After the fall of Kaifeng in 1938, the Henan provincial government retreated all the way. First moved to Zhenping, Luoyang, then to Lushan, and then to Danshui Town, Neixiang County. In early 1945, when the Japanese army invaded Nanyang, Danshui Town bore the brunt of it, at which time the Nanjing High Command had instructed the provincial government to move to Danfenglongju Village in Shaanxi, but Liu Maoen replied: "As long as Henan still has an inch of land, it will resolutely not go out of Yu province." If all fall, take your subordinates behind enemy lines to fight guerrillas! Prefer to be a guerrilla chairman than a chairman in exile! After some investigation and argumentation, he decided to move the provincial capital to Zhuyangguan Town, Lushi County, which is located deep in the Funiu Mountains.
Luo Shujing | wen
Liu Mao'en was a native of Gong County (Gongyi) in Henan Province, and the fifth brother of Liu Zhenhua, the leader of the Zhensong Army. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he led the generals of the 15th Army to participate in the Battle of Xinkou, the Battle of Pingxingguan, the Battle of Zhongtiao Mountain, the Battle of Yuzhong and the Battle of Western Henan.
After the defeat at the Battle of Zhongtiao Mountain in May 1941, Liu Mao'en led his troops to circle the enemy for two months, ran out of ammunition and food, and finally surrounded by the Japanese army, and the situation was extremely critical. The left and right subordinates bitterly advised him to flee in disguise, but Liu Mao'en said in awe: "I am a Chinese soldier, who sacrificed his life on the battlefield, and died a glorious death, how can I seek peace for a while, lose my national integrity, and laugh at people!" Saying that he wanted to pull out his gun and kill himself, he was pulled by the left and right. Fortunately, after the wind and rain were great, the flash flood broke out, and Liu Mao'en took the opportunity to escape from danger.
In July 1944, Liu Mao'en was transferred from a soldier to the chairman of the Henan Provincial Government and the commander of the provincial security. After taking office, he insisted on not leaving the Yu Territory, moved the provincial government from Danshui Town, Neixiang County, to Zhuyangguan Town, Lushi County, which was more remote, and led a security team to flank the enemy, cover the provincial government, and cooperate with the Nationalist army to resist until the Japanese surrendered. In 1948, the People's Liberation Army captured Kaifeng, and Liu Mao'en fled the city with chicken blood on his face and makeup. He died in Taiwan in 1981 at the age of 84.
Gongyi Liu Zhenhua Manor
First, send his sons and disciples to fight in Luoyang in blood, and die nine times in a lifetime
Liu Mao'en's first visit to Lu was after the Defensive Battle of Luoyang.
In the spring of 1944, the Japanese launched the Battle of Yuzhong as part of the battle plan to open up the first line of communication on the mainland. Xuchang and the surrounding counties fell into enemy hands one after another, and Tang Enbo's army was surrounded by the enemy and led his troops to break through to the area around Lushan. The headquarters of Jiang Dingwen's commander of the First Theater of Operations, which was located in Luoyang City, was also at any time likely to be surrounded by the enemy, so he retreated to the rear of the Lu clan. In this way, the heavy responsibility of defending Luoyang fell on the officers and men of the 15th Army.
The 15th Army was Liu Mao'en's team, mostly yuxi's disciples, known for their strong personality and strong combat effectiveness. After Liu Mao'en was promoted to commander-in-chief of the 14th Army Group, the commander was succeeded by Wu Tinglin.
From May 4 to May 25, Wu Tinglin led 18,000 officers and men of the 64th and 65th Divisions of the 15th Army and the 94th Division of the 14th Army to resist the mechanized troops of the Japanese army with their flesh and blood, and the battle was very fierce. The chariots of the Japanese Kou entered our positions almost with the bodies of the warriors of both sides that filled the trenches. After 21 days and nights of bitter fighting by the 15th Army, Luoyang fell on the 25th because it was outnumbered and isolated.
According to post-war statistics, the defenders lost more than 10,000 casualties and more than 3,000 were wounded and captured. A total of more than 20,000 enemy vehicles were killed and more than 60 enemy tanks were destroyed. After the breakthrough, only 316 officers and 1795 soldiers remained. Among them, geng zhen, the leader of the "Hanaoka Rebellion" that later shook the Japanese government and opposition, was the captain company commander who was wounded and captured in the defense of Luoyang.
After the fall of Luoyang, Liu Mao'en, who had been commanding the battle on the periphery, led a special service battalion to retreat to Lushi. In Luoning County, they were besieged and robbed by local armed forces Wang Xizhong. Liu Mao'en personally came forward to persuade him, but it was still to no avail. The other side gathered more and more, and even rushed to the secret service camp to grab guns. Finally, under the coordination of the local gentry, Liu Mao'en's post was handed over, and it was passed. But the headquarters' entourage was almost wiped out.
On this day, Liu Mao'en led his troops to Fanli Town, Lushi County, through luoning shangge tianjian eighteen plates, and just wanted to stop and catch their breath, only to see the spy report Pegasus lai, saying: "The Japanese have arrived in Lipu!" Liu Mao'en was shocked, angry and anxious, and shouted loudly: "Nonsense! How can the Japanese run so fast, you lie about military information and disturb people's hearts! "After saying that, he pulled out a pistol and shot the spy to bring down the spy. Lipu is less than ten miles away from Fanli Town, so did the Japanese chase after the ass?
At this time, gunshots suddenly sounded from the top of the south mountain. According to experienced officers and soldiers, this is the sound of Japanese machine guns. Liu Mao'enli ordered a transfer, crossed the Luo River to the north, and left a company of troops to occupy the highlands on the edge of the village to cover the evacuation. Because of the accident, hundreds of officers and men of the headquarters rushed to the luo river, scrambling to make a mess. Seeing this, Liu Mao'en summoned Wang Dantong, commander of the machine gun company, to him, slapped him twice, ordered him to quickly straighten out the line, and personally commanded the officers and men of various units of the headquarters to line up in four columns in turn and cross the river smoothly.
In this way, in the sound of random gunfire, a neat line crossed the Luo River in an orderly manner and moved north. Later, according to the local people, there was indeed a japanese army that circled around the Song County and Luan River, and when they saw the river crossing troops so neatly on the top of the mountain, they thought that there must be a large army ambushing them, and they did not dare to go down the mountain.
On this night, the Luo family compound in Fengjiawan Village, Duguan Town, Lushi County, was brightly lit. Liu Mao'en led a special agent battalion to rest here. Said to be a battalion, in fact there was only a company of people. The maroon horse that Liu Maoen rode, the horse's paw had fallen off, and the horse's hooves were blurred with flesh and blood. He had to leave the horse to recuperate, and then my grandfather personally sent it to Danshui Town, Neixiang County.
This night he did not sleep much, but rested here for a few hours, and at dawn he went from Guojiagou in Duguan Town to Lingbao Zhuyang, and then from there to Xi'an. A month later, Jiang Dingwen, commander of the First Theater, was removed from his post, Tang Enbo, deputy commander-in-chief, was removed from his post, and Liu Mao'en, commander-in-chief of the 14th Army, was transferred to the post of chairman of the Henan Provincial Government and commander of the province's security.
Photo of Liu Mao'en when he was the commander of the 15th Army
It was on this night that Liu Mao'en called for the establishment of a reserve team at the local level. He said, "The Japanese have reached the doorstep of their homes, and reserve teams must be set up everywhere to prepare for a long-term fight with the Japanese." And left more than 10 guns and 50 boxes of German long-handled grenades. My grandfather was appointed as the captain of the Duguan Squadron of the Lushi County Reserve Brigade, leading the villagers to build a bunker and build a wall to protect their hometown.
Liu Mao'en, who was born in the military, attaches great importance to giving play to the role of local armed forces. In March 1945, he led the security team and the Wanxi Militia Regiment to assist the Nationalist army in fighting a vicious battle at the mouth of the Xixia Pass, and since then the confrontation between the enemy and the enemy has been a model. Of course, this also lays the foundation for trouble. Later, in the Kuomintang civil war, local militia groups such as the reserves and the New Fourth Army and later the People's Liberation Army in the Central Plains broke through to the death. When the land reform town was reversed, Henan was designated as a "bandit area" and was brutally liquidated, which was not unrelated to Liu Maoen's presidency of the Yu government.
Second, it is better to be a guerrilla chairman than a chairman in exile!
Liu Mao'en went to Lu's for the second time and stayed for a long time.
After the fall of Kaifeng in 1938, the Henan provincial government retreated all the way. First moved to Zhenping, Luoyang, and then to Lushan. In the summer of 1944, as the war situation worsened, it was moved to Danshui Town, Neixiang County.
In early 1945, the Japanese army invaded Nanyang, Danshui Town bore the brunt of it, and the provincial government had to find a new site. At this time, the Nanjing Headquarters instructed the provincial government to move to Danfenglongju Village in Shaanxi. It is only a few tens of miles away from Danshui Town. But Liu Mao'en replied: "As long as Henan still has an inch of land, it will resolutely not go out of the Yu Territory." If all fall, take your subordinates behind enemy lines to fight guerrillas! Prefer to be a guerrilla chairman than a chairman in exile! After some investigation and argumentation, he decided to move the provincial capital to Zhuyangguan Town, Lushi County, which is located deep in the Funiu Mountains.
ZhuyangGuan is located 66 kilometers south of Lushi County, and is the throat road to Nanyang and Xiangfan. The Anti-Japanese War Highway Lu (Shi) West (Gorge) Highway runs along the mountain from the north side of the street, and there is the Yazipo Fortress in the south of the town and the Yaguanling Pass in the east of the town. The town is located in a small basin of river valley, surrounded by mountains, the Old Stork River flows leisurely from the south of the town, a street about three miles long from east to west, scattered with merchants, shops, Guandi Temple, and primary schools. Here is a beautiful scenery, simple folk customs, since ancient times the commercial prosperity, is an important station for porters, horse gangs, but also more than 100 miles around the commercial and trade distribution center.
Today's Lu's Zhuyangguan
As early as the autumn and winter of 1944, the provincial government was ready to move to Zhuyangguan, ordering the lu and neixiang counties to recruit thousands of migrant workers to brave the cold day and night to build more than 300 simple grass houses in Zhuyangguan Street and nearby villages as official buildings, and sent Geng Chuntai (Lu people), secretary of the provincial government construction department, to personally supervise the design. In February of the following year, the construction project was completed, and new houses were completed in Lingdong, Wangdian, Nansi, Dudian, Mojiaying Village and Jiexi Pogen near Zhuyangguan. In the middle of the month, Qi Zhenru, secretary general of the provincial government, was in charge, and the provincial government was relocated from Danshui Town, Neixiang County, to here, except for a small number of public goods such as files and archives, which were transported by vehicles, almost all the personnel were on foot, and the relocation was completed in early April of that year.
At that time, the provincial government organs included "four halls and eight major departments" (the Department of Civil Affairs, the Department of Finance, the Department of Construction, the Department of Education, the Secretariat, the Accounting Department, the Police Department, the Field and Grain Department, the Transportation Department, the Health Department, the Cultural and Educational Department, and the Personnel Office), as well as the Henan National Daily Newspaper, the Provincial Party Department, the Three Youth Leagues, the Military District, and the Security Headquarters. Thousands of people flocked to the town, and their staff and dependents have exceeded more than half of the population of Zhuyangguan Town, and the once remote and quiet town is suddenly bustling. However, even if the villages around the town were densely packed with official houses, they could not accommodate them, so other affiliates and their families were scattered in the houses of the villages in various lanes.
The country is in trouble, and honor and disgrace are shared. The Zhuyangguan people, who knew the great righteousness, were crowded with these unusual guests, and even the cattle pen and sheep pen they had roughly cleaned were full of people.
After the provincial government came to the town, its food, clothing, housing, and cultural life naturally brought great influence to here. Their grain was continuously transported from other counties, small commodities and vegetables had to be purchased on the spot, and the local trade industry quickly flourished.
According to the recollections of several elderly people on the street, at that time, the merchants on both sides of the east and west streets were lined up, restaurants and restaurants came into being, hotel bathhouses were overwhelmed, and vegetable farmers and vendors filled the street market. A troupe was set up in the town, and every night they acted in the theater. Provincial government personnel also often hold literary and art evenings at Zhuyangguan Primary School. They played foreign instruments such as violins and brass pipes, peking opera and songs, and talked about cross-talk and sketches. Sometimes, with the dance music played on the phonograph, pairs of pairs embraced each other and danced, which really opened the eyes of the people in the mountains.
The provincial government is located in Zhuyangguan, but the highest official, Liu Maoen, lives in Beiwan Village, Sangping Town, Xixia County, 30 miles away. He said that he would personally lead the provincial security team to form a front-line command post and defend the area around Beiwan Village, implicate the Japanese army, and cover the army and the provincial capital. It is said that Yu Shuheng, a large landowner in Beiwan Village, is his cousin and it is safer to live there.
When I was working in Zhuyangguan in 1997, I specialized in sanitation for a while. Every time they go to the street to check the hygiene, the old people say how clean the provincial government was when it was here. Chen Jifu, a retired teacher, recalled that at that time, all the street houses were painted with white and gray walls, and the broken walls and walls had to be repaired. Each household must have a light blue Taiping water tank at the entrance, filled with water all day long, one for fire prevention, and the other for sprinkling water in the morning and evening to sweep the floor. If you find that the ground in front of the door is dry or there is debris, you will be fined.
Interestingly, in order to kill flies, they asked street residents to eliminate two or two flies every day, and to collect them door to door every evening, saying that they were not enough to be fined. Some residents are afraid that they will not have enough scales, and they have come up with a way to mix flies with sand and dip water. After listening to it, I couldn't help but sigh secretly, it seems that engaging in the face project is not only our party, but also the Kuomintang.
Speaking of Liu Mao'en, the old people showed respect and said that he was "a big tall man, riding a tall horse, very stylish." They also relished the scene when Liu Mao'en came to inspect. It is said that one morning, the various organs of the provincial government notified the residents and shops on the street to sprinkle water and sweep the floor, scrub and tidy up the façade, which was cleaner than the New Year. While discussing, the common people speculated: Which high official is coming today? Men, women and children stood on the side of the street watching the bustle. At about 12:00 noon, I saw a man riding a jujube red high-headed horse, accompanied by the guards of the guard company and the governor of the provincial government, patrolling from the east end of Zhuyangguan Street to the west end of the street. Finally, get off the horse at the Mawang Temple in the center of the street and walk towards the provincial government compound. Later, people learned that this high official was Liu Mao'en.
The only photo Liu Mao'en left behind in Lu's
Unfortunately, the provincial government only stayed here for less than half a year, and Japan surrendered. On August 15, 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender, and the provincial government organs held a huge celebration in Zhuyangguan Street. A large monument was erected at the intersection of The West Street, and liu Mao'en wrote the four Han characters of "Ancient Town Baojie" written by Liu Maoen himself as a memorial to this temporary provincial capital that contributed to the War of Resistance at the most difficult and crucial moment. A month later, Liu Mao'en led the whole class of the provincial government to leave Lu's Zhuyang Pass, and then returned to Kaifeng through Luoyang and Zhengzhou.
What was left for Zhu Yangguan, in addition to a few stele stones and hundreds of empty and desolate grass houses, there were also positive and negative meanings that could not be chewed up, right? During my work in Zhuyangguan, I deeply felt that Zhuyangguan people are well-informed, whether they are eating and dressing, talking and doing things, or their way of thinking, they are more "foreign plates", and Zhuyangguan also has more people working outside. This is probably related to the fact that the provincial government has been stationed here, right?
3. He presided over the Yu government for two years, but was defeated and killed due to the defeat in the civil war
The day of victory is celebrated by the whole country. However, Liu Mao'en was very sober-minded, and he immediately held a local "decision-making meeting" at Zhuyangguan, where he was stationed, to deploy for the defense of the communists.
Attending the meeting were the heads of the military, government, party, regiment, and local public opinion organs. He pointed out that after the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the CCP's forces were ten times stronger than they were in Jiangxi, and they regarded themselves as if they were taking advantage of the government's busyness to take over the opportunity to quickly seize the major cities, and Henan, the "land of the four sides," bore the brunt of it. He also asserted that "after the surrender of the Japanese Kou, it will be the beginning of a more miserable life for our people", "so we must quickly concentrate all our efforts, mobilize the whole people, and work hard to ensure the victory of the War of Resistance and strengthen the preparations for the bandits."
He also called on all levels to "organize propaganda and consolation missions, march concurrently into the occupied areas, comfort the people, allocate relief funds, and exercise political power." In the area of control, it is necessary to strengthen the force of self-defense and indeed control of materials. With regard to the areas where the bandits and ourselves have been in contact, it is necessary to implement the bunker policy, strengthen the work of dispatching spies, and establish a political organization after the bandits, and we must also act as we do with the areas under our control. ”
Many people at the meeting were quite dissatisfied, some thought he was too worried; some said that he did not understand politics and longed for war all the time; and others thought that the government "could give up arms with the communist bandits and cooperate with them." Only a few people agreed with his judgment. In fact, everything that followed went according to his expectations.
According to my father, my grandfather went to Zhuyangguan in the autumn of 1945 to attend a meeting chaired by Liu Mao'en. At that time, Grandpa took a few escorts, rode the family's mule, crossed the Luo River from Lu county town, along the south bank of the river through Hengjian Seven Inch Street, Depot Village, and then over the Old Boundary Ridge, over the WuliChuan Wa Cave, out of the Yutang Ditch mouth to the east, through Dudian and finally to Zhuyang Pass. It took 7 days to come and go on the road alone. I asked my father what happened to my grandfather when he came back, and he said that after he came back, the street began to repair the village. After grandpa returned, he also told a joke, saying that Jiang Dingwen and Tang Enbo were discussed at the meeting, "Wen is pulp (Jiang) soup, Wu is soup pulp (Jiang)", which means a pair of stupid eggs.
Liu Mao'en took a group photo with his former colleagues in the 15th Army in Taiwan
The building will fall, and it will be difficult to support it alone. As a professional soldier, Liu Mao'en spent his life on the Northern Expedition, rebellion, anti-Japanese resistance, and investigation of chaos, and his meritorious service. As a Kuomintang member, he was also unambiguous in "suppressing the Communists." He participated in the encirclement and suppression of Fang Zhimin, attacked Xu Xiangqian, and also took down more than a dozen military stations from the Taihang Mountains of the Eighth Route Army to Shichi overnight, as well as suppressed the student tide.
In the last two years of his presidency of the Yu government, between the wars, he actively blocked the Yellow River Garden Mouth and broke the embankment, appeased the localities, appeased the people, and formulated many construction plans. However, with the defeat of the Kuomintang and the liberation of the mainland as a whole, his political ideals and political ambitions were also destroyed.
About the author: Luo Shujing, female, born in the 1960s, now lives in Lushi County, Sanmenxia City; she loves literature and history, works tirelessly, and has written many long and short works.
Editor: Yunji Image source: Network
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