Sichuan is a province located in the southwest of China, referred to as "Shu". Sichuan has a population of more than 82 million, of which a small number of residents from Sichuan are local residents, the vast majority of whom have migrated from other places.
There are even views that the local Shu people in Sichuan have long disappeared into the vast river of history because of wars and other reasons.
The culture of Shudi is rich in diversity, thanks to the migration of various people from all over the world to Sichuan. Shudi gathered and mixed the cultures of various places, internalized them, and formed its own unique culture, and also created the current Sichuan people. Approach Sichuan, make friends with Sichuanese, know Sichuanese, and interpret Sichuan culture.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > 1, Sichuan since ancient time</h1>
1. The founding of the country is at a loss
The territory of Sichuan into the Central Plains is actually not the earliest batch. From the beginning of the Xia Dynasty, the scope of the Central Plains at that time was limited to Shanxi and Henan.
The natives in the four directions of the southeast, south, and northwest were all called "barbarians" at that time. The danger of Sichuan's terrain must not need to be repeated, and it only takes a shu road difficulty to portray this situation vividly.
Therefore, Sichuan, which is isolated from the outside world, will naturally not be regarded as orthodox, but they are also gradually developing their own strength.
The first king of Shu was called "Silkworm Cong", and Li Bai's "Shu Dao Difficulty" has a sentence "Silkworm bush and fish, the founding of the country Is dazed". The silkworm bushes and fish here are the first and second kings of Shu land, respectively.
Silkworm bush is good at raising silkworms and is an expert in this field, hence the name. Legend has it that the silkworm bush's eyes stand out, like crabs. Previous archaeological excavations in Sanxingdui excavated a bronze mask with protruding eyes, which should actually reproduce the image of the silkworm bush.
Xia Jie had sent the great general Bian to lead an army to attack Silkworm Bush, so The Silkworm Bush was offered to Xia Jie to confuse him, and sure enough, Xia Jie withdrew. At the turn of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, King Wu of Zhou, "Shu and Yan", participated in the war as foreign aid.
2. The Battle of Bashu
After King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang, he did not intervene much in Shudi. In the tribal melee, the tribe of silkworm bush perished in the chaos, and a new hero rose up, replacing the silkworm bush as the king of Shu, which is the fish.
At the same time, another country in the Sichuan region, Pakistan, also began to appear on the stage of history. There have been other small countries in Sichuan, but their strength is completely incomparable with these two countries.
Therefore, Sichuan can also be called "Bashu Region", and finally chose "Shu" as the abbreviation of Sichuan instead of "Ba", because the history of the Shu State is longer and the strength is stronger. The two countries competed for supremacy, and the two countries, as the first and second in the region, formed a feud.
During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Ba, not being a rival to the Shu state, asked King Zhaoxiang of Qin for help. King Zhaoxiang of Qin intended to refuse, but Sima mistakenly said that the terrain of Shu was dangerous and difficult to conquer, and now was a good time to advance into Shu and swallow Bashu. So King Zhaoxiang of Qin sent Sima to mistakenly capture Bashu.
3. The origin of the name of Sichuan
Today's name of Sichuan began during the Zhenzong period of the Northern Song Dynasty. During the Xianping period, Emperor Zhenzong of Song set up four "roads" along the Sichuan Basin, and the so-called roads were an administrative division.
These four roads are Yizhou Road, Zizhou Road, Lizhou Road and Kuizhou Road, collectively known as "Chuanxia Four Roads", collectively known as Sichuan Road, later referred to as Sichuan.
4. Ming and Qing dynasties
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Sichuan was not stable, and Zhang Xianzhong, one of the peasant rebels at the end of the Ming Dynasty, divided Sichuan to establish the Daxi regime and established the capital Chengdu. After the clearance of the customs, Sichuan Province was established in Sichuan, and the province here is also an administrative division at the provincial level.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" >2, Shu people Shu affairs: the world is not chaotic Shu first chaos</h1>
Because of its almost isolated terrain, shudi has had many turmoil in history, so that there is a proverb in the world that "the world has been determined and Shu is undecided, and the world is not chaotic before Shu is chaotic".
Because of the isolation of Shu land, it was extremely suitable for separatist forces to oppose the Central Plains regime. Therefore, in history, there were many regimes that divided the Shu lands, and they persisted for a relatively long time.
1. Shu Han
The Shu Han established by Liu Bei should be the most famous sichuan region. In fact, Liu Bei's national name is "Han", not Shu Han, in historical research, the Han regime established by Liu Bei is generally called "Ji Han", rarely called Shu Han.
The term Shu Han already existed during the Three Kingdoms period, but only Cao Wei called it that way, which is a pejorative meaning here, meaning that the so-called Han Dynasty established by Liu Bei was nothing more than a fake Han Dynasty that was partial to Shu land.
In the end, Deng Ai led a strange army from Yinping into Shu, Zhuge Liang's son Zhuge Zhan resisted and died in battle, and the later lord Liu Chan surrendered, and Shu Han perished.
2. Cheng Han
Chenghan was a regime established in Shu during the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms periods, by Li Xiong, a member of the Hu clan. The Rebellion of the Eight Kings that broke out during the Western Jin Dynasty greatly weakened the power of the Sima clan, and Li Xiong's father, uncle, and brother all died on the way against the Western Jin Dynasty.
Eventually, Li Xiong was proclaimed emperor in Chengdu, and the state name Cheng was for Emperor Chengwu. After Li Xiong's death, several of his sons and nephews competed with each other for power. At first, Li Xiong remembered his brother's great achievements, so he made his brother's son Li Ban the crown prince. Li Ban is filial and humble. After Li Xiong's death, Li Ban succeeded to the throne as Emperor Chenglai.
Li Xiong's sons disobeyed Li Ban's ascension to the throne, so Li Qi killed Li Ban and ascended the throne himself. Later, Li Qi was jealous of Li Shou who was stationed in other places, and Li Shou was afraid of disaster, so he simply did nothing and rushed into Chengdu with his troops, deposed Li Qi as the Duke of Qiongdu County, called himself emperor, and changed the name of the country to "Han".
In the end, Sima Huanwen of the Eastern Jin Dynasty attacked Chengdu, emperor Li Shi surrendered, and Chenghan perished.
3. Former Shu and Later Shu
Former Shu and Later Shu were the divided regimes of Shu during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, and later regimes such as The Great West are hardly worth mentioning.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, there was great chaos in the world, there were eunuchs in the interior who were in chaos, and there were various ways of making people attack each other outside. On this occasion, an army general named Wang Jian took the opportunity to take control of the army and divide the Shu lands, and established the country as emperor, which was for Former Shu.
Although the tax burden of the people during Wang Jian's reign was relatively heavy, thanks to the ease of defense and the difficulty of attacking the Shu land and Wang Jian's rare rise of soldiers, the life of the people of Former Shu was also stable.
However, this life did not last long, and after Wang Jian's death, his son Wang Yan took the throne. Wang Yan fainted and did not have a way, and after he ascended to the throne, he built palaces and gardens on a large scale, and the people suffered deeply.
Wang Yan also liked to serve private visits, he handed over political affairs to the eunuchs around him, and traveled to various places, spending a lot of money and property, while the politics was corrupt, and the officials bribed the public.
In the third year of Tongguang, that is, in 925, Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang sent the generals Li Jiji and Guo Chongtao to attack Former Shu, Wang Yan surrendered, and Former Shu perished.
Shortly after the fall of Former Shu, Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang was killed for his change. The general Meng Zhixiang once again divided Shu and claimed the title of emperor, for Later Shu. Meng Zhixiang died only 114 days after he ascended the throne, and his son Meng Chang took the throne.
What is completely different from Wang Yan is that during his reign, he made great efforts to govern and rejuvenate, and the economy, politics, and culture of Shuzhong made great progress, which was rare in the chaotic world of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
In the second year of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin, the grandfather of the Song Dynasty, sent an army to Houshu and arrived at the city of Chengdu in only sixty-six days. Meng Chang knew that he was invincible, went out of the city and surrendered, and Later Shu perished.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" >3</h1>
To talk about the nearest major event in Shudi, the filling of Sichuan in the lake is undoubtedly something that cannot be ignored. The reclamation of Sichuan during the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty was a political move to emigrate the population from Hunan and Guangdong to Sichuan.
Since the Ming Dynasty, wars have swept through Shu, and the population has plummeted due to natural disasters and other reasons. Legend has it that Zhang Xianzhong, the founder of the Daxi regime, once slaughtered hundreds of thousands of people in Sichuan after entering Sichuan.
Some people think that this is true, but in fact, the initiator is the Qing Dynasty army, but they put the blame on Zhang Xianzhong's head. In any case, it is true that Sichuan has almost become an empty city.
The "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty" said: "Counting the number of households (in Sichuan), only more than 90,000 households were obtained. When the tigers and wolves are fierce beasts, the light and the sun enter the city, and the people who die in the mouth of the tiger are uncountable. Those who come out of each other are not gathered in groups, and they dare not do it. ”
At that time, the Qing Dynasty, which had just completed national unification, urgently needed to restore the normal operation of society. Therefore, the Kangxi Emperor issued an edict to relocate part of the population of the Huguang region to Sichuan and give preferential treatment in policy.
The preferential policies for immigrants to Sichuan are closely linked to the promotion of officials at all levels and rewards for reclamation and recruitment, and officials have therefore forcibly relocated people from all over the world to Sichuan.
In the tax policy to implement additional preferential treatment, Kangxi decreed that immigrants should reclaim land and acres, and no agricultural tax would be collected for five years. For those who settle in Sichuan and their descendants, the proportion of taxes collected is reduced and not changed, which is what future generations like to say will never be increased.
In addition, Kangxi also stipulated that the authorities of the places of origin of immigrants and the authorities of the places of settlement in Sichuan required cooperation in transferring and verifying household registration and incorporating them into Baojia. These policies create a good environment and conditions for migrants.
Today's so-called Sichuan natives, most of them are already the descendants of Huguang into Sichuan, that is, the 90,000 households before, who have lived in Shudi for generations, I am afraid that there are very few.
Therefore, the current Sichuan is actually a place where the population of the four parties gathers. Coupled with the development of transportation today, The annual inflow and outflow of Sichuan population is also a large number. Sichuan's culture has also become more prosperous and colorful.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="8" > Summary:</h1>
Today, the real Shu people have probably disappeared, and the people who live in Sichuan now have migrated later. Due to its isolation, Shudi had many well-known separatist regimes.
Among them, representatives include ji han established by Liu Bei, emperor of Han Zhaolie, Li Xiong, emperor of Chengwu, who established Chenghan, and former Shu and Houshu established by Wang Jian and Meng Zhixiang during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
At the junction of the Ming and Qing dynasties, Shudi suffered great damage, and the Kangxi Emperor ordered that "the lake be filled in Sichuan" and that people from other regions be relocated to Sichuan. The cultures of different regions have gathered in Sichuan, and Sichuan has become colorful because of this.