2021 Shandong Teacher Recruitment Pedagogy: A Brief Talk on Comenius

Today we are studying a very important figure in pedagogy: Comenius, which is often examined in the form of objective questions, and the types of examination are comprehension and memorization. Jan Ames Comenius, born in 1592 and died in 1670, was a great Czech democratic educator and the founder of modern Western educational theory, born into a family of mill owners. He was one of the earliest proponents of public education, and his ideas were put forward in his book The Great Teaching Theory. At a young age he was elected pastor of the Czech Brotherhood and presided over the Brotherhood school. Decades after the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), he was forced into exile and continued his educational and social activities.

1. Writings

(1) The Great Theory of Teaching in 1632 marked the emergence of pedagogy as an independent discipline, so he received a title: the father of pedagogy. At the same time, this book is considered to be the first pedagogical work in modern times, so it is also known as the father of modern pedagogy.

(2) In 1633, "Mother's School" was the world's first preschool education monograph.

(3) The Illustrated World of 1658 was the first textbook in the world (Europe) to be written based on the principle of intuition, and it was also an illustrated encyclopedia that conferred on children the basics. Between classes, Comenius attached great importance to the principle of intuitive teaching, and named the principle of intuitive teaching the golden rule.

(4) In 1631, a textbook " Introduction to Linguistics " was written and published. He also spoke highly of the role of teachers, who praised them as "the most glorious profession under the sun."

Second, educational thinking - pan-intellectual education

Pan-intellectual education is to impart a wide range of knowledge to ordinary people, the so-called pan-intellectual, a total of two aspects:

A. Educational objects: All boys and girls, whether poor or rich--- advocate universal education

B. Educational content: Everyone needs to learn everything

And in the "Great Teaching Theory", he also put forward "giving everything to all people", which can reflect his pan-intellectual education ideas.

III. Teaching Content: An encyclopedic curriculum is prescribed: a variety of courses, so Comenius is the representative of the subject curriculum;

4. Teaching system: systematically discuss the methods and implementation contents of the class teaching system;

5. Teaching principles: follow the principles of natural human development;

The so-called natural development has two meanings in total, one is the external order of nature; Comenius believed that the reason why the world is so stable is because there is order, and as long as we can follow the order, we can play the most useful role. The second is the intrinsic nature of nature and the age characteristics of children; Comenius believed that different ages have different laws of physical and mental development, so he proposed a system of school systems, where children of different ages go to different schools and learn different things.

Teaching methods: For the first time, a series of teaching methods such as intuitiveness, systematicness, quantitative strength, consolidation and self-consciousness were proposed and demonstrated;

Teaching Objectives:

The purpose of realistic education (direct purpose) ---- to prepare for the reality of life, to cultivate learning, virtue,

The pious

The ultimate (religious) educational purpose -------- this life is to prepare for eternal life--- religious theory; Comenius believed that after death, people do not see immortality, so what should they do if they want to live forever? It is necessary to be educated and prepared in this life, so he proposed that the ultimate purpose of education is to prepare for eternal life in this life.

In this part of the knowledge points, the types of questions involved in the exam are mainly based on recognition, such as the following example questions:

1. [Single Choice] In his masterpiece "The Great Teaching Theory", Comenius put forward the idea of education , which explores "the whole art of giving all things to all human beings".

A. Pan Ai B Pan Chi C. Pan American D. Pan German

1. [Answer] B. Analysis: This question examines Comenius' educational ideas.

Comenius put forward the idea of pan-intellectual education, the so-called pan-intellectual education is to teach a wide range of knowledge to ordinary people.

In summary, A, B, D are not in line with the meaning of the question, so the D option is selected for this question.