Xishuangbanna is a beautiful place!
Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture is one of the 8 autonomous prefectures in Yunnan Province, the capital of Jinghong City. Xishuangbanna is located at latitude 21°10'-22°40'N, longitude 99°55'-101°50'E, on the northern edge of the tropics south of the Tropic of Cancer, with an area of 19124.5 square kilometers, bordering Pu'er City to the northeast and northwest, Laos to the southeast, and Myanmar to the southwest, with a national border length of 966.3 kilometers, a river connecting six countries, with 4 state-level ports.
Xishuangbanna is located on the northern edge of the tropics and has a tropical monsoon climate. Xishuangbanna has jurisdiction over 1 county-level city and 2 counties, and in 2019, the ethnic minority population in Xishuangbanna was 790,300 people, and the Dai ethnic group was the main ethnic group, living in 13 ethnic groups. According to the data of the seventh population census, as of 00:00 on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture is 1301407 people.
Xishuangbanna is the most complete preservation of tropical ecosystems in China, known as "plant kingdom", "animal kingdom", "biological gene bank", "a green jewel on the laurels of the plant kingdom" and other reputations, has China's only tropical rainforest nature reserve, is a national ecological demonstration area, a national scenic spot, a member of the United Nations Biodiversity Conservation Circle, the United Nations World Tourism Organization tourism sustainable development observation point, plant species account for 1/6 of the country, animal species account for 1/4 of the country.
Xishuangbanna is China's second largest natural rubber production base, the original place of large-leaf tea, the hometown of Pu'er tea, built 1 5A-class scenic spot, 9 4A-class scenic spots, Xishuangbanna is famous for its tropical rainforest natural landscape and ethnic minority customs, is one of China's hot tourist cities, has won The most internationally influential tourist destination in China, one of the world's 12 hottest tourist destinations. In 2020, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture achieved a regional GDP of 60.418 billion yuan, an increase of 3.6% year-on-year.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" > scenic spots</h1>
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="227" > review</h1>
By the end of 2015, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture had a total of 1 national tourist resort, 1 provincial tourist resort and 17 A-class scenic spots, of which 1 was a 5A-class scenic spot, 9 were 4A-class scenic spots, 2 were 3A-class scenic spots, 2 were 2 A-class scenic spots, 3 were 1A-class scenic spots, and 5 towns were listed as national and provincial characteristic towns.
Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture is a national key scenic spot, a national ecological demonstration area, a member of the United Nations Network of Biosphere Reserves and an observation point for sustainable tourism development of the United Nations World Tourism Organization. Ethnic culture, ethnic customs, tropical rainforest, ornamental plants, wild animals and other natural and cultural landscapes are integrated, constituting a complete range of Xishuangbanna, all-weather and perennial rich tourism and holiday resources, Xishuangbanna Prefecture since the early 1980s to start tourism, is one of the earliest ethnic areas in China to develop tourism, Jinghong City has become one of the first batch of Outstanding Tourism Cities in China.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="230" > major attractions</h1>
Lookout Sky Tree Scenic Area
Xishuangbanna Tropical Rainforest National Park Wangtianshu Scenic Area is a national AAAA-level tourist scenic spot, the scenic spot is located in Yunnan Province Mengla Mohan National Key Development and Opening Experimental Zone, is an organic part of xishuangbanna national nature reserve and a typical representative of China's tropical rainforest, located 14 kilometers northeast of Mengla County, 134 kilometers away from Jinghong City, 60 kilometers away from the national first-class port of Mohan.
Menglun Botanical Garden
Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was founded on January 1, 1959 under the leadership of Professor Cai Xitao, a famous Chinese botanist, located in Menglun Town, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, covering an area of 1100 hectares and 570 meters above sea level, it is a comprehensive botanical garden integrating scientific research, species conservation and scientific popularization. It is a national science popularization education base and an AAAAA-level tourist scenic spot.
Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden
Wild Elephant Valley
Xishuangbanna Wild Elephant Valley is located in the Mengyang Nature Reserve north of Jinghong, located in the river valley where the east and west forest areas meet, 22 kilometers away from Jinghong City, and is a national park with the theme of animal protection and environmental protection.
Xishuangbanna Wild Elephant Valley
Dai Garden
Xishuangbanna Dai Nationality Park is a well-known brand of Chinese tourism and a national AAAA-level tourist scenic spot, located in Olive Dam, south of Lancang River, north of Longde Lake 27 kilometers away from Jinghong City, the capital of Xishuangbanna Prefecture. It is a tourist scenic spot in Xishuangbanna Prefecture that concentrates on displaying the characteristics of Dai religion, history, culture, customs, architecture, clothing and diet. The main scenic spot is composed of five of the best-preserved Dai natural villages of Manjiang (篾taozhai), Manchunman (Garden Village), Mancha (Chef Village), Manga (Chaoji Village), and Manting (Palace Garden Village).
Xishuangbanna Dai Nationality Park
Xishuangbanna Primitive Forest Park
Xishuangbanna Primitive Forest Park was created on the basis of 27,025.5 acres of tropical valley rainforest, 6 kilometers north of Jinghong City, located next to the 214 (Kunluo) National Highway. The park is characterized by three themes: "Tropical Valley Rainforest, Peacock Flying and Wildlife Display, and Hani Love Culture", and there are well-preserved tropical valley rainforests south of the Tropic of Cancer. [50]
Xishuangbanna Tropical Flower Garden
Xishuangbanna Tropical Flower Garden is located in the urban area of Jinghong City, Yunnan Province, covering an area of 120 hectares, is a national science popularization education base, a national patriotic education demonstration base, and a national AAAA-level tourist scenic spot. In 2010, the National Natural Science Foundation of China awarded the "National University Students Field Practice Base".
Mengli Great Buddha Temple
Located on the outskirts of Jinghong City, the capital of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, Mengli Great Buddha Temple is the largest southern Buddhist temple in China, and it was restored and rebuilt on the site of the ancient Dai Dynasty's royal temple "Jingpiao Buddha Temple". [52]
Man listen to the Royal Garden
The predecessor of Manting Royal Garden is Dai Wang Royal Garden, located at No. 35 Manting Road, Jinghong City Center, where xishuangbanna is located, which was rebuilt in 1982 with the funds of the Royal Garden Site, and officially opened to tourists in April 1985, as a national AAAA-level tourist attraction. The scenic spot covers an area of more than 400 acres, and is divided into national cultural square, royal garden cultural area (lotus garden, orchid garden, leaf garden), release cultural area, Buddhist cultural area, royal elephant cultural area, iron knife wood forest area, national song and dance performance field, etc.
History
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="7" > place-name origin</h1>
"Xishuangbanna" is a Dai word, "Xishuang" means twelve, and "Banna" means an administrative unit that provides feudal taxes (literally translated as "twelve thousand rice fields"), which actually refers to twelve administrative regions.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="9" > construction history</h1>
Xishuangbanna was called Mengli in ancient times, and the ancestors of Mengli were a branch of the ancient Yue people. During the Three Kingdoms, the Two Jin Dynasties and before it was under the jurisdiction of Yongchang County. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the 12 Dai tribes around Xishuangbanna, known as the Mengxi Kingdom, were all in Jingde, and the Fengtian Dynasty was awarded the title of "Heavenly King". From the 8th to the 10th century, the Mengli regime was under the jurisdiction of the Tang Dynasty local government "Nanzhao" Yinsheng Jiedu.
In the 30th year of Shaoxing of the Southern Song Dynasty (1160), the Dai leader Paya Zhen unified Mengli and established the "Jinglong Golden Palace State" in Jinghong, which was under the jurisdiction of the southern Song Dynasty local government "Dali". Paya Zhen enshrined the Heavenly Dynasty as the "Co-Lord" and accepted the title of feudal dynasty, and later, when Paya Zhen's fourth son, Sang Kai Leng, succeeded to his father's throne, he was given the title of "King of the Nine Dragon River (Lancang River)" by the Heavenly Dynasty.
After the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Song Dynasty, a province was established in Yunnan, dividing Yunnan into 37 roads and 5 provinces, and the area around Mengli was called "Cheli Road". After that, the area around Mengli began to implement the toast system, and in the second year of Yuan Zhen (1296), the "Cheli Road Military and Civilian Governor's Office" was set up in Cheli, which governed the area around Mengli. In the fourth year of Taiding (1327), the "Cheli Military and Civilian Propaganda envoy division" was re-established, and Kan Meng was appointed as the envoy of consolation.
In the fourth year of Ming Muzong Longqing (1570), in order to distribute tribute, XuanWei envoy Zhao Yingmeng divided the area under his jurisdiction into 12 "He Circles", that is, "Xishuangbanna" (meaning 12 Banna), which is the origin of the name Xishuangbanna.
In the 34th year of the Qing Dynasty (1908), a war broke out in Xishuangbanna between Mengsha, Liushun and Dingzhen Three Toasts and Menghai, Mengchao Toast and Jinghong Xuanwei Envoy Division, and the Yunnan authorities sent troops into Xishuangbanna to bomb and suppress.
In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), on the basis of the toast system, the "Pusi Border Administrative General Bureau" was established, dividing Xishuangbanna into eight administrative districts, with Ke Shuxun as the director of the general bureau, which belonged to Southern Yunnan Province and Pu'er Province successively.
In the sixteenth year of the Republic of China (1927), seven counties and Linjiang administrative districts were established, including Cheli, Fohai, Wufu (Nanjiao), Xiangming, Puwen, Lushan (Liushun), and Zhenyue, which belonged to Pu'er Province.
In the 37th year of the Republic of China (1948), it belonged to the Office of the Administrative Inspector of the Seventh District (stationed in Pu'er).
On February 17, 1950, the whole territory of Xishuangbanna was liberated, and the four counties of Cheli, Fohai, Nanya and Zhenyue successively established county people's governments, which were subordinate to Pu'er Special District.
On January 23, 1953, the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Region was formally established, with the capital of the autonomous region in Jinghong, and the autonomous region was entrusted by the People's Government of Yunnan Province to the Pu'er Commissioner's Office (renamed simao commissioner's office after 1955). On May 6, the second (expanded) meeting of the people's government of the autonomous region abolished the establishment of the four counties of Cheli, Fohai, Nanjiao and Zhenyue in accordance with the approval documents of the central and provincial governments, and in accordance with traditional customs, the jurisdiction was redivided into 12 Banna and two ethnic autonomous regions, one district and one production and cultural station, that is, the establishment of 12 Banna governments of Jinghong, Mengyang, Menglong, Mengwang, Menghai, Mengchao, Meng'a, Mengsha, Xiding, Mengla, Mengbao, Yiwu and the Gelang and Hani Autonomous Regions (under the leadership of Banna Menghai), Yiwu Yao Autonomous Region (under the leadership of Banna Yiwu), Brown Mountain (under the leadership of Banna Mengchao), Kinolok Production culture station (under the leadership of Banna Mengyang).
In June 1955, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Region was changed to Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture.
On July 12, 1957, the State Council approved the merger of the twelve banna into the county-level Banna Jinghong, Banna Menghai, Banna Mengsha, Banna Yiwu, and Banna Mengla.
On July 30, 1959, the banna system was abolished, and the five county-level banna were merged into Jinghong County, Menghai County, and Mengla County.
In August 1973, with the approval of the State Council, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture was directly led by the Yunnan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Revolutionary Committee of Yunnan Province, and since then, Xishuangbanna Prefecture and Simao Prefecture have been separated and began to exercise the functions and powers of the autonomous prefecture.
On December 22, 1993, with the approval of the State Council, Jinghong County was abolished and Jinghong City was established (on February 12, 1994, the Municipal People's Government was established).
Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="29" > administrative division</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="31" > zoning history</h1>
In 1959, Yiwu County was abolished and merged into Mengla County; Mengsha County was abolished and merged into Menghai County.
In December 1993, Jinghong County was abolished and Jinghong City was established.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="34" > zoning details</h1>
Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture administers a total of 3 county-level administrative districts, including 1 county-level city and 2 counties, namely Jinghong City, Menghai County and Mengla County. In addition, xishuangbanna tourist resort, Mengla (Mohan) key development and opening pilot zone (China Laos Mohan-Moding Economic Cooperation Zone), Jinghong Industrial Park, 31 townships and 1 subdistrict office, 12 farms, 223 administrative villages, 41 communities (34 urban communities, 7 farm communities), 2254 villager groups, stationed in 6 central and provincial scientific research units. The People's Government of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture is stationed at No. 69 Xuanwei Avenue, Jinghong City.
Geographical environment
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="38" > location domain</h1>
Xishuangbanna is located at latitude 21°10′-22°40′ north latitude and longitude 99°55′-101°50′ east, on the northern edge of the tropics south of the Tropic of Cancer. It has an area of 19,124.5 square kilometers, bordering Pu'er City to the northeast and northwest, Laos to the southeast, and Myanmar to the southwest, with a length of 966.3 kilometers. The highest point in the prefecture is the slippery bamboo liangzi in Mengsong Township, Menghai County, at an altitude of 2429 meters, and the lowest point is the confluence of the Lancang River and the Nanla River, at an altitude of 477 meters.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="40" > geological formations</h1>
Xishuangbanna straddles the Tanggula-Qamdo-Lanping-Simao and Gongshan-Tengchong fold systems, with the Lancang River fault as the dividing line. The former is a half-slope compound anticline and Dehua compound oblique, and the latter occupies the southeast end of the Lincang-Menghai fold system.
The half-slope compound anticline is built from Mesozoic compound stone, medium acidic, and middle base volcanoes with mainly millstone construction, and the red construction is sporadically exposed, and the Cenozoic millstone construction is not integrated. Dehua compound oblique, Mesozoic red construction is distributed in a large area, and the local construction is grinding stone construction, carbonate construction and coal-bearing clastic construction. At the southeast end of the Lincang-Menghai fold, the Proterozoic Lancang Group and the Damenglong metamorphic rock are exposed, and the granite foundation of the Menghai granite of the Hualixi-Indochinese period occupies a large space.
Satellite view of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="44" > topography</h1>
Xishuangbanna is located in the southern extension of the Hengduan Mountains, at the end of the fold system of the Nu River, Lancang River and Jinsha River, with mountain hills accounting for about 95%, and mountain basins (dams) and river valley floors accounting for about 5%. The whole state is high around, low in the middle, high in the northwest, and low in the southeast. Bounded by the Lancang River, it is divided into three geomorphological areas: central, western and eastern. The Wuliang Mountains in the east run through the northeast of Jinghong City and Mengla County, with an altitude of 1000-1500 meters. In the west, the nu river range is distributed throughout Menghai County. With the exception of a few bead-like basins and low mountains, most of them are cut mountains, and the altitude of the mountains is between 1500-2000 meters. The central part is eroded by the lower reaches of the Lancang River and its tributaries into a wide valley basin surrounded by numerous open low gorges and mountains, concentrated in the western part of Jinghong City, the south and the southern part of Mengla County, with relatively gentle terrain and an altitude of between 500-1000 meters.
The entire terrain of Xishuangbanna is mostly a highly cut mountainous landform. The highest point in the prefecture is in the northeast of Menghai, with an altitude of 2429.5 meters, and the lowest point is in the Lancang River Valley southwest of Lianggejiao in Mengla County, at an altitude of 470 meters.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="48" > river system</h1>
The rivers in Xishuangbanna belong to the Lancang River system. There are 2761 large and small rivers, with a total length of 12177 kilometers and a river network density of 0.633 square kilometers. The region is rich in water resources, with a total of 14.5 billion cubic meters.
The Lancang River originates from the Zhaqu of Gangguori Peak in the Tanggula Mountains of Qinghai Province, China, and flows from Qamdo after the Lancang River, with a total length of 2,354 kilometers and a basin area of 165,000 square kilometers, of which 2,198 kilometers in China, is the longest north-south river in China. The total length of the main stream of the Lancang River in Jinghong City is 174 kilometers, the basin area is 7,093 square kilometers, and the annual runoff is 5.789 billion cubic meters. The large flow of river water appears in September, with a maximum annual flow of 12,800 cubic meters per second; the minimum flow of 359 cubic meters per second occurs in April; and the average annual flow rate is 1,845 cubic meters per second. The Lancang River flows out of the country at the confluence of the Nanla River in Neimengla County, and is called the Mekong River, which flows through Southeast Asia, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam before flowing into the South China Sea.
The Lancang River in Xishuangbanna
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="52" > climate characteristics</h1>
Xishuangbanna is located on the northern edge of the tropics, with Ailao Mountain and Wuliang Mountain as a barrier in the north, blocking the cold current in the south; the east and west sides of the south are close to the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal, and the summer is affected by the southwest monsoon of the Indian Ocean and the southeast air current of the Pacific Ocean, resulting in high temperature and rain, dry and wet seasons and four seasons are not obvious, so the climate of Xishuangbanna is warm and humid all year round, there is no distinction between four seasons, only the difference between dry and wet seasons, the dry season from November to April of the following year, and the wet season from May to October.
Xishuangbanna has abundant rainfall and plenty of sunshine, with an annual rainfall of 1136-1513 mm. During the wet season, there are many clouds and rain, small wind speed, little sunshine, high temperature and high humidity. During the dry season, there is less rain and clouds, strong light and heavy fog. The average annual temperature in Xishuangbanna is between 18.9 °C and 22.6 °C.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="55" > natural resources</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="57" > mineral resources</h1>
Xishuangbanna minerals include rock salt, iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, rare earths (phosphorus yttrium ore, monazite), lignite, oil shale, lead, zinc, mercury, tungsten, gold, kaolin and other minerals. Iron ore reserves of 118 million tons, distributed in Jinghong City, Jiangfeng, Huimin, Damenglong, Manyang, Mengla County, Xinshan, Menghai County, Xiding, Manlai, Jiliang and other places. The salt ore reserves are 25 billion tons, and the salt-bearing area is about 548 square kilometers, which are mainly distributed in Mengban, Shangyong, Moxie and other places in the eastern part of Mengla County. The coal reserves are 14.5 million tons, mainly distributed in Dahegou, Manyang, Menggang, Mengxiang in Menghai County, Mengyang, Puwen, Jingna and Mengyuan and Shangyong in Mengla County, Jinghong County.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="60" > water resources</h1>
The amount of surface water resources in Xishuangbanna can be divided into three parts: one is the transit water volume of the main stream of the Lancang River, with a total runoff of 55.52 billion cubic meters; the other is that the rivers originating from abroad flow into the territory of the state, with a total of 2.36 billion cubic meters; and the third is the surface water generated by rainfall in the state, with a total of 11.92 billion cubic meters. The total amount of water flowing out of Xishuangbanna reached 69.5 billion cubic meters; the total groundwater resources reached 2.252 billion cubic meters. Xishuangbanna has theoretical hydropower reserves of 5.2923 million kilowatts, and the annual power generation capacity can reach 46.3 billion kWh。 There are 8 main rivers: Lancang River, Puwen River, Supplementary Yuan River, Liusha River, Nan'a River, Nanla River, Nanlan River and Nanguo River.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="62" > biological resources</h1>
Xishuangbanna is the most well-preserved area of tropical ecosystem in China, with a forest area of 1.5485 million hectares in the whole prefecture, 4.02 million mu of 6 national nature reserves in the Mengyang, Mengla, Menglun, Shangyong, Manwen and Nabanhe river basins, of which 700,000 mu are well-protected primary forests, with more than 5,000 kinds of higher plants, including 153 species of endemic plants, such as Wangtianshu, Banna Qingmei, Yunnan Nutmeg, etc.; 134 species of endangered plants, such as Southwest Ziwei, Tielimu, Yunnan Shizi, Yunnan Meidengmu, etc. A large number of plant species grow interlaced with each other, forming a complex and diverse vegetation landscape such as tropical rain forest, tropical monsoon forest, subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, moss evergreen broad-leaved forest, South Asian tropical coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest, bamboo mixed forest, and shrub forest. There are 1724 species of Chinese herbal medicine in the state, and more than 500 kinds have been identified.
Xishuangbanna has 762 species of vertebrates (including 539 species of terrestrial vertebrates), accounting for 1/4 of the national vertebrate species; more than 3,000 species of invertebrates, 427 species of birds, accounting for 36% of the number of bird species in the country; 108 species of mammals, 74 species of reptile wildlife, and 100 species of fish. There are 109 species of rare animals listed as national key protection, preserving the largest population of wild Asian elephants in China (about 300 heads), and rare animals such as bison, Indochina tigers, green peacocks, monitor lizards, pythons and shrews only produced here are more concentrated.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="66" > population</h1>
As of 2019, the total permanent population of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture was 1.196 million, an increase of 0.80 million over the end of the previous year, of which the urban permanent population was 588,200, accounting for 49.18% of the total permanent population, an increase of 1.16 percentage points over the end of the previous year. The annual birth rate was 12.49 per thousand, the mortality rate was 5.79 per thousand, and the natural growth rate was 6.70 per thousand. At the end of the year, the total registered population was 1,014,600. Among them, the urban population is 404,900, accounting for 39.91% of the total registered population; the ethnic minority population is 790,300, accounting for 77.90% of the total household registration population.
According to the data of the seventh population census, as of 00:00 on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture is 1301407 people.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="70" > economy</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="72" > review</h1>
In 2020, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture achieved a regional GDP of 60.418 billion yuan, an increase of 3.6% year-on-year, ranking 12th in the province. Looking at the three industries: the primary industry achieved an added value of 13.826 billion yuan, an increase of 6.0% year-on-year; the secondary industry achieved an added value of 15.156 billion yuan, an increase of 10.0%; the tertiary industry achieved an added value of 31.436 billion yuan, down 0.5%. By county (city) look: Jinghong City GDP completed 31.664 billion yuan, an increase of 3.5%; Menghai County GDP completed 16.073 billion yuan, an increase of 5.1%; Mengla County GDP completed 12.681 billion yuan, an increase of 2.2%
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="74" > primary industry</h1>
In 2020, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture was 23.01 billion yuan, an increase of 6.0% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 0.4 percentage points higher than that of the previous year, ranking first in the province. Agriculture increased by 13.1 percent; forestry by 3.6 percent; animal husbandry by 24.6 percent; and fisheries by 13.2 percent. The output of major agricultural products maintained growth. Grain output was 476,400 tons, an increase of 0.8% year-on-year; dry rubber production was 312,000 tons, an increase of 1.9%; dried hair tea output was 55,700 tons, an increase of 8.2%; vegetable output was 399,600 tons, an increase of 13.3%. The output of fruits (including fruit melons) was 781,100 tons, an increase of 12.5%, and the output of aquatic products was 82,800 tons, an increase of 7.7%.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="76" > secondary industry</h1>
In 2020, the added value of industries above designated size in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture fell by 2.4% year-on-year, and the decline rate was narrowed by 14.2, 13.0 and 5.9 percentage points respectively compared with the first quarter, the first half of the year and the first three quarters, ranking 13th in the province. In three major categories, mining increased by 8.5% year-on-year, manufacturing fell by 1.2%, and electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply fell by 7.4%. By industry, iron ore mining and dressing industry increased by 16.2% year-on-year, sugar industry increased by 12.1%, refined tea processing industry increased by 10.6%, non-metallic mineral products industry increased by 6.9%, and power supply industry increased by 5.3%. In terms of counties and cities, Jinghong City fell by 13.0% year-on-year, Menghai County increased by 8.2%, and Mengla County increased by 6.2%.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="78" > tertiary industry</h1>
In 2020, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture achieved a total retail sales of social consumer goods of 27.252 billion yuan, down 12.9% year-on-year, and the decline rate was narrowed by 11.7, 4.0 and 2.0 percentage points respectively compared with the first quarter, the first half of the year and the first three quarters, ranking 15th in the province. According to the location of the business units, the retail sales of urban consumer goods fell by 13.8% year-on-year, and the retail sales of rural consumer goods fell by 8.3%. By consumption type, food and beverage revenue fell by 14.5% year-on-year; retail sales of goods fell by 12.5%. In terms of counties and cities, Jinghong City fell by 13.2% year-on-year, Menghai County fell by 14.3%, and Mengla County fell by 10.6%.
In 2020, the balance of RMB deposits of financial institutions in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture was 75.022 billion yuan, an increase of 8.9% year-on-year. Among them, household deposits were 46.541 billion yuan, an increase of 8.5%, and deposits of non-financial enterprises were 11.599 billion yuan, an increase of 15.8%. The balance of RMB loans of financial institutions was 52.935 billion yuan, an increase of 15.1% year-on-year. Among them, household loans were 29.845 billion yuan, an increase of 14.1%.
In 2020, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture received 19.8546 million domestic and foreign tourists, down 59.1% year-on-year, and the decline was 15.0, 14.3 and 7.8 percentage points narrower than the first quarter, the first half of the year and the first three quarters, respectively. The total tourism revenue was 36.997 billion yuan, down 55.3% year-on-year, and the decline was narrowed by 24.7, 24.7 and 17.2 percentage points respectively compared with the first quarter, the first half of the year and the first three quarters.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="83" > social cause</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="85" > education</h1>
In 2019, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture enrolled 3,109 students in general undergraduate college education, 5,508 students and 1,392 graduates. There are 1497 students enrolled in general secondary schools, 3796 students and 1138 graduates. Vocational secondary schools have an enrollment of 2065 students, 5890 students and 1707 graduates. The general high school has an enrollment of 5,600 students, 14,878 students and 4,039 graduates. There are 14,701 students enrolled in ordinary junior high schools, 41,599 students and 12,496 graduates. The enrollment of ordinary primary schools is 17,595, with 98,175 students and 15,446 graduates. There are 35,261 children in preschool education. The enrolment rate for primary school-age children is 99.92 per cent and that of lower secondary school age is 84.31 per cent.
In 2020, there were 2736 students enrolled in general undergraduate college education, 7432 students and 1121 graduates. There are 1389 students enrolled in general secondary schools, 3975 students and 1185 graduates. Vocational secondary schools have an enrollment of 2575 students, 6624 students and 1753 graduates. The general high school has an enrollment of 7,022 students, 17,093 students and 4,484 graduates. The enrollment of ordinary junior high schools is 14,799, with 43,184 students and 13,016 graduates. The enrollment of ordinary primary schools is 16,481, with 98,077 students and 15,495 graduates. There are 36,500 children in preschool education. The enrolment rate of primary school-age children is 99.9 per cent, the enrolment rate at the lower secondary level is 84.6 per cent, the gross enrolment rate at the upper secondary level is 91.6 per cent and the consolidation rate for nine-year compulsory education is 96.1 per cent.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="88" > science and technology business</h1>
Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture has 6 central and provincial scientific research units.
As of 2019, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture has spent 32.76 million yuan on science and technology. Implemented 43 national and provincial science and technology projects, and 6 state-level science and technology projects. There were 460 patent applications in the whole year, including 127 invention patent applications and 249 patent authorizations. There are 176 valid invention patents. In the whole year, 41 technical contracts were identified and registered, and the transaction amount was 176.79 million yuan, an increase of 18.0%. 20 provincial-level science and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, 1 provincial-level maker space enterprise, 2 provincial key laboratories, 1 scientific and technological achievement transformation center, an academician workstation were established, and a patent won the third prize of the provincial patent award.
Main research institutions: Tea Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops Science, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture Institute of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Branch of Institute of Medicinal Plants, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
In 2020, the general public budget expenditure of science and technology was 31.82 million yuan, an increase of 8.5% over the previous year. Organize the acceptance of 16 provincial science and technology plan projects and 4 state level science and technology plan projects. There are 3 high-tech enterprises in the cultivation and certification, 3 high-tech enterprise cultivation enterprises in the cultivation library, 25 national science and technology SMEs in the library, and 22 provincial science and technology SMEs on the record. 1 national-level "co-working space", 2 provincial-level "star creation space", 1 "co-creation space", and 1 provincial-level enterprise science and technology incubator have been identified. More than 40 enterprises were recommended to participate in the provincial innovation and entrepreneurship competition, 22 awards were awarded, and 1 enterprise was recommended to participate in the national science and technology innovation and entrepreneurship competition. At the end of the year, there were 211 patents in force, and it is estimated that there will be 1.75 invention patents per 10,000 people. In the whole year, 19 technical contracts were identified and registered, and the transaction amount of technical contracts was 13.73 million yuan.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="93" > cultural undertakings</h1>
As of 2019, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture has 4 art performance groups, 4 public libraries, 4 cultural centers, 2 museums, and 44 township cultural stations. In the whole year, the art group organized 383 domestic performances, with a domestic audience of 518,900 people. The total collection of public libraries is 244,900 volumes, with a total circulation of 393,500 people. At the end of the year, the comprehensive coverage rate of the broadcast population was 99.18%, and the comprehensive coverage rate of the television population was 99.18%.
At the end of 2020, there are 4 art performance groups, 4 public libraries, 4 cultural centers, 2 museums, and 44 township cultural stations in the state's cultural and tourism system. In the whole year, the art group organized 227 domestic performances, with a domestic audience of 222,100 people. The total collection of public libraries is 252,600 volumes, with a total circulation of 267,900 people. At the end of the year, the comprehensive coverage rate of the broadcast population was 99.2%, and the comprehensive coverage rate of the television population was 99.2%.
Medical business
As of 2019, there are 633 health institutions in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, including 46 hospitals, 34 township health centers, 5 community health service centers (stations), 267 clinics, health centers and infirmaries, 262 village clinics, 4 centers for disease control and prevention, and 4 maternal and child health hospitals. At the end of the year, there were 10,335 health technicians, including 2,985 practicing physicians and practicing assistant physicians, and 4,399 registered nurses. There are 7863 beds in medical and health institutions, including 6214 in hospitals and 1738 in township health centers. The annual incidence of infectious diseases was 614.06/100,000.
Sports career
In 2019, athletes from Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture participated in various sports competitions at or above the provincial level and won 5 gold medals, 4 silver medals and 6 bronze medals.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="100" > Social Security</h1>
As of 2019, the number of people participating in urban unemployment insurance in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture was 75,500, an increase of 0.33 million over the end of the previous year. The number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance for urban workers was 198,700, an increase of 0.41 million. Among them, the number of insured workers was 131,500, an increase of 0.15 million, and the number of insured retirees was 67,300, an increase of 0.26 million. The number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents was 473,100, an increase of 0.16 million. The number of people participating in the basic medical insurance for urban workers was 193,800, an increase of 10,000. Among them, the number of insured workers was 125,800, an increase of 0.68 million, and the number of insured retirees was 68,100, an increase of 0.32 million. The number of people participating in the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents was 801,400, an increase of 0.38 million. At the end of the year, a total of 0.48 million people enjoyed the minimum subsistence guarantee for urban residents, and 21,900 people enjoyed the minimum subsistence guarantee for rural residents.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="102" > post and telecommunications</h1>
As of 2019, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture has completed a total of 309.73 million yuan in postal industry business, an increase of 22.9% over the previous year. The postal industry completed 508,500 pieces of postal mail business, 0.73 million parcel business, 12,790,300 copies of newspaper and magazine ordering business, 10,581,100 pieces of express delivery business, and 167,030 yuan of express delivery business income in the whole year. The total amount of telecommunications business completed in the whole year 252898 million yuan, an increase of 15.1% over the previous year. At the end of the year, there were 82,900 fixed-line telephone subscribers, down 8.7% from the end of the previous year; and 1,443,500 mobile phone subscribers, an increase of 8.2%. The fixed telephone penetration rate is 6.95 units per 100 persons and the mobile phone penetration rate is 121.10 units per 100 persons. There were 407,500 Internet broadband subscribers, an increase of 15.5%.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="104" > transportation</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="106" > review</h1>
As of 2019, the total cargo transportation of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture was 28.03 million tons, an increase of 6.1% over the previous year; the turnover of cargo transportation 262138 million tons, an increase of 13.6%. The total number of passengers transported in the whole year was 24.82 million, down 20.0% from the previous year; the turnover of passenger transport 276552 million kilometers, down 0.6%. At the end of the year, the number of civilian cars was 207,500, an increase of 9.9% over the end of the previous year. Among them, 165,800 passenger cars, an increase of 10.0%, and 40,900 trucks, an increase of 9.5%. Motorcycles totaled 307,000 units, an increase of 1.1 percent.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="108" > highway</h1>
As of June 2016, the highway mileage of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture is 8785 kilometers, of which 1215 kilometers are national and provincial trunk roads and 7570 kilometers are rural roads. According to the grade of highways, 90 km of highways, 27 km of primary roads, 427 km of secondary roads, 26 km of tertiary roads, 4632 km of grade IV roads, and 3583 km of extraordinari roads; according to the type of road surface, asphalt concrete pavement is 1936 km, cement concrete pavement is 378 km; and simple paved pavement is 2265 km.
As of June 2016, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture has achieved county-level roads, with a township (town) oil road rate of 100%, an administrative village road hardening rate of 76%, and a natural village access rate of 82%.
As of June 2016, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture has 2,620 passenger cars and 44,797 passenger seats, including 1,199 passenger cars, 500 tourist cars, 563 taxis, 202 buses, 156 rental cars, 13,089 operating trucks, and 26,974 tons. The shuttle bus rate of townships (towns) has reached 100%, and the shuttle rate of administrative villages has reached 86%. There are three passenger stations in the city: Jinghong Bus Station, West Passenger Transport Station, and South Passenger Transport Station.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="113" > water transport</h1>
Jinghong Port
As of June 2016, jeonju's waterways have a navigable mileage of 358 kilometers, of which 181 kilometers are the main stream of the Lancang River (150 kilometers of five-level waterways and 31 kilometers of sixth-level waterways). In the Lancang River · There are 62 operating vessels sailing on the Mekong River and 56 operating in inland river reservoirs and ferries. Xishuangbanna Jinghong Port is a first-class port in China, which is opened to merchant ships of the old Myanmar and Thailand and has opened up a number of international water transport routes.
In 2017, the Lancang River waterway transport in the jurisdiction of Lancang Jiangxi Shuangbanna completed a total of 130,100 tons of freight, 24,869,700 tons of freight turnover, 955,900 passengers, and 18,606,600 kilometers of passenger turnover.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="117" > aviation</h1>
Xishuangbanna Gasa International Airport, located in The town of Gasa in the southwest of Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, began construction on December 1, 1987, officially opened for operation on April 7, 1990, and was approved by the State Council as a national first-class port airport on January 1, 1997, and is a "civilized airport" in southwest China and the second international airport in Yunnan Province.
In 2017, Xishuangbanna Gasa International Airport completed 32,000 transport take-offs and landings, an increase of -8.87% over 2016; passenger throughput of 3.99 million passengers, an increase of -7.95% over 2016, and cargo and mail throughput of 13,000 tons, an increase of 19.78% over 2016.
Xishuangbanna Gasa International Airport
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="122" > railway</h1>
According to the "Medium- and Long-term Railway Network Planning" of China Railway Corporation, by 2020, the construction of the Pan-Asian Railway Central Line from Kunming via Jinghong City in Xishuangbanna to mohan port to go abroad - "China-Laos Railway" will be built.
According to the overall plan, the Zhongtong Road project is Kunming-Mohan-Vientiane-Bangkok-Kuala Lumpur-Singapore, with a total length of 3894 kilometers, which is the smoothest passage from southwest China, northwest China and other regions to the core areas of Southeast Asia. After completion, it will end the history of Jinghong City in the central part of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture without railways.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="125" > cultural practices</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="127" > language script</h1>
Dai belongs to the Zhuang Dai branch of the Zhuang Dong language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family, and the Xishuangbanna Dai script is Dai (西shuangbanna Dai), which is based on Indian Sanskrit.
In the 1950s, some improvements were made to the Xishuangbanna Dai script on the basis of the original script, and the improved Dai script was called the New Dai script, and the original script was called lao Dai script. The improved Xishuangbanna Dai script, on the basis of retaining the original alphabet form and phonetic characteristics, added and deleted a number of letters according to the actual pronunciation, changed the intonation symbols, and standardized the pronunciation of letters, the use of additional symbols and the rules of writing.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="130" > intangible culture</h1>
As of May 2018, 11 projects have been announced by the State Council as the first two or three batches of national protection directories, 17 projects have been listed as provincial protection directories, and 62 state-level protection lists.
National Protection List: Dai Songkran Festival, Dai Slow Wheel Pottery Technique, Dai Zhangha, Kino Great Encouragement, Dai Elephant Foot Encouragement, Brown Singing, Dai Brocade Weaving Technique, Baye Sutra Making Technique, Zhao Shu Tun and Nanmu Nona, Pu'er Tea (Dayi) Production Technique, Dai Medicine
Provincial directory: Dai murals, Dai gaosheng production skills, Dai closing festival, opening festival, Pu'er tea (seven-son cake) traditional production skills, Hani costume making skills, Kino special Maoke festival, Dai traditional martial arts, Dai traditional handmade papermaking skills, Dai drum making skills, Dai elephant foot drum making skills, Pu'er tea time-honored brand (Cheshun) traditional production skills, etc. [30]
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="134" > literature and art</h1>
Dai poetry and stories and legends
Hereditary (
In Dai literature and art, poetry and stories and legends occupy an extremely important position. Dai poetry includes three main parts: ancient ballads, love songs, and narrative poems. Ancient songs can be roughly divided into labor songs, production songs, ritual songs, blessing songs, custom songs, children's songs and other types.
Love songs are divided into two categories: "courtship poetry" and "lost love poetry" in terms of the main content. It is characterized by a mixture of "love sounds", "love words" and "love letters".
There are 550 long narrative poems of the Dai people, including several categories of creation epics, mythological epics, heroic epics and tragic narrative poems, the mythological epics "Bird Sabaro", "Sticky Ba Xi Dun", "Langa Xihe" and the creation epic "Bata Maga Praise Shangluo", the heroic epic "Dip" is called the "Five Great Poetry Kings", and there are 6 famous tragic narrative poems in the long poems, namely "Line Show", "Eun Seol and Sanglo", "Yehanzo and Maoyangyang", "Hulu Xin", "Nanbo Guan", "Wanna and Pari".
Most of the stories circulated by the Dai people are oral, and a few manuscripts are copied. The types of stories include Shenzhou, historical legends, wind and flow legends, life stories, character stories, animal and plant stories, fairy tales and fables, and so on.
Mural art
The Dai created a painting art with distinct national characteristics. His paintings mainly include murals, long poem text illustrations, and decorative patterns of gold leaks. The murals are mainly painted on the walls of Buddhist temples, mostly Buddhist scripture stories and Buddha Bunsen stories, including "Three Devils Fighting Method", "Prince Sakai's Travel", "Deer Bunsheng Sutra", "Sacrificing Oneself to Feed the Tiger", "Six Elephants Worship", "Birth Under the Bodhi Tree", "Nirvana" and so on. In addition, there are a small number of murals with the theme of narrative poems and pictures reflecting the life, labor, hunting, bathing, and expedition activities of the Dai people.
singing and dancing
Folk Song and Dance (
The Dai call the song "Ganha". The traditional songs of the Dai people include three categories: song and dance, song and dance, and Zanha music. Folk songs include labor songs called "Ganha Ye Shang" in Dai, joyful tunes called "Lang Sheng" and mountain songs, songs accompanied by a huqin, and songs of complaint and so on.
The traditional dance of the Dai people mainly includes peacock dance, mainly peacock dance, golden deer dance, white elephant dance, song and dance, elephant foot encouragement, martial arts dance and so on. The peacock dance, golden deer dance and white elephant dance are performed, using the molds of peacocks, red deer and white elephants as props, and the performers wear models to simulate various movements of peacocks, golden deer and elephants.
Song and dance, common are "Ila Ash", "Garland Dance", "Soft Su Dance", "Lotus Dance", "Wax Dance", "Hat Dance", "Fan Dance" and so on.
Elephant foot encouragement is a male dance that uses the elephant foot drum as a prop and dances while walking with the shoulder drum. Dancers make their own accompaniment, accompanied by squat, kick, pedal, sweep and other leg movements. The rhythm is sonorous and bright, and the movements are rigid and flexible.
Wushu dance is a dance that is compatible with dance and martial arts, including boxing dance, jingshu dance, and knife dance. The dancers are male, or bare-handed, or with knives, sticks, or double dances, hitting, stabbing, splitting, slashing, with leg jumping, squatting, pedaling, sweeping movements, and dancing with gongs and drums as accompaniment.
Bayeux Sutra and Dai Literature
Dai Bayeux literature includes two broad categories: Buddhist scriptures and Dai literature. Dai Bayeux literature can be roughly divided into three parts: recording, sorting out, and altering the ancient oral literature of the Dai people; literary works introduced into various ethnic states that believe in southern Buddhism; and works created by Dai intellectuals trained in Buddhist temples.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="152" > ethnic customs</h1>
clothing
Dai men and women have their own characteristics
Men's clothing
Dai men generally do not wear ornaments, and occasionally they will find a shiny silver bracelet on their wrist. Gold teeth and silver teeth are their preferences. They usually pull out the best front teeth and replace them with dentures made of gold or silver. In the past, there was a custom of tattooing, tattooing symbols on the chest, back, abdomen, limbs, etc. or patterns such as lions, tigers, unicorns, peacocks, etc., to show bravery or pray for auspiciousness.
The clothing of Dai men around the country is not much different, generally more simple and generous, the upper body is a collarless placket or a large placket with small sleeves, under the wide waist and no pocket trousers, mostly with white and blue cloth wrapped around the head, some wear woolen top hats, like to wear blankets when it is cold, and often barefoot in all seasons.
This garment is light and comfortable during farming and labor, and the wearer looks fit and dashing when dancing. Retaining the characteristics of the ancient "clothes on the placket", "head wrapped in cloth towels, like hanging back bags, with short knives", but the clothing has rarely used self-woven "native cloth". Zhongshan suits and suits have become the fashion of young and middle-aged men of the Dai ethnic group. In the past 20 years, there have been small sleeve shirts with collars or plackets, and the turban has been changed to aqua red, green, and pink silk, and the pants are still the same.
Women's clothing
Dai women pay attention to clothing, pursue light, beautiful, light clothing, coordinated clothing colors, excellent. Young women with long hair coiled over their heads is a distinctive feature of Dai costumes. Dai women wear various colors of tight underwear on the top, light-colored placket or narrow sleeved shirt on the outer coat, and floral tube skirt on the lower body, which is woven with various patterns, Dai women like to tie their long hair in a bun, and insert a comb obliquely on the bun, and decorate it with hairpins or flowers. Dai women like to wear jewelry, jewelry is usually made of gold and silver, mostly hollow, engraved with exquisite patterns and patterns Dai women are generally slender, pure and delicate, looking elegant, generous, so known as the "golden peacock" reputation. They are not only beautiful, but also good at dressing up, dressing themselves up like flowers with unique costumes.
Residential buildings
Dry-column buildings are characteristic of the Dai people's residence. The building is nearly square, with two floors above and below, the upper floor is inhabited, about 7 feet from the ground, the lower floor has no wall, it is used to raise livestock and pile up things, and the top is double-sloped, and it is covered with "grass rows".
Xishuangbanna Dai Buddhist temple architecture is dominated by heavy eaves and multi-slope flat tile buildings. Most of the Buddhist temples are square, sitting west and facing east, the roof slope is made of three layers of overlapping, the central hall is higher, and the north and south sides are decreasing, staggering ups and downs. The roof is made of rectangular tiles, and the tail of the tiles is hooked on a flat bamboo rafter. The ridge between the roof ridge and the eaves is smoothed with lime and arranged with various tiles.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="160" > national holiday</h1>
2017 Xishuangbanna Water Lantern Festival
The major traditional festivals of the Dai people include "Sang kan bi mai" (Songkran Festival), Howasa (shouxia or rain in peace, commonly known as the closing festival), orwasa (out of the summer or out of the rain, commonly known as the opening of the door festival) and so on. The Hani (Akha) mainly have traditional festivals such as "Gatangpa" and "Yakuza".
Dai: "Sangkan Bimai" Festival: Songkran Festival, April 13-15 in the Gregorian calendar. Grand Buddhist events are held, in addition to activities such as bag drops, dragon boats, high lifts, sand piling, cockfighting, etc. The climax of the festival is to splash water, the so-called "wet through the whole body, happiness for life".
Hani: "Gatangpa" festival: (remembering ancestors, abandoning the old and welcoming the new), January 2-4 in the Gregorian calendar. People make offerings to the gods of the family and holding banquets. Young men and women are invited to go up the mountain to pick wildflowers and fruits. Men, young and old, play gyroes.
Lahu: "Lahu" festival: the time is the same as the Han Spring Festival. The main food is glutinous rice and rice. On the morning of the first day of the first year, go to the mountain spring to grab new water. The first to third day of the first year is called the Year of the Woman, by men to entertain guests, take care of household chores, the first fourteen to sixteen is the year of men, men can go up the mountain to hunt, indulge in wine and sing, the main activity of the festival is to dance the reed dance.
Browns: "Hawasa" festival: the Closing Festival, in the middle of July in the Gregorian calendar. Family members hold a "Songma" (repentance) ceremony to the head of the family to pray for peace and security in the coming year.
Kino: "WuMaoke" Festival (New Year): From February 6 to 8 in the Gregorian calendar, drums are beaten and ceremonies such as cattle rustling, ploughing, blacksmith harvesting and passing on the art are held.
Yao: Panwang Festival: also known as "Jumping Pan King" or "Returning Pan King Wish", "Pan Wang" is "Pan Wan", which is the ancestor and totem symbol of the Yao people.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="169" > specialty food</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="171" > regional specialties</h1>
tea
Xishuangbanna is one of the oldest tea sources in China, with an ancient tea tree more than 700 years old in Menghai. The six famous Pu'er tea mountains are all in the territory of Banna. Famous tea varieties are: Nannuo Pekoe, Buddha Fragrant Tea, Yunhai Pekoe, Gang Green, Xuanyun Tea and so on.
coffee
Small-grain coffee is an important coffee variety in Xishuangbanna, which is a small-grain coffee type of colombian wet processing. [33]
Tropical fruits
Xishuangbanna has a wide variety of tropical fruits, and the fruits are continuous all year round. There are bananas, pineapples, mangoes, sour plums, sour horns, grapefruit, star fruit, soursop, jackfruit, lychees, cinnamon balls, coconuts, goat milk fruits, acid doy, papaya, mangosteen, sweet horn, olives and passionflower.
Papaya Dai is called "Magui Shabao", which is cultivated all over Xishuangbanna and is mainly produced in low-altitude river valley basins such as Jinghong, Mengyang and Olive Dam.
Mengban orange is an excellent variety of citrus bumper oranges, known in Dai as "Ma Rent Mengban", because the origin is in the present-day Mengban, Menghai County, Daluo Town, Mansang area and named.
Coconut is a famous tropical fruit, cultivated in the low-altitude river valley basin of Xishuangbanna, mainly produced in Olive Dam and Jinghong Dam. The coconuts planted are tall coconuts and short-legged coconuts.
Yuzu is commonly known as big bubble fruit, and Xishuangbanna Dai is called "Ma Jing Palm" or "Ma Oh". It is cultivated all over Xishuangbanna, mainly in the low-altitude river valley basins such as Jinghong, Olive Dam, Menglun and Mengla.
Tree pineapple, also known as jackfruit, Xishuangbanna Dai language called "ma honey", is the largest fruit in the Xishuangbanna area, the most fragrant fruit, Xishuangbanna are cultivated all over the country, the main production in Jinghong, olive dam, Menglun, Mengla and other low-altitude dam areas.
Southern medicine
Xishuangbanna has the growth of different species and marginal species of southern medicine, and contains rich medicinal resources, growing dozens of medicinal materials such as shrinking sand honey, benzoin, Yunnan Luofu wood, Millennium Jian, Manjingzi, Junzi, Chonglou, amber and so on.
Sand kernel is the main southern medicine produced in Xishuangbanna. Javan white cardamom is a perennial herb of the ginger family, the fruit has a digestion and stomach effect, the main treatment of vomiting, nausea, abdominal accounting, vomiting. Ravenwood, Xishuangbanna Dai called "Ma Sanduan". [40]
Dai Jin
Dai brocade is a famous textile of the Dai people. Brocade thread is woven with a wooden spinning wheel, with red, blue indigo leaves and other dyes dipped into various colors, when weaving brocade, it is necessary to first design the pattern, make a "pattern plate" (pattern sample), and then arrange warp threads with different colors on the wooden loom according to the "pattern plate" pattern, dimensional thread, and weave colorful Dai brocade.
Traditional Dai brocade, in addition to being used as a bed sheet, quilt face, door curtain crosshead. In addition to the satchel skirt ornament, long banners are also woven for worship of the Buddha.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="191" > specialty food</h1>
Xishuangbanna's ethnic flavor food is unique, Dai flavor is self-contained, the basic cooking method is roasting, frying, steaming, chopping, pickling, rarely stir-frying; the taste characteristics are: fragrant, crisp, sour, spicy, fresh.
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Xishuangbanna is truly a beautiful place, come and see it!