↑ A group of National Geographic controllers focused on exploring the ultimate world
Hundreds of beasts gallop across the earth
Fish swim in the rivers and seas
There is also a category that is destined to belong to the sky
That is
birds
There are more than 1400 species of birds in China
They come in all shapes
Some are tall and mighty, some are small and exquisite
Some are colorful, some are unpretentious
But unchanged
It is a pair of wings that are the envy of human beings
(White Bird, photographer @ Zhu Runlu)
▼
From ancient times
People became fascinated by birds
In poetry, in depiction, in artifacts
We can all spot birds
(Copper flowers and fruits and standing birds unearthed from Sanxingdui, photographer @ willow leaf deuterium, cartography @ Zheng Borong/Planet Research Institute)
More
It is in everyday life
Mountains, rivers, towns
Birds are almost everywhere
(Mandarin duck in the Forbidden City, photographer @ willow leaf deuterium)
however
Do you really understand them?
From the king of the sky, the raptor
Sons of the Earth – Landfowl
To the lord of the waters - the game birds and waders
The heart of the forest – climbing birds
And the "songbirds" of the "hundred schools of thought"
More than 1400 species of birds in China
What kind of diverse beauty will be displayed?
01
King of the Sky
Strong and powerful wings
Curved like a hook's beak (huì) and claws
Extremely developed senses
When these come together
This makes it the most "cool" of birds
raptor
(Morphological characteristics of birds of prey, cartography @ Han Qing/Planet Research Institute)
Birds of prey are divided into three categories: hawks, xiāo, and falcons
The order Hawksa has the most species
Including ordinary people are difficult to distinguish
Eagle, Harrier (yào), iris (yuān)
Eagle (kuáng), eagle, vulture (jiù), osprey (è) and so on
hawk
Most prefer forest environments
The wings are relatively short and round, and the tail is longer
This allows them to be able to be between the branches
Fly at high speeds and steer flexibly
(Brown-eared eagle, photographer @ Liu Lu)
harrier
Prefer wetland environments
Around rivers, lakes, swamps, reed ponds
Harriers can often be seen gliding at low altitudes
Once the prey is spotted, it suddenly swoops to the ground
(Low-altitude "patrol" hunting of white-tailed harriers, photographer @ Xu Yongchun)
kite
It is widely distributed in Eurasia
Birds of prey that we usually see
A large part of it is the kite
They have a concave tail
Ability to rely on airflow
Hover over grasslands and farmland for long periods of time
(Black Kites in Flight, photographer @ Xu Yongchun)
Eagles
With an exceptionally "small" beak
Distinguish from other birds of prey
But the eagle is extremely adaptable
Can fly to deserts, tundra
Even more than 4,000 meters above the Tibetan Plateau foraging
(Big Eagle, photographer @ Li Tingting)
Various carvings
It has an iconic curved hook-like beak and broad wings
The distribution range is extremely wide
From bare rock mountains, alpine forests
to grasslands, wetlands, farmland, oceans
(Grassland carving, photographer @ Liu Lu)
condor
Then there is a habit of eating scavenger meat
The bearded vulture feeds mainly on bones
(Bearded vulture eating, photographer @ Feng Jiang)
And the alpine vulture
Mainly eats carrion
The head is relatively small and hairless
Suitable for feeding in the abdomen of a corpse
Its wingspan can reach more than two meters
With huge wings hovering high in the air for long periods of time
(Alpine vulture, photographer @ Liu Chen)
osprey
It is a special type of raptor
They feed entirely on fish
It is also the only category in the world
A bird of prey that can be swept into the water from the air
(Osprey, osprey belongs to the osprey family, the above eagles, harriers, kites, eagles, vultures, etc., all belong to the eagle family, osprey family and eagle family together constitute the eagle order, the picture is photographed in Dunhuang, Gansu, photographer @ Xie Zhenqing)
In addition to the extremely strong ability to fly
Eagle birds also have well-developed vision
Eagles retina on the area per square millimeter
There are as many as 1 million photoreceptor cells
The human eye also has only about 150,000 in the same area
Also in a certain area of the retina
There is also a highly sensitive "fovea"
This recessed camera-like telephoto lens
The resolution of Hawkeye is 1-3 times that of the human eye
The field of vision is also much wider than that of humans
(Hawkeye Structure, Cartography @ Borong Cheng/Planet Research Institute)
furthermore
Curved and sharp claws
Help it hit with one hit and catch your prey
Some large birds of prey have extremely thick toebones
Purely by the power of the legs and claws
It can penetrate the internal organs of the prey
(Golden eagle predation, poor mouse rabbit screaming and being dragged off the ground, photographer @ Feng Jiang)
Falconiformes
It is known for its extremely high subduction speed
The fastest peregrine falcon
The body is streamlined
The speed of predation can exceed 320 km/h
Equivalent to the speed of a high-speed train
(Catching a peregrine falcon of a bird, Falcones and Eagles are both birds of prey, but the two are far related, and the similarity of the two forms comes from convergent evolution, photographer @ Xu Yongchun)
Hawks and Falcons
It is a hunter in the sun
And Owls
Mostly at night
They have a unique head shape
Has a nearly round "big face plate"
This form helps to collect slight vibrations in the air
In turn, locate the prey in the dark
("Round head and big face" longitudinal striped belly owl, photographer @ Zou Tao)
Pattern on the body
Make it blend into the environment during the day
(West Red Horned Owl, like a piece of wood, photographer @ Liu Lu)
Besides
The owl also has two great skills
Help them adapt to a life of nocturnal predation
One is a special "dark vision"
Through a series of changes in the cornea and retina
Owl even in a dark environment
It also has excellent eyesight
This is something that most other birds can't do
(Ghost Owl of "Secret Observation", photographer @ Guan Xiangyu)
The second is "silent flight"
Owl's unique wing shape and feather features
Make it flapping its wings and gliding
The resulting noise is extremely low
The owl relies on these two stunts
Paddle the night sky silently
Become a nightmare for nocturnal critters
(Short-eared owl in gliding, photographer @ Lai Yuning)
Eagles, falcons, owls
Occupies the very top of the food chain
He is the deserved king of the sky
There are also some birds
But instead they made a living on earth
02
Children of the Earth
"Rounded" figure
Sharp and powerful beak
Strong claw suitable for planing
And gorgeous feathers
These are the birds that make their living mainly on the ground
Landfowl
Including the order Heliomorphs and Pigeons
Bustard ( bǎo ) , Sand chicken order
(Morphological characteristics of land birds, cartography @ Han Qing/Planet Research Institute)
The most common
It is a bird of the order Heliopodae-Pheasantidae
Such as partridges, quails and so on
They are widely distributed in their natural environment
It can also be found in farmland and around villages
(Spoon Chicken, photographer @ Sun Huajin)
Among birds of the pheasant family
There are many species of hermaphroditism
Males in order to attract females
Evolved colorful feathers
Such as all kinds of horned pheasants, rainbow pheasants, long-tailed pheasants, golden pheasants
(The brown-tailed rainbow pheasant who is courting, the male on the right is showing his feathers vigorously: "Look at me, look at me!") ", photographer @ Liu Lu)
Equally common
There is also the order Pigeons - Birds of the family Pigeonidae
Most of the doves of all kinds prefer forest environments
Flocks forage on the forest floor
(Mountain Dove, photographer @ Liu Chen)
Landfowl adapted to pecking and planing
Be able to be in an environment where food is scarce
Discover tiny plant seeds and fruits
The thick feathers have a strong warmth function
Thus many species of land birds
Adapted to extremely harsh environments
Such as all kinds of snow chickens
You can be in the alpine bare rock area
As well as alpine meadows, tundra, etc
Live freely in low temperature, drought and lack of oxygen
(Hidden snow chicken at Everest Base Camp, photographer @ Li Heng)
Deserts and grasslands inland northwest
Drought and water shortage, sparse surface vegetation
Two species of land birds are highly adapted to this environment
One is the order Bustard
They are good at running, with a short and powerful beak
It inhabits open deserts, gobi and grasslands
(The great bustard of Jilin Baicheng, photographer @ Chunxiao)
The other is the order Sand Chicken
They have long wings and tail feathers
Good at flying long distances
In the desert
Adult sand chickens often search for water sources at a long distance
Subsequently, the feathers on the chest and abdomen are used to absorb water
Bring it back to the nest to feed the young birds
(Picture 1 is sand chicken using chest feathers to absorb water, picture 2 is young birds sucking water from adult bird feathers, sand chicken can be called a mobile "water dispenser", photographer @ Liu Lu)
With all sorts of stunts
Land birds such as pheasants, doves, great bustards and sand chickens
Successfully occupied a vast expanse of land
And the same vast waters
Which birds will be the world?
03
Lord of the Waters
Occupy the major waters
Good at hunting in the water
Classified as a game bird and wader
(Morphological characteristics of game birds and waders, cartography @ Han Qing/Planet Research Institute)
Gamebirds
It is usually fluid and has a short, pointed tail
Especially a pair of flippers
Make it have excellent swimming ability
The most typical gamebird
It is a bird of the order Goose-Duck family
These include common ducks, geese, swans, etc
(The Mandarin Duck family in Hangzhou's West Lake, photographer @ Yang Zhaofu)
There is a class of game birds
Morphologically similar to birds of the duck family
But the beak is pointed
Called 䴙䴘(pì tī)
They are as widespread throughout the country as the duck family
In rivers, lakes, swamps and other freshwater waters
Swim and dive forage
(Caught a fish in a small snout, photographer @CR400AF-0207)
Heavyweights in the gamebirds
It belongs to the pelican family
In addition to their regular game bird form
Also possesses a throat sac
Suitable for fishing and storing food
(White pelican in Shihezi City, Xinjiang, photographer @ Feng Jiang)
Another type of bird that specializes in fishing
cormorants
Extremely capable of diving
Ability to fish underwater for 1 minute
(Common cormorant fishing, photographer @ Zhu Runlu)
Unlike the wandering birds that roam the water
Waders are characterized by "three longs"
That is, long legs, long neck, long beak
Good at wading in the mudflat wetlands for food
Representative of Chinese waders
From the order Guàn and tí
Heliopods, héng(héng)-shaped orders
Stork birds
Contains the largest wading birds
The beak is thick and long
When fishing, it is like a sword that is fatal
(Oriental White Stork, photographer @ Zhu Runlu)
Pelican birds
It has a more elegant body shape
Such as spoonbills and crested ibises of the huán family
They usually nest in trees
Soar in flocks over wetlands
(A flock of spoonbills, flying in the air and standing in the water on the leftmost one is a white spoonbill, the tip of the beak is yellow, the rest of the beak is all black for black-faced spoonbills, photographer @ Sun Huajin)
Birds of the heron family Pelicans
Contains common types of heron birds
Such as herons, egrets, night herons
Most have long " S" shaped necks and broad wings
(Heron fishing, photographer @ Yang Xudong)
Crane-shaped birds
These include smaller buzzards
But the most well-known
Or "big tall" such as grey cranes, black-necked cranes, and red-crowned cranes
(Please watch horizontally, red-crowned crane, photographer @ Sun Huajin)
Birds of the order Plover
Most are highly dependent on wetland habitats
Among them, the sandpiper (yù), the anti-billed sandpiper and other birds
Prefers coastal lagoons, salt pans and fish ponds
They are slender
The beak is very distinctive
Some bend upwards, some shaped like spoons
Some are as thin as a pair of chopsticks
(Black-winged sandpiper, photographer @ Yang Xudong)
In the game birds and waders
There is a category that is particularly brave
They yearn for the rough sea
It is often lived in coastal wetlands or islands
Therefore, it is also known as an oceanic bird
Their biggest feature
Most have a pair of blade-like wings
In the face of the fierce sea breeze, it seems to be able to break through the wind
Some are also highly skilled in swimming and diving
Ability to dive under the surface of the sea to fish
Petrels and albatrosses
Puffins and diving birds
and frigate birds
Most of them are marine birds
(White-spotted frigate bird photographed at Miyun Reservoir in Beijing, photographer @ Xu Yongchun)
More common marine birds
It is a variety of gulls
They don't just soar over the coastal areas
Also deep inland
It inhabits lakes far from the ocean
(Red-billed gull from Dianchi Lake, Kunming, Yunnan, photographer @ Lu Wen)
Game birds and waders
Highly dependent on waters for survival
So in the long process of evolution
Changes in the Earth's glacial and interglacial periods
Forced to evolve migratory habits
Migration routes for birds around the world
Three pass through China
In these three paths
Pass one of the eastern monsoon zones
There are numerous wetlands along the way
Vegetation is also the most lush
Thus about 76% of migratory birds
All concentrated on this route
(Migratory passages and migratory birds in China, most of which are nomads and waders, cartography @ Chen Zhihao/Planet Research Institute)
Whenever the migration season comes
Migratory birds are poised to take off
Forming an overwhelming army of migrants
(Please watch horizontally, Xinjiang Zhaosu County Carkent grassland, flocks of flying cranes, photographer @ Lai Yuning)
They fly over snow-capped mountains and plateaus
(Bird flying over Hengduan Mountain, photographer @ Xiong Ke)
Fly over rivers, lakes and seas
(Green-headed and spot-billed ducks flying over Red Beach, photographer @ Yan Jinglong)
Fly over the desert Gobi
(Red hemp duck in the Badain Jaran Desert, photographer @ Wu Wei)
Fly over the prairie
Eventually reach the breeding ground or wintering ground
One of the most spectacular migrations on earth
(Little Swan flying over the grassland, photographer @ Liu Lu)
When birds of prey occupy high in the air
Landfowl are all over the land
Gamers and waders cruise in rivers, lakes and seas
There is also a flock of birds
A unique habitat was chosen
forest
There are plenty of opportunities here
It is also full of crises and competition
04
Heart of the Forest
This group is mainly in a forest environment
Climb and fly birds between the branches
It is called climbing bird
To adapt to the life of climbing
There are some special changes in the toes of climbing birds
From the "three before one after" off the toe foot
It evolved into "two front and two back" of the pair of toe feet, heterototoes
Or three toes forward but the base heals the parallel toe feet
and the foretoe feet with all four toes forward
(Morphological characteristics of climbing birds and bird toes, cartography @ Han Qing/Planet Research Institute)
There are many types of climbing birds and different forms
But it roughly includes four branches
And evolved different ways of survival
The first clades are more primitive taxa
Includes Nighthawks and Swifts
Nighthawk birds
Has "invisibility"
They lie dormant in trees during the day
Almost motionless
Mottled feathers make it perfectly "invisible"
And under the cover of night
They spread their wings and glide
Catch nocturnal insects in the woods
(Ordinary nighthawk that almost blends with the trunk, photographer @ Ho Wenbo)
Swift birds
It's the "Master Climber."
They mostly live in cliffs or caves
Or build a nest under the eaves of a human
They have all four toes with forward fore-toe feet
Help it cling to the eaves and edges of the nest
(Ordinary Swift, photographer @ He Wenbo)
The second branch
It is a bird of the order Oriole
Including the various cuckoos we are familiar with
Most of them
They all have a unique skill of "tanuki cat for prince"
Nest parasitism
That is, the parent birds themselves do not build nests and breed chicks
Instead, bird eggs are laid in other bird nests
After the young birds hatch
Or push other eggs from the nest out of the nest
Or use high-pitched chirps to grab the attention of righteous relatives
Occupy the nest and monopolize the food
(Righteous relatives are feeding the big cuckoo cubs, photographer @ Wu Wancai)
The third branch
It mainly lives in forests
The variety is more diverse
Among them are the birds of the order Crateridae
The plumage is very colorful
It is widely distributed in South China
(Red-headed bite, photographer @ Wang Bingrui)
Hornbills - Birds of the family Hornbillaceae
Mostly feed on the fruits of banyan trees
Therefore, it is mostly distributed in Yunnan and Guangxi
It is famous for its well-developed helmet protrusions
(Double-horned hornbill, photographer @ Zhu Bianyong)
Dai Sheng, who also belongs to the order of hornbills
It is widely distributed throughout the country
The helmet protrusion of the head is replaced by a crown of feathers
(Dai Sheng of the Forbidden City, photographer @ Liu Ye Deuterium)
Among the Buddhist monks and birds
Kingfisher family
Capable of extremely fast speed
Rush into the water to hunt
(Kingfishers in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, catching shrimp, photographer @ Zhao Yongqing)
bee-eater
It is the opposite of kingfishers
Most species live in deserts and shrublands
Feeds on insects such as bees
(Blue-throated bee tiger, photographer @ Wang Yuming)
The largest flock of climbing birds
It is the order Woodpecker
Their beaks are cone-shaped and strong
meantime
Woodpeckers have superb "shock absorption" abilities
The special structure of its skull
Enables woodpeckers to strike at high speed on tree trunks in search of food
And not to get a concussion
(Big gold-backed woodpecker, photographer @ Zhu Bianyong)
The fourth branch of the climbing bird
It is a bird of the order Psittaculaceae - Psittaculidae
They have the most developed pair of toe feet
The plumage is bright and the tail feathers are long
It lives in the upper middle class of the forest
Parrots are not only capable of imitating human language
More complex social behaviours have also developed
Communicate through tweets and enjoy cluster activities
(A group of large purple-breasted parrots in Bomi, Tibet, photographer @ Lin Sen)
These characteristics of parrots
It is the birds that go down
The cornerstone of the evolution of more powerful taxa
This taxon is the most diverse
The largest number, the widest distribution, the most adaptable
They are the key to such success
It doesn't depend on strength and agility
It's the "mind."
05
Hundreds of schools of thought
Small and flexible body
Diverse colors and forms
Plus the gentle singing
This bird taxon is known
songbird
i.e. all passeriformes birds
They get their name from their special chirping
(The Oriental Reed Warbler who is singing, photographer @ Liu Chen)
When birds court
The frequency of the sound emitted varies widely
Syllable forms are more diverse
The timbre is also mostly pleasant to the ear
Hence the name "Singing"
And the usual contact, vigilance
There will be no such rich variation
Hence the name "tweet"
Most have more complex vocal tubes and vocal muscles
Therefore, most of the birds that can sing are songbirds
(Morphological characteristics of songbirds, cartography @ Han Qing/Planet Research Institute)
But the beautiful singing is only a superficial phenomenon
Behind it is the more developed brains of songbirds
That's why
Songbirds became the most successful flock of birds
Species account for about 3/5 of all bird species
It is the most common bird
The two largest of these taxa
They are called finches and crows
Finches are divided into the family Pterophoridae, the family Warbler, and the family Finches
The three main families include most Chinese songbirds
(Chinese Songbird Classification Tree Sketch, Cartography @ Zheng Borong/Planet Research Institute)
The first is the General Family of Wēng
Among them the Grebe family
It is the largest songbird group in Eurasia
It is also widely distributed in China, with more than 100 species
Birds include birds such as plover, plover (qú), and jí.d.
(Female blue-fronted red-tailed plover, photographer @ Wu Wei)
Finches
At the same time, it also contains the most common sparrows and literary birds
(Sparrow stand full of wires, a hard to find, photographer @ Xu Jianghua)
And a large number of forms and colors vary
Finches that do not often appear in towns
Some of them are endemic to China
(Ordinary Suzaku, photographer @ Wu Wei)
Oriole family
It can be called a large collection of songbirds
Various warblers
Tree warblers, willow warblers, reed warblers, locust warblers, fan-tailed warblers
(Oriental Reed Warbler, photographer @ Wu Wei)
Various partridges (méi)
Forest Grebe, Ghostbird, Sparrowhawk
Noisy Grebe, Warbler, Scaly-breasted Wren (jiāo méi)
(Black Chin Phoenix, Photographer @ Li Qiang)
Various swallows
House swallow, sand swallow, rock swallow
Hairy-footed swallow, golden-waisted swallow, stone swallow
They are all members of the large family of warblers
(Ya Shayan, photographer @ Yang Xudong)
A large family of passeriformes
There are also many members of different shapes
They do not belong to any of these taxa
But the forms are more diverse and adapt to different habitats
(In order, shou belt, long-tailed broadbill, fairy eight colored bird, photographer @ Sun Huajin, Liu Lu, Sun Huajin)
If you look at it geographically
China's southern mountains have the most songbirds
Actually the southern mountains of China
It is the evolutionary center of modern songbirds
The ancestors of songbirds are about 15 million years old
Come here from the rainforest of Indonesia
Begin to evolve explosively
(Please view horizontally, the origin and diffusion pattern of modern passeriformes songbirds, cartography @ Chen Zhihao/Planet Research Institute)
This is why there are species outbreaks
It lies in the diverse environment of the mountains in southern China
Complex and diverse ecological niches in forests
From the cover and herbaceous layers to the shrub layers
Then to the tree layer, the canopy layer
Different species of songbirds occupy different niches
The kaleidoscopic nature of the production form
(Schematic of the vertical structure of the forest, cartography @ Zheng Borong/Planet Research Institute)
One of the most pronounced changes occurs in the beak
Insectivores that feed on insects
The beak is pointed and straight, like tweezers
Ability to accurately capture insects
( Female bird of blue-fronted red-tailed plover in Qilian Mountain, the white line in the picture is a sticky bodily fluid of arthropods, photographer @ Wu Wei)
Honey-eating birds that feed on nectar
The beak is slender and curved
To adapt to the shape of the flower
(Fork-tailed sunbird, photographer @ Sun Huajin)
And the grain-eating birds that feed on seeds and fruits
The beak is short, pointed and cone-shaped, resembling nut pliers
(Black-tailed wax-billed finch, photographer @ Qige)
There is also a species of interlocutor finches
The upper and lower parts of the beak intersect with each other
Specially used for feeding on pine nuts
(Yunnan Pudatso's red-billed sparrow, photographer @ Lin Sen)
Different diets
A wide variety of bird beak forms are created
It's like a tool with a fine division of labor
(Beak type of birds with different feeding habits, cartography @ Zheng Borong/Planet Research Institute)
Except for the difference in eating habits
The breeding habits of different songbirds also have their own characteristics
The most obvious is the difference in bird's nests
Bird's nests are birds that breed offspring
A place to store eggs
In order to prevent being invaded by natural enemies
Many birds build their nests in trees
Woven from branches into a dish or dish
Is to weave a nest
(Magpie's Nest in Beihai Park, Beijing, Image source @ Visual China)
Long-tailed slit leaf warbler
The blades are perforated
Reuse of plant fibers or spider silk
Weave the leaves into bags
A special type of weaving nest is formed, the leaf nest
(Leaf nest of the long-tailed slit leaf warbler, photographer @ Liang Zhijian)
There are also many species of birds
Fine bag nests are woven
Among them, there are many ways to knot the fibers
This makes the nest surface tight and firm
Weatherproof on the outside and spacious on the inside
It can be called a "five-star" nest
(The weaving nest of the Chinese climbing bird, photographer @ Sun Huajin)
In addition to the variety of woven nests
Songbirds also build burrows, ground nests, etc
It's a kaleidoscope
(Different Nest Types, Cartography @ Borong Cheng/Planet Research Institute)
It is with this diversity
Songbirds gradually spread throughout the country and even the world
And in the process
One of the most progressive taxa of songbirds appeared
That is, birds of the order Crows
These include common magpies, crows, etc
They have a very strong memory
And plenty of curiosity
In all kinds of tests
Representation of birds such as crows and magpies
It is comparable to primates
(Big-billed crow, photographer @ Ren Fantasy)
Developed brain
Make the crows highly socialized
There are complex ways and organizations of communication
This makes some of them kind
Adapted to the skills that accompany humans
Become one of the most common birds around us
(Please watch horizontally, the red-billed mountain crow in contact with people by namtso Lake in Tibet, photographer @ Li Heng)
So far
Birds of prey, land birds, game birds
Wading birds, climbing birds, songbirds
The 6 major ecological types of Chinese birds have all appeared
From the sky to the land
From the rivers to the ocean
From desert to city
From the wilderness that no one knows
To the bustling crowds
They spread their wings
Share this sky with us
The emergence of humans
It also had a huge impact on birds
At the same time that a few birds learn to live in symbiosis with humans
There are also many birds
Lose the forests, grasslands, and wetlands on which to survive
Even lost due to human activities
(Some kind of sandpiper trapped on the Internet, photographer @ Ye Jin)
Recently
China has established nature reserves such as Chongming and Qinghai Lake
In order to restore the ecology and protect the natural environment on which birds depend for their livelihood
At the beginning of 2020, the state will further legislate
All wild birds are included in the scope of conservation management
And for us
Bird watching, bird catching
It is the first step in promoting bird conservation
More than 1400 species of Chinese birds
More than 1400 different kinds of beauty
It belongs to this blue sky
The most precious treasure
This article is written by the creative team
Author: Cheng Bingji
Image: Day sleep
Design: Zheng Borong, Han Qing
Map: Chen Zhihao
Reviewers: Xu Kai, Fengzi, Zheng Yi
Cover photographer: Liu Lu
Expert review
Member of the Editorial Board of the Handbook of Bird Observation in China, Special Editor
Special Editor of Bird Behavior Illustrated Book Wang Ruiqing
Huang Mingpan
【Reference】
Liu Yang,Chen Shuihua. Handbook of Chinese Bird Observation[M]. Hunan Science and Technology Press, 2021.
Zheng Guangmei. List of birds taxonomy and distribution in China, 3rd edition[M]. Science Press, 2017.
[3] Pigot A.L.et al. Macroevolutionary convergence connects morphological form to ecological function in birds. Nat Ecol Evol, 2020.
[4] Stephen L.et al. The Origin and Diversification of Birds. Current Biology, 2015.
[GENG Hui et al. Vocal organs and their regulatory mechanisms in birds[J]. Chinese Journal of Biophysics, 2005.
Jon F. Global diversification of songbirds (songbird suborder) and the formation of diversity hotspots in China-Himalayas[J]. Chinese Birds, 2013.
Zhao Hongfeng et al. Overview of the classification and origin of passeriformes advanced order[J]. Journal of Animal Taxonomy, 2004.
Wang Lin et al. Review of cognitive research on birds of the family Ravenidae[J]. Journal of Zoology, 2020.
Planet Research Institute
A group of National Geographic controllers focused on exploring the ultimate world
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