quality. In 1947, Chen Yinke occasionally read "The Remembrance of the Sacred Nunnery of The Flower With the People", and sent it with feeling, giving the poem "The World Chaos Beauty is still a thief, and the remnants of the end are still ashes".
The poem Bi Chen Yin was still unfinished, and he wrote a short poem: "Qiu Yue sits on the sin of adultery and dies, and everyone in the world knows that he can be killed." However, today's view of his books is widely quoted and his judgment is precise, and in the works of the Qing Dynasty in recent times, it is actually called the best product, and no one can say anything about it. ”
Interestingly, Huang Jun has also written several articles about "adultery", such as "It is not easy to identify adulterers" and "Examination of Adultery". He examined that Japan had been sending spies to China since the Yuan Dynasty, saying that "Pi Bang had long been accustomed to buying shameless and spying on them, that is, the so-called traitors in the world ... Looking at this, we can see that in the war between our country and foreign nations, Heng is a traitor and a loser, and today it should be Jiong Jian first", for which he also put forward the idea of punishing adultery. In the text, Huang Jun also quoted a poem that satirized Qin Juniper, "A dynasty of treachery even ran south", it can be said that this poem is not only a portrayal of Qin Juniper, but also his own "self-portrait".
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