Since the beginning of reform and opening up, China's market economy has developed rapidly, the people's living standards have been continuously improved, and various emerging things have continuously entered the people's lives. Coffee, as a soft drink, has become ubiquitous in every household. With the increasing demand for coffee in people's lives, how to ensure the quality of coffee, improve production, and ensure food safety has become the focus of current research. Based on this, through the analysis of the planting management and health safety management of ecological coffee, the matters that need to be paid attention to in the planting process and the measures to improve the health and safety level of coffee are briefly discussed. Details are as follows:
With the improvement of living standards, people's requirements for quality of life are getting higher and higher, and they are becoming more and more particular about diet and paying more and more attention to food safety issues. As one of the world's three major soft drinks, coffee can not only meet people's leisure needs in life, but also bring people certain economic benefits. However, with the increase in people's demand, and the need for relevant enterprises to urgently increase production to seize the market share, the quality of coffee on the market is uneven, the health and safety of coffee is worrying, so it is urgent to strengthen the management of ecological coffee planting, to fundamentally improve the yield and quality of coffee.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >, the cultivation and management of ecological coffee</h1>
1.1 Choose the right planting environment
When selecting coffee types, varieties with high yields and low management costs should be selected as much as possible, and the local natural environment should be fully considered when selecting. Temperature, light, water, soil is an indispensable condition for plant growth, coffee is a tropical cash crop, so there are high requirements for temperature, the temperature is generally maintained at 19 ~ 21 ° C, the temperature is too low can easily lead to seedlings and plants being frostbitten, seriously affecting the growth of coffee, is not conducive to the maturity of seeds and even lead to plant death. Coffee on the soil requirements are not high, as long as the selection of loose soil, fertility, conducive to drainage, can ensure the healthy growth of coffee soil can be.
1.2 Strengthen the management of seedlings
Before sowing, it is necessary to disinfect the seeds, select sand beds to germinate, and move the seedlings into the nutrition bag and cut off the root tips when the seedlings grow butterfly-like, so as to prevent the problem of shallow transplanting, and pay attention to the different standards of the nutrition bags of the seedlings and the seedlings of the year. In the process of coffee growth, it is necessary to regularly turn the soil to promote better growth of plants, but because coffee is a shallow root crop, it is not advisable to turn the soil frequently. In the process of turning the soil, attention should be paid to shallow flipping between the coffee seedlings, breaking the soil blocks, basically keeping the table top level, and removing weeds in the canopy by hand. Before the rainy season, turn deeply to keep the soil loose to reduce the impact on coffee growth.
The healthy growth of any plant is inseparable from fertilizer, and the same is true for coffee, which must be fertilized regularly to ensure its healthy growth. In the process of fertilization, we must adhere to the principles of diligent application, thin application, economy and reasonableness. In different growth periods to choose different fertilizers, to choose the type of fertilizer according to the time, in terms of dosage should also pay attention to proportions, can not blindly think that the more applied the better, but also can not be too little, otherwise it is easy to lead to yellow leaves, withering, fruit fall, premature aging and other phenomena, is not conducive to the growth of coffee. The temperature suitable for coffee growth is also suitable for the breeding of diseases and insects, and there are hundreds of types of coffee diseases and insect pests known, so in order to ensure the healthy growth of coffee, pest control is an important task. In the process of pest control, it is necessary to focus on prevention, and adopt a variety of ways of agricultural control, physical control, biological control, and pharmaceutical control to minimize the impact of diseases and insects on the ecological environment of the coffee garden, so as to ensure the healthy growth of coffee.
1.3 Scientific harvesting and processing
Autumn is the season of coffee harvest, according to past experience, accurately judge the time that can be harvested, and put the harvested coffee beans in a ventilated, dry, cool place to store, to prevent coffee beans from moisture, while paying attention to the prevention of rat infestation. In the process of processing, it is necessary to have scientific and reasonable procedures and related management systems to ensure that the sanitary environment of production meets the standards, avoid the use of preservatives and other chemical additives, and ensure that coffee is green and healthy.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > second, the health and safety management of ecological coffee</h1>
2.1 Improve the production and processing system
Create a coffee safety regulatory agency, improve the management system in the production and processing process, clarify the responsibilities of various departments, and achieve clear rights and responsibilities in the process of law enforcement, and scientifically, reasonably and effectively inspect and test coffee hygiene and safety, so as to ensure the quality and safety of coffee.
2.2 Improve the health standard system
Under the premise of fully understanding the national inspection standards, we will continue to improve the coffee safety standards and inspection and testing system, clarify the coffee safety and health standards, and test the safety of coffee through a variety of means. Increase the detection of coffee. In the process of detection, we should also pay attention to information sharing, avoid repetitive detection, and reduce work efficiency. By increasing the intensity of testing, we will spur relevant enterprises to pay more attention to coffee safety issues, so as to ensure that the quality of coffee sold on the market meets relevant standards.
2.3 Improve equipment detection capabilities
With the advancement of science and technology, various equipment processes have become more refined, and investment in equipment should be increased, advanced technology and equipment should be introduced to improve the accuracy of coffee detection. At the same time, training should be organized for relevant personnel, relevant professional knowledge should be learned, the theory and practice should be combined, and the practical operation ability of testing personnel should be improved, so as to improve the detection level of coffee safety.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > third, summary</h1>
With the development of the economic level and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, higher requirements have been put forward for spiritual life. As a soft drink, coffee has entered every family, it can relieve fatigue, soothe the mood, is the best choice for leisure time. In daily life, people's demand for coffee is increasing, with the increase in demand, we have to consider how to increase production and how to clean up the market, so that the quality of coffee sold on the market can meet the standard. This paper mainly analyzes the management of ecological coffee cultivation and the management of ecological coffee hygiene and safety. In terms of planting, it is necessary to carefully plan from the beginning of seedling selection, select seedlings suitable for the natural environment of their own area, regularly carry out scientific and reasonable soil ploughing, insect removal, fertilization in the planting process, and choose a ventilated and dry place to store after harvesting, so as to ensure the safety of coffee. In terms of safety management, it is necessary to improve people's safety awareness and technical support by continuously improving various relevant management systems and inspection and testing means and standards, so as to ensure that the quality of coffee sold on the market meets the standards.
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