In the first two articles, the connection between King Mu of Zhou and the two protagonists in this series of articles: Xi'an and Luoyang, was talked about. Naturally, each has its own sayings, and it is not a rigorous study of historical facts, and it continues to express its own views. During the reign of King Mu of Zhou, King Mu moved the capital from "Fenghao" to "Western Zheng", and "Chengzhou" and "Luoyi" continued to assume the political role of being in the middle of the world and consolidating the stability of the Territory of the Zhou Dynasty! I always believe that during the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty adopted a very obvious "double capital" dual-core system!
There are different views on how many years King Mu lived, and there will be no discussion. However, according to the "Ancient Bamboo Book Chronicle", "Fifty-five years later, Wang Zhi was in the Gion Palace. The meaning should be that it collapsed and was buried in "Xizheng". One thing I think is quite interesting, in the "Bamboo Book Chronicle", the word "Zhi", for example, when writing about the famous king of the Shang Dynasty "Wu Ding", he once wrote: "Fifty-nine years, Zhi." When it is written to King Wu of Zhou, there is: "In the tenth month of winter, there was February, Wang Zhi, the year ninety-four." Obviously, the general meaning of the word "陟" should be a statement of the death of the king, similar to "collapse". However, I checked many related interpretations of the word "陟", none of which have a similar meaning, and the more uniform statement is the meaning of climbing upwards, which is also very consistent with the pictographic characteristics of our national ancient Chinese script. So, if we take the literal meaning of "陟" and combine it with the context in the Bamboo Book Chronicle, does it mean "ascension"? After all, the upward limit is also the god.
Idle out a few words, continue to talk. After King Mu's death, his son "Ji Yi (yi)yi" succeeded to the throne, known in history as King Gong of Zhou (also known as King Gong of Zhou), but the place where "King Gong" succeeded to the throne was in "Fenghao". Moreover, from King Gong onwards, all the historical books related to the Zhou Dynasty seem to have no records of "Western Zheng" and politics, from which I can judge that when King Mu frequently marched north and toured the west, his son had gradually transferred his power to the previous capital "Fenghao", and it is even possible that only when King Mu was in "Western Zheng", he temporarily exercised the functions of the capital here, and once King Mu traveled, the "prince" and the clans were still more accustomed to going to "Fenghao" activities. Therefore, after the death of the previous king, the new king did not succeed to the throne before the king, but returned to the "Fenghao", which shows that during the zhou dynasty, the capital of the zhou also moved back to the old place. Being able to hand over so quickly and smoothly also proves from another aspect that the "Fenghao" at that time should still retain the administrative structure of the original capital, and even some old-school royal aristocrats are waiting for such a day that the King of Zhou will move the capital back to this place. In the end, it also got its wish.
In this case, no matter which way of saying it is, the time for which "Fenghao" lost its status as a national capital was at most fifty-five years. In these fifty-five years, due to the continuous conquest of King Mu of Zhou, the territory of the Zhou Dynasty was further expanded, but after years of conquest, the national strength also seriously declined. At the same time, King Mu's tough foreign policy also caused the neighboring states to change their previous respect for the Zhou Dynasty, and many estrangements slowly arose. This was very evident during the reign of King Mu of Zhou and the reign of King Gong of Zhou. Since most of the content doesn't have much to do with our Tale of Two Cities, it's not too much to dwell on.
King Gong of Zhou reigned for twenty-three years, and after his death, he was succeeded by his son "Ji Yuan(jian)". He is known as King Yi of Zhou. If you look at it from the "Tanfa", the annotation of this "Yi" character is: "Gentle and virtuous." Sexual purity. "It belongs to the Middle. But I think, in other words, that is to say, this monarch has no ability, and he has not made any big mistakes. However, later generations generally believed that this "Yi" character was a "satire" of the cowardice of the seventh generation monarch of the Zhou Dynasty, believing that he did not keep the inheritance of his predecessors, causing the Zhou Dynasty to gradually decline. And this, we have to start from the Zhou Dynasty's relocation of the capital again.
In the previous article, I have written that the Zhou Dynasty experienced the relocation of the capital many times before the "Ping King moved east", so there is also the saying of "five moves and six capitals". These six are "Qiyi", "Chengyi", "Fengyi", "Hojing", "Xizheng" and "Inuqiu". Before King Yi of Zhou, the most recent capital was, of course, his grandfather King Mu of Zhou moved the capital to "Western Zheng", and then his father moved back to "Fenghao", but in any case, this was only because of domestic policies and even personal preferences. However, the incident of moving the capital to "Inuqiu", which occurred in the fourth year of King Yi of Zhou (896 BC), was the first time since the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty that it chose to voluntarily abandon its capital for fear of foreign enemies and was forced to move the capital!
In the "History of Zhou Benji", there are very few records about King Yi of Zhou, and the full text is only twenty words: "The king of Gong collapsed, and the king of Ziyi was difficult to stand." At the time of King Yi, the royal family declined, and the poet made a stab. It can be seen that Tai Shi Gong really has nothing to say about it. The "Bamboo Book Chronicle", which has always been a minimalist record, is more recorded. "King Yi, Mingjian." In the first month of the first year, the king took the throne. Heaven again dan In Zheng. Seven years later, Xi Rong invaded the pickaxe. Thirteen years later, the Zhai people invaded Qi. Fifteen years later, Wang Zizong moved to Huaili. Seventeen years later, Lu Li was promoted to the rank of Duke. Twenty-one years later, Duke Yu's division northern expedition to Inuyasha was defeated. Twenty-five years, Wang Zhi. In the life of king Yi, there was no way to live in the world, and from time to time, the Hu clan could not share their duties, so the princes took virtue. It can be seen from the Bamboo Book, "Fifteen years later, Wang Zizong moved to Huaili. "Then let's talk about this "Acacia" first.
"Huaili", in fact, is also known as "Dog Hill", which was renamed "Waste Hill" by Qin, and liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao, renamed it "Huaili". Its general location has long been considered to be the city of Xingping under the jurisdiction of the present-day Xianyang City in Shaanxi Province, which was the "Fufeng County" in ancient times. However, in 2019, the "Dongmafang Ruins" located in dongmafang village in the former Chang'an District of Xi'an, which is now in the "Xixian New Area", are closer to the actual location of the "abandoned hill". After reviewing some relevant records, in my opinion, I personally prefer that in the Zhou period, "Inuyasha" should be in the current Xingping. There are two main reasons, the first is: in many historical documents such as the "Records of History", the incident of King Yi's relocation of the capital to "Inuqiu" is clearly recorded, and there should be no falsehood. Looking at the current geographical area, if the Zhou capital "Dog Hill" is identified as being in the "Dongmafang Ruins", then the relocation of the capital of King Yi of Zhou is actually completely unnecessary. Because although no large-scale ruins in line with the establishment of the Capital of the Zhou Dynasty have been found in the "Fenghao Ruins", it has been relatively common to think that "Fenghao" is undoubtedly here. And "Ho Kyo" and "Fengyi" are separated by a "Fengshui", which has always been classified as a city. Judging from the distance between the "Fenghao Ruins" and the "Dongmafang Ruins", the distance is also too close, and it is a matter of several hours on foot. If it is said that this move is to avoid barbarian invasion, then what role can such a small distance play?
The second reason is the "Dongmafang Ruins" itself. As a national key cultural relics protection unit, the archaeological value of the "Dongmafang Site" is naturally very high. However, from the existing archaeological findings, especially the content that has been made public, it is more recognized that it is basically recognized as the "abandoned hill" of the "Qin" period, and although its relics are large, most of them seem to be identified as the middle of the Warring States period. And the King of Zhou Yi is in the second half of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and there are still hundreds of years in between, and it is not reasonable to judge the historical location of the Western Zhou Period by the "ruined hill" from which "Qin" originated. Therefore, I am still more inclined to the earliest version, that is, the "Dog Hill" of the Zhou Mu King's time, and it is more likely that Fuzhai Township is about 4 kilometers southeast of Xingping City in the Xianyang region of present-day Shaanxi.
Although there seem to be some different statements on this, I think that from another perspective, it does not seem to be too controversial, because if you are familiar with the geography of this area, it is easy to judge. Whether it is Xingping or Fengxi New City, the distance between the two places is actually very close, even in the Zhou Dynasty, where transportation is not convenient, this distance can be fully understood as the same area. Therefore, this time the capital of King Yi of Zhou actually moved the capital to the northwest for tens of kilometers, and if it is judged by the current broad area, it can also be considered that it is still in the junction area of xi'an city and Xianyang city. Attributing it to Xi'an or Xianyang doesn't seem to make much of a difference geographically. At least, according to the division of "Gyeonggi" in the Western Zhou Dynasty, it still belonged to the royal control area. It is also within the same Gyeonggi range, and the distance is so close, it seems a bit far-fetched to say that it is a capital move.
After talking about "Inuyasha", then talk about the reason why King Yi of Zhou moved the capital. A few sentences in the "Bamboo Book Chronicle" can be said to directly tell the three important reasons for moving the capital! The first is "Heaven again Dan Yu Zheng." Regarding this explanation, it is now more widely recognized that the so-called "heaven and day" is actually a very rare astronomical phenomenon, that is, the total solar eclipse that occurs at "midnight" (between 5-7 o'clock in the morning), because it occurs at dawn, so it gives people the feeling that after dawn, this process from darkness to light is repeated again! Therefore, the conclusion of "heaven and day again" was drawn. This is, of course, the astronomical account of our great ancestors, and we have always been ahead of the world in this field. Of course, this belongs to other disciplines, and in this article, there is not much to say. We don't understand.
Considering people's cognition of "natural vision" at that time, this is of course a very incomprehensible thing, so it will inevitably cause some panic. As mentioned in the previous article, during the reign of King Zhou Zhao, there were also some visions in Hojing, such as the water in the river, well, spring, and pond at the same time, and the water in the well actually overflowed outside the well, and then the palace and the people's houses and mountains and rivers shook. At night, five colors of light entered the purple emblem constellation, all over the place, all blue and red, and the sky could not see twenty-eight houses. The ancients believed that the celestial signs and the human world were superficial, and the lack of royal paths led to the multiplication of visions. Therefore, there was an evaluation of King Zhao's "slight lack of royal road". Now it seems that some people with astronomical knowledge will naturally understand that these are natural phenomena such as lunar eclipses. But at the time, it must have been a very big thing. King Zhao was thus recognized as "the slight lack of the king's way", and the king of Yi naturally did not dare to despise it, so he had the idea of moving the capital.
If the "natural vision" is the root cause, then the other two are the direct cause of the Yi King's move to the capital, that is, "seven years, Xi Rong invaded the pickaxe." Thirteen years later, the Zhai people invaded Qi. From the current geographical point of view, if the invasion of "Fenghao" of "Xirong" is really in the west, then the first to be attacked should be the current Baoji and Xianyang areas, that is, "Zhouyuan", "Xizheng" and "Inuqiu" and other places, but it can be recorded that the so-called west in the "Xirong" sphere of influence at that time was only referred to by later generations in the extensive Central Plains, and for the "Fenghao" at that time, the relatively more accurate direction should be the northwest. This also verified from another perspective why when King Mu of Zhou fought with Inuyasha, he would go north from Luoyi and then west. Only in this way could the invasion of the "Rong Clan" first reach "Fenghao" and not to "Inuyasha" and "Zhou Yuan".
As for this "Zhai person", according to the title, it seems that it should be the "Zhai State" or "Zhai Di" that fought wars with Zhou during the reign of King Wen. According to records, this "Zhai" was a more powerful tribe in the early Zhou Dynasty, and the Zhou tribe moved to Qidi because of the struggle with it. Some existing historical materials attribute this "Zhai" area to Yulin City in the north of Shaanxi Province and northwestern Shanxi, so from this geographical point of view, they can attack "Qiyi", which can only be said to be in line with the direction of attack, but it seems that it should also reach "Fenghao" first. But it is also understandable that different tribes have different offensive routes. Then, in this situation of severe foreign invasion, in order to maintain the dynastic regime, it is completely reasonable to move the capital for a short time! However, there is a very important question that needs to be raised, that is, in this case, why did King Yi of Zhou choose to move the capital to "Inuyasha"?
Very unreasonable!
Regardless of where the exact location of the "InuYasha" was moved, one thing is certain that it must be in the middle of present-day Xi'an and Xianyang. It is also recorded that Yi Wangqian chose a place closer to "Zhou Yuan" to avoid the invasion of "Fenghao" by foreign races. Then, if it is true in the "Bamboo Book Chronicle", the situation at that time was that "Zhou Yuan" was attacked by "Zhai People", and "FengHao" was attacked by "Xi Rong", considering from any strategic way of thinking, at this time, the King of Zhou should not move the capital to an area between two areas attacked by foreign races, then wouldn't it be masochistic to put himself in a situation where he was attacked by the enemy on his stomach and back? In this case, if the "Fenghao" is attacked from the northwest, and at the same time the qidi further west is also in danger, of course, it should be east. In the east itself, there is a complete capital of the country "Chengzhou" Luoyi! Why did King Yi of Zhou do the opposite, and must move the capital to a "dog hill" with a smaller strategic depth? Isn't that weird?
There are also many versions of this theory that Yi Wang moved the capital. I am personally very interested in one of these views, that is, it is very likely that King Yi of Zhou at that time did not take the initiative to move the capital, but was exiled by a coup d'état. This statement originates from the relevant views of Mr. Li Feng, a retired professor who was formerly from Beijing Normal University and later worked in the Beijing Military Region. Professor Li believes that there are great doubts about the order in which King Yi of Zhou succeeds to the throne and the subsequent King of Zhou. In the "History of Zhou Benji", it is recorded: "King Yi beng, the brother of the king of Gong, was established for the king of filial piety. Xiao Wang Beng, the prince of Fu Li Yi Crown Prince Xie, was the King of Yi. In other words, after King Yi, it was not his son who succeeded to the throne, but was succeeded by his father's brother "Ji Peifang", known in history as "King Xiao of Zhou". After the death of King Xiao of Zhou, it was not the succession to the throne, but through the "restoration of the princes", it was through the "restoration of the princes" that The son of King Yi, Ji Xie, inherited the throne, that is, the "King of Zhou Yi". Judging from this very strange succession process, it is very likely that during the reign of King Yi of Zhou, "Ji Peifang" launched a coup d'état at "Fenghao", but did not kill his own nephew, but found a place to exile and put him under house arrest.
This brings us to the place of "Inuyasha". In Later Qin it was renamed "Abandoned Hill". What is this place for? Those who have read the novel "Great Qin Empire" should have the impression that this place is the base camp of the Zhou royal family to raise horses, and it was here that the first monarch of Qin, "Feizi", was discovered and appreciated by King Xiao of Zhou. Such a place for raising horses, and between the three former capitals of Guanzhong, "Qiyi", "Fenghao" and "Xizheng", there is no danger to defend, there is no sect to find, no matter how you look at it, it does not look like a place suitable for establishing a national capital at a time of national crisis. Moreover, from the perspective of archaeological discoveries, the discoveries corresponding to the Zhou Yi King's period in the so-called "Dog Hill" area do not have much corresponding to the establishment of the capital of the country, but most of them are in the middle of the Warring States period, so it is indeed not like the capital of a great dynasty. To say that it is surveillance and house arrest, it is very appropriate, not only under the nose of "Fenghao", not afraid of your wind and waves, but also do not let you get too close to the "Zhou Yuan" where the old royal family and relatives gathered, and you in the province have the support of the old aristocratic forces, which is also a double insurance. Regarding this statement, please consult Professor Li Feng's article with the opportunity, the content is very rich and interesting during the period, but it is not too much related to the topic of this article, so it is not much to say.
According to this view, the so-called "Yi King's relocation of the capital to Inuqiu" is actually just an illusion fabricated by the later successor King Xiao of Zhou in order to cover up the fact of his "usurpation of power coup". Then it also shows that at this time, the "Fenghao" still exists as the capital of the Zhou Dynasty, "Zong Zhou". In this way, in my opinion, from King Mu, the capital of the Zhou Dynasty was still located in "Fenghao", until King Ping of Zhou!