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Opera is known as the "jewel in the crown of art", which has gone through 400 to 500 years of history in Europe and 100 years in China. Chinese opera refers to operas written and interpreted in Chinese. Composers, screenwriters, and singers of Chinese opera can be foreigners, but the language must be Chinese. The origin and development of Chinese opera has been influenced by many Chinese opera music and opera models, and with its unique character and temperament, it accurately interprets the life and emotions of Chinese, embodying the spirit of Chinese culture and the soul of music. This issue of the Classical Art Lecture Hall invites Mr. Jin Man, Dean of the Opera Research Institute of Peking University, to lead everyone to experience the glory of Chinese opera in the past century.
I. The main function of opera art
The first function of opera is lyricism. Opera is the ultimate expression of human emotions and is one of the art forms that can best express human emotions. The singer uses his voice to shape the image and render the rich emotions of the character's inner world. In many opera works, we can hear a singing word repeated many times with different melodies, constantly escalating and changing chanting, thus producing the effect of impacting people's hearts. Therefore, opera can point directly to the human heart.
The second function is the Acura era. All artistic development is inseparable from the background of the times. The history of Chinese opera is closely linked to the history of the Communist Party of China and the founding of New China, and no opera has deviated from such a trajectory. Artists are constantly looking back at history, getting creative inspiration from those classic stories, and creating these excellent opera works to celebrate the elites and heroes of the Acura era and the Acura era.
2. The Centennial Course of Chinese Opera
Chinese opera was born in the 1920s, and the work known as the "first cry" of Chinese opera is a children's song and dance drama "Sparrow and Child". This work was composed by Li Jinhui, a member of the Music Institute of Peking University at that time and a children's song and dance musician, which is one of his representative works. It was reprinted 16 times between 1928 and 1934.
The Institute of Music Transmission of Peking University is the earliest and first music education institution in China. Its predecessor was the Music Research Society, which was founded in January 1919 and renamed the Music Institute in 1922. The institute's charter proposes that "with the purpose of cultivating music scholars, while transmitting Western music, on the other hand, preserving ancient Chinese music." Carry it forward and expand it. ”
After "The White-Haired Girl" in the 1940s, Chinese opera quickly entered the heyday of development in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. In the 1950s and early 1970s, the operas we created became well-known to the people of the country. These works such as "Little Two Black Marriage", "Honghu Red Guard", and "Sister Jiang" have been accepted and sung by the broad masses of the people, and have a considerable far-reaching influence.
"The White-Haired Girl" is a landmark work in the history of Chinese opera. This work was born in the Liberated Areas led by the Communist Party of China at the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and was adapted into various art forms that have endured for a long time. The picture shows Premier Zhou Enlai and Comrade Deng Yingchao taking a group photo with the actors after enjoying "The White-Haired Girl" in 1962.
After the reform and opening up to the 1990s, the creative practice of Chinese opera showed a momentum of recovery in the tide of ideological emancipation, reconstructed the unique charm of opera with a free and unrestrained creative mentality, and created a very large number of representative and excellent opera works. For example, "Wounded Death", "Deep Palace Desires the Sea", "Fangcao Heart", "Wilderness", "Daughter of the Party", "Zhang Qian" and so on.
In the 21st century, Chinese opera continues to show signs of vigorous development. Some people say that Chinese opera is developing "in a spurt", and this vigorous development has led a large number of people to pay attention to the art of opera. At the same time, the national government has poured a lot of attention and continuous support into the development of Chinese opera. This kind of promotion has made many provinces spend a lot of effort to make opera, which is a necessary way to promote the development of Chinese opera.
3. Chinese opera in practice
In the practice of the development of Chinese opera, we see that opera singers are trying to explore and present better works to the audience. The development of Chinese opera to this day, we are majestically and heroically moving forward. Whether Chinese opera can take center stage in the world opera not only marks whether the development of Chinese opera has risen to a new stage, but also has a bearing on the true establishment of the concept of "Chinese opera". Because "Chinese opera" is a concept that must be placed on a global scale to be established, not a concept of a country or a nation that is partial to one corner. We can contribute to China and even the world in the future, and I hope that opera singers can put up the brand of Chinese opera on the world stage.
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[1] The Responsibility and Mission of Contemporary Chinese Opera Artists: Jin Man, Keynote Speech at the Opening Ceremony of the 2008 Chinese Opera Forum
Artist bio
Jin Man, a famous opera performance artist, dean and professor of the Opera Research Institute of Peking University, executive vice chairman of the China Opera Research Association, member of the Standing Committee of the Eighth and Ninth National Youth Federation, member of the Tenth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and member of the Professional Committee of Education, Science, Culture, Health and Sports. She became famous in the early 1980s and sang songs such as "Golden And Silver Shuttle", "Wish You a Smooth Journey", and "Female Soldier", which won many accolades and wide influences. She has won the Gold Medal of the First National Minority Literature and Art Show, the First Prize of the All-Army Literary and Art Performance, the Gold Award of the 13th World Youth Festival, the Golden Eagle Award of China Television, the Golden Disc Award of China, etc., and won the 9th Chinese Drama Plum Blossom Award for successfully shaping the artistic image of Sister Jiang in the opera "Sister Jiang".
Ministry of Education/Planning for the Popularization of Arts at the National Centre for the Performing Arts
Kingman/Narrator
Gao Mengchu /finishing