The general structural properties are listed as follows, some of which refer to the structural characteristics, and the other part focuses on the performance characteristics.
1. Ordinary pianos have 88 keys, including 52 white keys and 36 black keys. The no. 1 key is the A of the second group of large characters, that is, A2. The 88th key is the c of the small five groups, that is, c5.
2. The pronunciation frequency ranges from the lowest key number 1 to 27. 5Hz to 88th key maximum 4186. 01Hz。
3. The reference tone of the piano is the 49th key, and the a tone of the small character group is a, that is, a1 = 440Hz.
4. Modern pianos are designed according to the internationally accepted 12 average law rules, and the scale relationship of the 12 average law is based on the half-audio rate ratio of 1. 0594631 increase or decrease in a stepwise manner.
5. The strings of modern pianos are generally arranged in the cross of bass and middle and high notes, and are divided into 88 groups according to single, double and triple strings. The chord column is divided into bare strings, single-layer windings, and double-layer windings. Copper wire winding is generally used in the bass area and at the junction of the bass area and the midrange region. Bare strings are used in the midrange and treble zones.
6. Commonly used pianos are made of high-quality carbon structural steel, which have strict requirements for chemical composition and physical properties. In order to accurately distinguish the thickness of the wire, the piano industry has compiled the diameter of the wire into a corresponding string number table. The range of strings commonly used in upright pianos and small and medium-sized grand pianos is from 13 to 24, and the range of string numbers used in large triangle applications is extended to 26.
7. Ordinary piano is composed of four parts, namely: shell part, sound source part, keyboard mechanical part and pedal mechanical part. Among them, the mechanical part of the keyboard is composed of two parts: the string striker and the keyboard.
8. The piano string tapping machine is composed of five parts, namely (hammer), linkage (chip), turner (medieval), sound maker (long gun) and other auxiliary parts (such as general file, bracket, back file, etc.).
9. The sound source of the piano is composed of three parts, namely:
(1) String column part - composed of 220 or so strings in the low, medium and high sound areas, due to the slightly different number of strings designed for different models of pianos, there is a difference in the total number of strings, which is the basic structure of the sound source.
(2) System - mainly includes the resonance body and vibration wave conduction structure, resonance auxiliary structure three parts: such as soundboard, string code, soundboard frame, ribs and other parts.
(3) Structural support positioning system - mainly including: chord shaft plate, chord shaft iron plate and other components, of which iron plate is also considered to have resonance characteristics.
10. The pedal mechanism of modern pianos should have three functions. According to the left, middle and right distinctions, the functional characteristics of the three pedals are different, and the functions of the three pedals of the grand piano and the upright piano are not exactly the same, which are now listed in the following table. Structural function of the three pedals Left pedal in the right pedal in the right pedal piano pedal displacement weak selective sustain all sustain vertical piano pedal stroke adjustment weak mechanical weak all sustain
11. The three functions of the piano shell:
(1) Structural combination support and spatial positioning.
(2) Enhance or change the sound resonance effect.
(3) Beautify the appearance.
12, piano shell coating is generally divided into two categories: if it is a bright paint, mostly use unsaturated polyester resin paint. If it is a matt lacquer process piano, polyurethane paint or UV paint is mostly used.