I. Multiple Choice Questions (2 points per sub-question, 40 points for 20 sub-questions)
1. "This treaty was imposed on the vanquished by the victors under the muzzle of the gun, and it is not as carefully considered as is usually found in the international agreements between Europe and the United States. The most ironic thing is that opium, which was the direct cause of this war, is not mentioned at all. "The material ( )
A． The inequality of the Treaty of Nanking was pointed out
B． The root causes of the Opium Wars are revealed
C． Explains the origin of the name of the Opium War
D． It reflects the establishment of China's diplomatic treaty system
2. The Treaty of Nanking stipulates that China shall agree with Britain on the taxes paid by British merchants on import and export goods. This explains ( )
A. China has lost its tariff autonomy
B. China's semi-colonization has greatly deepened
C. The great powers set off a frenzy to divide China
D. The Qing government was reduced to a "court of foreigners"
3. Some people say that the Second Opium War launched by Britain and France was a "pirate expansion", which not only caused a squeezing blow to Chinese culture but also to China's economy. The following options best illustrate this point in ( )
A. Ceded Kowloon Division 1 to the United Kingdom
B. Ten additional hankou and Nanjing are added as treaty ports
C. The Anglo-French forces captured Beijing, looted and burned the Yuanmingyuan
D. Foreign ministers are stationed in Beijing
4. The following is a schematic map of the treaty ports opened after the two modern wars of aggression against China, and their changes reflect the ( )
A． China's open treaty ports are decreasing
B． The aggressive forces of the great powers ranged from the southeast coast to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
C． China went from being a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society to being completely reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society
D． The Qing government was transformed from "heavenly kingdom" to "foreigners' court"
5. The following events related to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, of which there are ( )
(1) Jintian Uprising (2) Promulgation of the "Tianchao Tianmu System" (3) Dingdu Tianjing (4) Proposal of the "New Chapter of Senior Administration"
A.(1)(2)(3) B.(2)(3)(4) C.(1)(3)(4) D.(1)(2)(3)(4)
6. The comic strip "Marionette Pulling Threads" on the right reflects the substantial changes in the relationship between the Qing Dynasty and the great powers headed by Empress Dowager Cixi in the early 20th century. Treaties that reflect this change are ( )
A. Treaty of Nanking B. Treaty of Beijing C. Treaty of Maguan D. Treaty of Xinugu
7. The following figure shows the curriculum content of a certain school founded by the Qing government, which first appeared in ( )
A. Late eighteenth century
B. 1840s
C. 1860s
D. Early twentieth century
8. Understanding causality is one of the basic requirements of historical learning. After studying the unit "Aggression of the Great Powers and the Struggle of the Chinese People", Xiaohua summarized the following causal relationships, and the mistake is ( )
A． Britain launched the Opium War – China began to degenerate into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society
B． The Second Opium War , Sun Yat-sen launched the Xinhai Revolution
C． Sino-Japanese War -- The imperialist powers set off a frenzy to divide China
D． The Eight-Power Alliance's War of Aggression against China -- The Qing Government Completely Became a "Foreigner's Court"
9. "The Western-style movement introduced the machine industry. It has cultivated a number of scientific and technological talents, stimulated the emergence and development of Chinese capitalism, and thus launched the process of China's modernization. This is a statement of the Western affairs movement ( )
A． Background B. Purpose C. Nature D. function
10. According to history, in the more than 20 years from its founding to 1893, the Steamship Merchants Bureau "counted that China's profits were less than 40 million silver taels for foreign ships." This explains the establishment of the Steamship Merchants Bureau ( )
A． Brought about progress in the transportation industry
B． The qing dynasty's national defense forces were strengthened
C． Partial resistance to the economic aggression of the great powers
D． It promoted the emergence of Chinese capitalism
11. Chen Xulu believes: "During the period of the Restoration and Reform of the Law, the first intellectuals of modern significance have appeared... They seek truth from the West, find a way out for China, and become the most conscious social force that undertakes the mission of the times. They...... In order to broaden the wisdom of China's people, the Western social science knowledge and natural science knowledge are introduced. "This illustrates the Penghu Reform Movement ( )
A． It was a great success
B． The process of China's modernization began
C． A constitutional monarchy was introduced
D． It has played a role in ideological enlightenment in society
12. The meaning of historical events reflected in the following table content ( )
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content
Start and end: 1860s-1890s
Representative figures: Yi Chen, Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang
Modern enterprises: Jiangnan General Manufacturing Bureau, Hanyang Iron Works
A． The Beginning of China's Modernization B. Promote the further development of national industries
C． Establishment of a democratic republic D. Prompted the feudal natural economy to begin to disintegrate
13. This is truly an unprecedented treaty of national subjugation! It shook all of China. In the past, our country was only defeated by the great powers of the West, but now it has been defeated by the small countries in the East, and it has failed so badly, and the treaties have been so harsh. This treaty is ( )
A． Treaty of Nanking
B． Treaty of Beijing
C． Treaty of Maguan
D． Treaty of Simgou
14. The period from 1890 to 1920 was the 30 years of profound influence on China in the world, and also the 30 years of China's great changes. Which historical event in these 30 years attempted to establish a "new system" ()
A． Westernization movement
B． Pentagram variation
C． Sino-Japanese War
D． Boxer Rebellion
15. Founded in 1854, the Ministry of Works of the British Concession in Shanghai, after more than 10 years of hard work, gradually clarified the scope of taxation, improved the means of taxation, strengthened the debt collection system, refined the tax collection standards, and obtained the consent and support of the consuls of various countries in Shanghai, and finally established a mature tax power system in 1869. Description of the matter ( )
A． China's modernization is slowly advancing
B． All countries fully supported the reform of the Qing government
C． The Foreign Affairs Movement has achieved significant results
D． The 100-Day Restoration promotes the process of rule of law
16. The Rise of China in the Twentieth Century points out: "There are usually two conditions for the awakening of a nation: First, the nation is facing or experiencing a serious crisis that it has not encountered before, and even the whole nation has been forced to the point of life and death, and the old pattern can no longer be maintained. Second, we must also see a way out for this nation, burn up new hopes, and be convinced that as long as we rise up to save the people and have the courage to change, we can change the current difficult situation. The following historical facts that can reflect the "old pattern of China in the 20th century can no longer be maintained" and "rise up to save the dead and dare to change" are ( )
A． The Treaty of Maguan and the Book on the Bus
B． Treaty of Nanking and the Foreign Affairs Movement
C． The Treaty of Xinugu and the Penghu Reform Act
D． The Xinugu Treaty and the Xinhai Revolution
17. "The Xinhai Revolution fundamentally established the political direction of China's 'democratic republic' and thus promoted the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. "This is mainly reflected in the fact that at that time ( )
A. Proposing the Three People's Principles
B. Overthrow of feudalism C. Establishment of the Republic of China and promulgation of the Provisional Covenant Law
D. Complete the revolutionary task of anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism
18. "In the early days of the reign of the Beiyang warlords, in the hazy sky of China, a spring thunder sounded, and a cultural enlightenment movement advocating science, opposing superstition, and fiercely attacking feudal etiquette broke out. The main positions of this "movement" are ( )
A． "New Youth" B. Discussion on the Improvement of Literature
C． Diary of a Madman D. The World of Labor
19. Reines wrote in A U.S. Diplomat in China: "I send specific instructions to the Consul General in Shanghai to warn the American diaspora community not to agitate or oppose this movement... No one disagrees with the aims and ideals of Chinese students, who are fighting for national freedom and new life. The performance of the initial victory of the "movement" mentioned in the material is ( )
(1) The representative of China refused to sign the peace treaty
(2) Overthrow the rule of the Beiyang warlord government
(3) The Beiyang government was forced to release the arrested students
(4) Removal of Cao Rulin and others from their posts
A．①②③ B．①②④
C.(1)(3)(4) D.(2)(3)(4)
20. "Weak countries have never had diplomacy, and they have survived in the world and let others laugh at them." The venerable master taught the whole world, and the loving mother stared at the waist without bending down. The ship is now shallow, and Chang'e no longer hates the sky. A hundred years of washing snow who can not forget, how many boys are handsome. This poem commemorates a great movement that broke out in the land of China 100 years ago. Consistent with this is ( )
A． The New Culture Movement is an unprecedented movement of ideological emancipation
B． The May Fourth Movement was a thorough anti-imperialist and anti-feudal patriotic movement
C． The founding of the Communist Party of China was a groundbreaking event in China's history
D． The Boxer Rebellion was the general outbreak of the Chinese people's indignation against the aggression of the great powers for many years
II. Material Questions (10 points on 21 questions, 7 points in 22 questions, 13 points in 23 questions, a total of 30 points)
21. (10 points) Read the material and answer the questions.
China's economic superiority has a long history, but it is powerless against erosion in three areas. First, foreign suppliers and marketers can take advantage of the opium market. Second, they could find alternatives to Chinese imports — making their own porcelain and silk, growing their own rhubarb, and growing tea elsewhere, such as India and Sri Lanka. Finally, they used industrial mechanization to surpass Chinese production. All of these changes occurred in the 19th century. In the long run, the last of these changes is the most significant. Because China cannot mechanize production.
—Fernandez Amesto, The World: A History
From the perspective of influence, the impact of the West in the 19th century played a greater role in promoting the transformation of traditional China into modern China than the arrival of European explorers and missionaries in the 16th and 17th centuries.
——Xu Zhongyue, "Modern Chinese History"
Material Three After the middle of Guangxu, there were many machine factories, and Ding men and women went to the factory to work... Livelihoods are increasing day by day, while those who specialize in weaving and weaving are seeing fewer and fewer. What followed was that the hearts of the people of the world were getting farther and farther away from the ancient road, "women coveted the high price of the shanghai concession maids, flocked to it, and even abandoned their homes, and those who had not seen it were also." "Since the concession to the north, men have gradually become extravagant as traders, and women have rarely survived by working with yarn and teaching."
——Chen Xulu, "Metabolism of Modern Chinese Society"
(1) According to Material 1, the reasons for China's loss of "economic advantage" in the 19th century are outlined. (3 minutes)
(2) Based on the material two and combined with the knowledge learned, tell what the impact of the West on China in the 19th century was. Summarize the impact of the "19th-century Western shock" on China's economic transformation. (5 minutes)
(3) What social phenomenon does Material 3 reflect? (2 minutes)
22. (7 points) Read the following materials and answer questions.
In 1898, the diehards taught Kang Youwei that the law of the ancestors could not be changed! Kang Youwei replied: The law of the ancestors was used to govern the land of the ancestors, and the times have changed, and the law of the ancestors must change!
At the beginning of his studies, Kang Youwei paid special attention to the evolution of China's political system and the study of various classics. He has been to Hong Kong and Shanghai, and when he saw the local administration of the Westerners, he felt that this kind of administration must have a background and a fountain of cultural ideas.
The Materials Three Dimensions Reform Movement failed, but it played a role in ideological enlightenment in society. In the new-style schools and academies that opened Western studies in that period, there were prominent figures of the democratic revolution, such as Huang Xing and Cai Yi; and the societies that arose with it introduced western scientific knowledge to the broad and intelligent people, which was almost inevitably transformed into political forces in modern China; and the reformers also put forward the idea of "discussing the vernacular as the basis of restoration", which was 20 years earlier than Hu Shi, and it can be said that many of the progressive ideas that followed were already revealed at the time of the Penghu Restoration.
(1) What is the main meaning of the "Law of the Patriarchs" in Material 1? What efforts have the Reformers made to change the "Law of the Patriarchs"? (3 minutes)
(2) According to materials 1 and 2, it is summarized that Kang Youwei advocates changing the "law of the ancestors". (2 minutes)
(3) According to material three, talk about how you understand the role of the Restoration Movement in "ideological enlightenment" in society. (2 minutes)
23. (13 points) Read the material and answer the following questions.
Material 1
Our diplomacy has failed! Once shandong is gone, it is to destroy China's territory! If China's territory is destroyed, China will die! Therefore, the academic circles lined up to the legations today to demand that all countries come out to maintain justice, and we hope that all the industrial and commercial circles in the country will rise up and try to open a national assembly, fight for sovereignty outside, and eliminate national thieves at home. The survival of China is here.
——"Declaration of the Whole Academic Community in Beijing" (drafted by Luo Jialun, a student of Peking University)
Material 2
In fact, the reason why the May Fourth Movement was first and foremost a student movement, or a youth movement, was because all social factors finally acted on the psychological state of young students and became the hub of the new culture acting on social forces
——Deng Bingyuan, "Centennial Festival of the New Cultural Movement"
Material 3
"Chen Duxiu was the commander-in-chief of the May Fourth period... During the May Fourth period, he actually led the movement, and he played a great role with a group of people in the Zhou Kingdom, such as Li Dazhao. ”
[Note] The concept of May Fourth movement here is taken in a broad sense, roughly referring to "the establishment of the Communist Party of China in the new cultural movement + may fourth movement."
(1) According to the materials and combined with the knowledge learned, the direct causes of the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement and the nature of the movement are said. (3 minutes)
(2) Based on the materials and combined with the knowledge learned, use historical facts to explain how the New Culture Movement "acts on the psychological state of young students" and point out the historical significance of the May Fourth Movement. (7 minutes)
(3) Combined with the knowledge learned, from the perspective of the broad concept of the May Fourth Movement, the reason why Mao Zedong believed that "Chen Duxiu was the commander-in-chief of the May Fourth period" was explained. (3 minutes)
Refer to the answer
1----10 B A C B B D C B D C
11----20 D A C B A D C A C B
21. (1) Foreign countries take advantage of China's opium market; they find alternatives to Chinese imports and reduce imports from China; the West has realized mechanized production.
(2) To gradually reduce China to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The natural economy began to disintegrate; the foreign affairs movement arose, and national capitalism arose and developed.
(3) The rural population has moved into the city in large numbers, and traditional concepts have been impacted.
22 (1) Feudal monarchy. Reform government agencies, abolish redundant officials, appoint reformers; encourage private establishment of industrial and mining enterprises; reform the imperial examination system and establish the Beijing Normal University; found newspapers and periodicals, open speech; and learn from the Western constitutional monarchy. (Answer any two points)
(2) The Sino-Japanese War was defeated and the foreign affairs movement went bankrupt; the great powers set off a frenzy of dividing up China, and the national crisis deepened unprecedentedly; under the influence of the Enlightenment, the idea of restoration was widely disseminated; the initial development of national capitalism, and the bourgeois reformists tried to save their lives. (Answer any two points)
(3) The Penghu Reform Law was the first ideological emancipation movement in modern China, which played an ideological enlightenment role in society and promoted the awakening of the Chinese; the bourgeois reformers advocated new learning, advocated the revitalization of people's rights, violently attacked the feudal system, and promoted the spread of bourgeois ideas in China. (Similar meanings can be)
23、
(1) Direct cause: China's diplomatic failure at the Paris Peace Conference (2 points)
The May Fourth Movement was a patriotic movement against imperialism and feudalism outright (2 points).
Description: (1) Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Lu Xun, and other representative figures of the New Culture Movement have taught at Peking University and are enthusiastic
Propagating Western ideas on democracy and science, and lashing out at traditional Chinese morality and culture (2 points)
(2) "New Youth" and Peking University become the most important positions of the new cultural movement (2 points)
(3) Under the guidance of the New Culture Movement, the vernacular language, as the language of new literature, gradually spread, promoting democracy and scientific thinking
Want to promote (2 points)
Significance: (1) In the May Fourth Movement, the Chinese working class began to appear on the political stage and show great strength (1 point)
(2) Some intellectuals and young students who initially embraced Marxism played an important role in the movement (1 point)
(3) The May Fourth Movement was the beginning of China's new democratic revolution (1 point)
(3) Reasons: (1) In 1915, Chen Duxiu founded the Youth Magazine in Shanghai and published the article "Greetings to the Youth" in the inaugural issue
Officially sounded the clarion call of the new cultural movement (1 point)
(2) After the Outbreak of the May Fourth Movement, Chen Duxiu personally drafted the Beijing Citizens' Declaration, calling on Beijing students, businessmen, and laborers to rise up
Struggle, Courageously Carry out a Fundamental Transformation of Society (1 point)
(3) In the summer of 1920, with the help of the Comintern, Chen Duxiu established China's first early Communist Party organization in Shanghai (1 point)
(4) In July 1921, the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China elected Chen Duxiu as the secretary of the Central Bureau of the Party's central leading organ (1 point)