"Zhuge Mu Niu Liu Ma Xin Kao"
- Cracking the code in ancient books that have been circulating for 1800 years
Old wood evergreen
October 4, 2018
The history books clearly record zhuge Liang's use of wooden cattle and horses as means of transport in the northern expedition of the Qi Mountains from the Qin Mountains, while the literature only makes a rough text description of the wooden cattle and horses, and there is no relevant illustration data, and there is still no conclusive conclusion as to what the wooden cattle and horses are. At present, the academic community generally believes that it is a special unicycle wooden vehicle, that is, the leverage mechanism is added on the basis of the unicycle so that it can climb over the steps. In recent years, many skilled craftsmen have made a lot of useful attempts based on this principle and produced a variety of styles of imitation models. The author believes that none of them are necessary.
First of all, we must determine why Zhuge made wooden cattle and horses? At that time, in the Tun HanZhong of the Kong Ming Army, the soldiers out of the Xie Valley could only pass through the 470-mile boardwalk from Baocheng to the Shaoxian Xie Valley, which was a trail, and the carriages and horses could not go. The author of this ancient road was unable to conduct a field investigation, but Dongyue Taishan was fortunate to climb it. That hiking trail is the royal royal road built by the official government for the emperor Baishan, carved by solid stone, wide and neat, halfway there is a place called "back to the horse platform", the tour guide introduction: the ancients climbed the mountain can take the horse to here, people then get off the horse to continue to go up, the horse is the original road back, because the above road horse can not travel, the ancient road began in 781 BC - 771 Zhou Kang King built, mostly wooden stacks, and later the Han Shun Emperor boycotted the meridian road, through the slope and to Jianxing nine years Kong Ming for the fourth time out of the Qi Mountain, with wooden cattle to transport grain has been nearly a hundred years, The thousand-year-old road has fallen into disrepair for nearly a hundred years, and the road conditions are naturally not good. The Qinling Mountains are amazing, as can be seen from the Xiyue Huashan Mountain, which is in the same vein, and mount Hua also has trails, but it is not only cattle and horses that cannot be walked, and people who walk on it do not dare to look sideways. The author imagines that there must have been more than one place on the hundreds of miles of ancient boardwalks at that time, such as "Back to Matai".
The Fifth Biography of Zhuge Liang in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Song Zhi's Note: "Kong Ming... Tens of thousands of pawns, long drive to Qishan, and have the ambition to drink Maheluo. In ancient times, combat cavalry and chariots had an absolute advantage over infantry, and Zhuge Northern Expedition had neither cavalry nor chariots, and only "raising infantry pawns" was helpless. It also says: "Kong Ming rose from the land of Bashu, and the soldiers of a continent, the great country of Fang, its warrior people, covered with one-ninth also." ...... Zhuge Chengcheng had the talent of Kuang Zuo, but he was in a lonely place, with less than 50,000 warriors, and he could close himself off and take risks, and the monarchs were fine. Therefore, Kong Mingning made wooden cattle and horses, and did not repair the boardwalk. The Three Kingdoms were standing tall, Shu was the weakest, Kong Mingti light troops and more dangerous to cut wei, is to use surprise troops to attack, to attack as a defense, not to fight for life, to fight if you win, to run if you can't win, that is, to highlight the purpose and principle of "Han thieves are not two sides, Wang Ye is not biased", but also to practice the alliance with Wu and Wei. If we openly build civil engineering and build a boardwalk, we will inevitably frighten the enemy, and once the road is clear, the northern enemy will take advantage of the situation to kill, and it will not endanger itself.
In 2010, Huang Hongjun wrote the book "Traditional Chinese Traffic Customs": "Mountain transportation mostly uses cattle and horses, the mule and horse caravans on the Tea Horse Ancient Road in Sichuan and Yunnan, the yak caravans in Sichuan and Tibet have a small hundred heads, the big donkeys help more than 10,000 cattle, the cattle line is slow, the head gang has rested, the tail gang is still in place, and it takes two or three days for the tail gang to start and follow." The big gang of packed cattle from Xiahe in southern Gansu to Songpan in Sichuan takes more than 20 days to walk. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms notes: "In November of the sixth year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang said: '... More than a thousand people, such as Shu, Qingqiang, Scattered Horse, and Wu Horse, are all the elites of the four directions entangled in decades, not the ownership of one state... '"The Shu army has an elite thousand horses, and its combat strength and transportation capacity are self-evident, and the pack ox and horse are also the common journeys of the Shu people's life and labor and sitting on the Jia merchants, Zhuge naturally does not lack luck, if the caravan can march, why should the wooden cattle flow horses? Therefore, the wooden cattle and horses used by Kong Ming must be able to walk on the roads that real cattle and live horses cannot pass. And the author to see that today's imitation lever wheeler can climb over the steps, but slightly clumsy, its maneuverability is far from the real cattle live horses, must be difficult to walk on the path that the cow and horse caravan can not pass, on the contrary, such wooden cattle flow horses can be walked, the ox pack horse will be able to travel freely, so it can be determined that Kong Ming's use is not this thing.
Imagine that Kong Ming was really embarrassed back then, even if the time and space tunnel was opened today, there was no suitable equipment to provide for the Shu Army. If the intelligent all-terrain load-bearing robot is transmitted to the churn crossing, the Shu army cannot be used, because there are neither charging piles nor gas stations along the road. In fact, the situation encountered by the Shu Army in those years was the same as that of the US Marine Corps in the Middle East battlefields such as Afghanistan and Syria, and the problem of no sustained power in the long-term field battles in the mountains has not been solved.
Who could have imagined that such a difficult problem would allow Zhuge Kongming to find a way to solve it before 1800. The strangeness of the wooden cow and the horse has been clearly recorded in many history books, which is not only amazing for the ancients at that time, but also makes my generation sigh today. Although due to the limitations of the scientific and technological level of the times, Kong Ming could not obtain modern processing and material technical support, and the wooden cattle and horses he made failed to fundamentally solve the transportation problem comprehensively and efficiently, "Romance of the Three Kingdoms": "In the ninth year, Liang returned to Qishan, transported with wooden cattle, and retired from the army with grain... In the spring of the twelfth year, the masses came out of the valley and transported the ,...... Liang did not continue to eat every time, so that he did not have the will to make up his mind, it was to divide the troops and tun tian...", but to a certain extent, it effectively alleviated the difficulty of transportation, and the important thing was that he found the correct technical path to solve the problem.
According to the book "Traditional Chinese Traffic Customs", "In addition to the caravans, mountain transportation also has caravans, pickers, backs, etc., and the large gangs can be as long as one mile." According to the classification of transportation in ancient China, the "Four Years of Giving Rides" is transmitted: the four contained in the four, that is, water by boat, land by car, mud by boat, mountain by beam "also used as a sled, is a tool used in the swamp mud (when the Red Army crossed the grassland should use a sled). It can take people, can also carry supplies, and can avoid traveling into the mud. The tree is also made of a cone, with iron like a cone head, half an inch long, shi zhi foot, up the mountain does not fall also. 梮 also makes a car, a public opinion car and a Kuiling, a pass road car, and now a bamboo public opinion is a car. It is a slippery pole common in the southern mountains. Pickers call sticks in Chongqing, stations, docks, streets can be seen everywhere, specializing in short-distance porting services. The Memba people of Tibet's Metuo are good at carrying luck, they form a team, march collectively, and the leader of the leader calls out the trumpet, adjusting the pace of the pace. In 1940, Ren Naiqiang wrote the "Guide of Kangding": The back (back) is mostly Hanyuan people, and the strong one can carry more than a mule.
The back frame is used: the wooden shelf is high above the head, the lower side is a curved wood, made into a bracket, the upper side is the shelf, the lower bracket is convenient for rest, suitable for climbing the hill down the hill road.
So what is the correct technical path that Zhuge Liang found? This is not only related to the cracking of historical doubts, but also has great significance for current science and technology.
Chen Shou, the author of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, was a contemporary of Kong Ming, who recorded the "Wooden Cow Flowing Horse Method" in the "Zhuge Shi Collection" compiled by him. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms contains only twenty-four titles in the catalogue. "Zhuge Jishi" has not been checked so far. The "Wooden Cow Flowing Horse Method" seen today is only found in the commentary of Pei Songzhi's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" of the Song Dynasty, with a total of 407 words. Logically speaking, these 407 words should be written by Kong Ming himself or written by the participants. It was later collected by Chen Shou and passed on to future generations in the form of Matsu no Zhi Notes. Its correct technical path should be reflected in these 407 words. Although it has been transmitted several times, or there may be bias, the general technical direction should be reflected.
The author had the honor of reading the original text of Pei Songzhi's annotations to the Song carved "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" in the Reading Room of the National Library of Good Books, and recorded the 407 characters of the "Wooden Cow Flowing Horse Method" as follows:
"Wooden cattle square belly curved head one foot four-legged head eight collar middle tongue in the abdomen load more and less should be used can not be small to make the special walker dozens of miles group walker twenty miles also curved for the bull's head double for the bull's foot crosser for the cow's foot turner for the cow's back square for the cow's belly hanging for the cow's tongue curver for the bull's rib carving for the bull's tooth stand for the bull's horn thin for the bull martingale axis for the bull martingale axis cattle upwards double-reed people walk six feet cattle walk four steps to carry one year old grain day twenty miles and people are not big labor flow horse size number rib length three feet five inches wide three inches thick two inches thick two inches thick with the front axle hole divided ink to the front axle hole four inches five points wide one inch front bar hole to go to the front foot hole two inches seven minutes wide two inches wide after the front foot hole Shaft hole to the front bar hole to ink one foot five minutes size and the front of the same foot hole to ink to the back shaft hole three inches five minutes size and the front and back bar hole to go to the back foot hole to divide ink two inches seven minutes after the carrier to go to the back bar hole to divide ink four inches five minutes front bar length one foot eight inches wide two inches thick one inch five minutes back bar and equal plate square capsule two thick eight minutes long two feet seven inch high one foot six inches wide one foot six inches wide each by meter two axe three bucket from the upper bar hole to ribs seven inches before and after the upper bar hole to go to the lower bar hole to divide ink one foot three inch length one inch five minutes wide seven minutes eight holes with the front and rear four feet wide two inches thick one inch five points thick one inch five points shape system such as elephant thunder length four inch diameter four inch three inch diameter three feet long two feet one inch wide one inch three inch diameter three feet long two feet one inch wide one inch five inch thick one inch four points with the same bar ear ”
The first 132 words in the 407 words describe the appearance characteristics and functional characteristics of the wooden cow, from which it can be determined: this is a kind of load-bearing walking device that is synchronous with people (six feet of cattle walking in four steps), can carry weight, but the speed is limited (more loads and less rows), driven by manpower, and very labor-saving (people are not much labor). It can be referred to as "human weight-bearing walking device". This device obviously met the needs of the Shu army at that time. Human weight (no cattle and horses, no fuel and electricity) walking (no vehicle), this device can naturally travel on roads where cars and horses cannot pass.
The saying that the wooden cow and the horse is a "human weight-bearing device" is also evidenced in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which notes: "... When the light is in Qishan, the flag is sharp, and the danger is ,...... When the Wei army began to Chen, the Fan soldiers were suitable for friendship, and the Sanzuo Xian was strong with thieves, and he was not able to control it, so he stopped the troops for a month to make a sound. The "fan soldiers are suitable for intercourse" here is the special use of troops used by Kong Ming, dividing the troops brought in batches, part of which is stationed in battle, and part of which is submerged back. This allows morale to be maintained, supplies to be perfected, and naturally empty for the soldiers who have sneaked back. The replacement troops could come with supplies and grain. However, the soldiers came to the front line with heavy loads for hundreds of miles, and they were already tired soldiers, so how to replace them? Therefore, Kong Ming needs to use wooden cattle and flow horses - "human weight-bearing devices" can "people do not work much", but also maintain morale and combat effectiveness.
Coincidentally, during the First World War, France and Germany confronted each other. The French commander General Pétain used this "fan soldier" strategy to maintain morale and strengthen supplies, so that the German soldiers were tired and defeated, and Pétain became famous in the first battle. It is also unknown whether Pétain was inspired by Kong Ming.
So how is this device defined in terms of modern scientific and technological theory?
On July 5, 2014, the Wall Street Journal website reported that the Hollywood Garcy special effects company, which was nominated for an Oscar, is trying to create a "tactical attack lightweight combat suit" (TALOS is also known as "Talos"). This is the first step in U.S. Special Operations Command's plan to produce a new generation of protective armor over the next 4 years. The special effects company is currently trying to complete a seemingly impossible task, creating an Iron Man-style "battle robe" that protects soldiers and boosts their combat effectiveness with flexible exoskeleton armor that can carry hundreds of pounds. LasS Angold, one of the founders of Exxon Biomimetic Technology, which mainly designs medical exoskeletons, said that power is the biggest problem encountered in designing this "battle robe". The U.S. military turned to Canadian researchers to develop an alternative to an unpowered exoskeleton suit.
It seems that the Americans still have insight, and what they want to develop is the "wooden cow flow horse" used by Kong Ming in 1800 years ago - now called the unpowered drive exoskeleton device. Referred to as human exoskeleton.
In the ancient books, the last 275 words of 407 words are data describing the size and related position of the parts of the device, and the author has drawn the following sketches strictly according to these data:
Figure 1
The units of length described in the literature are the rulers, inches and minutes used in ancient times, and the author replaces the metric data with the algorithm of 1 foot = 242 mm according to the relevant information, in millimeters. For the convenience of the viewer, a three-dimensional view of the top view is drawn in proportion. From the sketch, you can see that the four bars form a square frame structure, and the two ends of each bar are made of mortise, combined with the eight holes (eight holes) on the end plate (diameter surface) on both sides, which can form a complete frame structure, which should be described in the "wooden cow square belly". The largest scale in the literature data is "three feet and five inches (847 mm) long ribs, three inches wide (72.6 mm), and two inches and two minutes thick (53.2 mm), the same left and right." And in the first paragraph of the text of the document, there is also a description of "the composer is a cow rib". The author believes that "ribs" does not refer to ribs here, and "bent for cattle ribs" does not refer to bent beef ribs. In the "Ci Hai" record: "rib" callousel also. See 骈骈 for the text. "Armpit" is also used as a chest, and the two arms are also. According to Guangya's explanation: "Arms, necks, hairs, arms." It is a common name for the arm. Bladder, 胠, 胉其 also known as also. "Of course, the two arms of the cow are legs. The word "脅" in "Ci Hai" has a "脅drive" article: "Poetry Qin Feng Xiao Rong: "YouHuan 脅脅 Drive" transmission: "脅脅 drive, cautious driving equipment, so stop people also." ”。“ The callous exorcist, with a strip of skin, tied to the balance, and then tied to the reel, serves as the arm of the horse. Love caution riding equipment also. If the horse wants to enter, then this skin is about to be, so stop the man. See figure II
Figure 2
The "armour" here refers to the hind legs of the horse (Note: a cart of four horses, the middle two horses are called the service horses, and the horses on both sides are called the horses. "The curver is the cow rib", "qu" is the "bend", that is, the legs that can be stretched, and it is also the only part that can be stretched by the wooden cow flow horse, just imagine that the "square abdomen" is placed on it, and the "rib" is "leg" is installed under the "square abdomen", forming an exoskeleton mechanism that lacks upper limbs. The inner dimensions of the "square belly" are just large enough to accommodate the torso of a medium-sized person, and the length of the "legs" is just right. The author made a wooden skeleton according to the size of this plan, and because the author is in a moderate body, he can fit it. I can walk with several kilograms of weight hanging on the wooden frame, and there is no pressure on my body. Only the movement of the torso and legs is limited. As the saying goes, it's called "plate legs".
The author envisions adding the back frame structure used in the traditional back of the "square belly frame" to facilitate the loading. Because the traditional back frame is high above the head and travels on its back, it should be described in conjunction with the description of "the cow is on its back and the head is in the collar". The definition of "car" by the ancients is very extensive. The palanquin is also called the car, the sliding pole is called the bamboo public opinion, the shoulder public opinion, also known as the pass car, the emperor's ride is also used as a car, and the "step map" of the painter Yan Liben in the Collection of the Palace Museum is a scene painting of Tang Taizong's reception with the envoy Lu Dongzan, and the yuan is carried by the palace women in front and behind. Today's stretcher, but the surface is not made of cloth or mesh, but a flat plate. The emperor sat on the call of the dragon, and ordinary people used the ancient people to call the car. When dragging goods, heavy objects are placed on the board, and the log bar is placed underneath, pushing, pulling and dragging. The ancients called this a stupid car. Mozi Zashou zai "... With wheels, ten feet wide, three partitions, six feet wide, for the length of the box and the rudder, etc. ..." "Ci Hai": "The car is also, the car is also a light car." The trolley in the center of a wooden curve is called a rut. The "rut" remembered by the "miscellaneous keepers" is obviously not the rudder of the ox, but the two straight logs on the left and right of the car, which are combined into a square, and do not come out of the front. Therefore, it is understandable that the ancients walked on their backs and described them as "cattle on their backs".
The back frame has a support structure for carrying goods, which should also fit the description of "rear load". For ease of wear, a horizontal shaft is installed on the lower end of the "rib", that is, the "leg", and a wooden sandal is installed on the shaft for stepping on the foot. It should be tied with "two cow feet", with a rope belt (four inches long, it should also be in pairs), the clogs can be rotated on the shaft, easy to travel, and "turned into a cow foot", which is also the only part that the wooden cow flow horse can rotate, but it is not a wheel. At the bottom of the clogs, apply nails, at least two for the front palm and two for the back palm, placed side by side, in case the mountain falls. Should be and "one foot four feet". The human foot is bound to the clogs, that is, "two feet", which should be "both are cow's feet". Two pairs of feet, front and back, should be "front and back four feet". Therefore, "wooden cow flowing horse" is a collective name when people are combined with exoskeletons. See Figure III
Figure 3
So far, the author has checked the 407 words in the literature, and 202 words can be combined.
The author thinks to himself, the "plate leg" marching, must not be the effect of Zhuge Original, the remaining 205 words must have a mystery. Therefore, the 205 words were repeatedly ground and checked in combination with the trial production work. According to the principle of using steel to improve, refer to ancient books, crawling characters, lasted several years, and finally understood the secret of 205 words. Built into a "copper waist iron leg" - human exoskeleton weight-bearing walking device. At present, it is made into two paintings, one light and one heavy. The parameters are as follows:
1. Heavy weight: 8 kg weight 32 kg
2. Light: 3.3 kg weight 10 kg
Note: The weight-bearing data are random tests and no destructive limit tests have been done.
At present, the prototype is made of ordinary construction steel and furniture steel as the main material, if the use of alloy aluminum or carbon fiber synthetic materials as the main material, its self-weight and load-bearing ratio will be greatly improved.
The "Copper Waist Iron Leg" is a single auxiliary weight-bearing tool. If the user uses a 10 kg light load of 10 kg to walk, the human body has no load pressure; if the load is 20 kg, only 10 kg of load pressure is on the human body.
The "copper-waisted iron legs" can walk on the road and can also go up and down stairs. The action is agile and untethered. It can effectively reduce or eliminate load pressure.
The device has a supporting, stress-relieving and protective effect on the human waist and legs. See video
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June 2, 2016 The US "Value Walk" news website reported:
The U.S. military is developing the Iron Man suit for special forces, and the plan, named tactical assault light operation suit (TALOS), is underway, with the ultimate goal of creating a prototype operation suit in 2018.
November 2, 2016 The Website of the Daily Mail reported:
The U.S. Army will test the Iron Man bulletproof liquid armor that gives soldiers superhuman strength. The Lightweight Tactical Assault Suit (TALOS) will effectively give the wearer super power. It will be tested in 2018. Professor Gareth McKinley has been studying "liquid armor" technology for 11 years, and McKinley revealed that TALOS has a moral meaning, it is the name of the bronze armor giant in the movie "Prince Jackson's Battle Demon", and the army's TALOS weakness is that it must either carry a heavy water pump with a hydraulic system at any time, or carry a large number of heavy batteries. We don't have Iron Man power yet.
(The initial motivational problem was still unresolved, the Canadians weren't helping, and TALOS seemed to be on the verge of a break.) - Old Wood Evergreen)
On March 8, 2018, the website of volkswagen machinery monthly reported:
The U.S. Army is working on a way to carry heavy weapons — a weapons stand that can withstand the weight of a light machine gun. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory at the Aberdeen Test Site in Maryland is developing a waist-mounted weapon mount with a total weight of 3.5 pounds (about 1.6 kilograms) and a maximum load capacity of 27 pounds, equivalent to the weight of an M249 gun or a protective gear (20 pounds).
(Originally the gun was heavy enough, and another bracket was added, of course, the arms and shoulders were reduced, that is, the soldier's waist and legs were opened.) - Old Wood Evergreen)
The core secret of the scientific and technological exploration carried out by the ancient Chinese sages before 1800 is still alive today. It has important historical value and practical significance for the progress of human science and technology, and pays tribute to the sages.
The author of this article is pieced together, full of loopholes, full of errors, but not self-aware, but sincere, straight to the chest. Please ask your excellencies for guidance. I don't dare to say that I threw bricks and jade, but I should just draw bricks and shoot it. Even if the nose is blue and the face is swollen, don't say anything about the "new exam", even if it is to entertain the public.