Court inscriptions
According to the "History of the Palace of the State Dynasty" and the "History of the Palace of the Continuing Dynasty", there are hundreds of kinds of engraved legal posts, most of which are engraved in the Qianlong period. Among them, there are a collection of calligraphy by famous artists of the past, more are kangxi and Qianlong personal posts, and a large number of joint sentence poems.
In the twenty-ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1690), the Qing court carved the first series of posts, namely the Maoqindian Fa Ti, which was selected from the inkblots and old extensions hidden in the early Qing Palace. Both the Yuanjian Zhai Fa Ti and the Summer Resort Fa Ti are engraved in characters written by Kangxi himself or copied from the names of calligraphers. In the early years of Qianlong, the precepts and poems written by Yongzheng, as well as the famous traces of the copied families, were engraved into the "Lang Yin Ge Fa Ti" and the "Si Yi Tang Fa Ti". After these posts were engraved, they were all stored in the palace, and there were very few transmissions and even fewer circulation in the folk, so there were not many people who knew. The Palace Museum houses rough stones and original rubbings. In the twenty-sixth year of Qianlong (1761), Qianlong carved the poems and scriptures he wrote, as well as the names of ancient calligraphers, into the "Jingsheng Zhai Fa Ti", a total of 40 volumes. The rough stones are now embedded in the two corridors of the Forbidden City, Leshou Hall and Yihexuan. Qianlong also ordered the courtiers of the inner court to compile and engrave the imperial poems and imitations of celebrity inkblots written by Zhang Zhao, and to compile and engrave 10 volumes of the "Heavenly Vase Zhai Fa Ti"; for Wang Youdun to copy and carve 10 volumes of "Shi Qing Zhai Fa Ti"; and to engrave the "Qing Ai Tang Ti" for Liu Yong. The most famous Fa Ti of the Qianlong period was the SanxiTang Fa Ti. In addition, it is famous for "Mo Miao Xuan Fa Ti", "Lan Ting Eight Pillar Thesis", "Re-engraving Chunhua Ge Ti" and so on. After Qianlong, the number of court inscriptions gradually decreased.
Folk engravings
The custom of folk inscriptions in the Qing Dynasty was also very popular. Most of the folk inscriptions in the early Qing Dynasty were collections of calligraphy by celebrities from past dynasties. For example, Bian Yongyu's "Shigutang Fa Ti" and Chen Chunyong's "Xiu Yan Xuan Ti", although they were published from the end of the Ming Dynasty, were not completed until the Qing Dynasty. The "Gong Si Tang Fa Ti", "Han Xiang Guan Fa Ti", and "Qiu Bi Tang Tie" are all Fa Ti carved by Kangxi. Bian Yongyu and Liang Qingbiao were both famous collectors in the early Qing Dynasty, and the Fa Ti they carved, the fineness of identification, and the excellent engraving work were the first class in the Fa Ti at that time. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Fa Ti, which engraved personal calligraphy, was most famous for the "Fa Ti of The Quasi Mountain Garden" that collected wang Duo's calligraphy and the "Taiyuan Duan Ti" that collected Fu Shan's calligraphy.
The style of engraving in the middle and late Qing Dynasty was more prevalent. Qufu Kong Jishu has engraved "Yuhong Lou Ti", "Yuhong Jian Zhen Ti", "Yu Hong Jian Zhen Continuation Post", "Gu Yuan G Gu Fa Ti", "Guo Dynasty Celebrity Fa Ti" and so on. His son Kong Guanglian was also fond of engraving the posters, and there were 101 volumes of the various posts engraved by Kong Shi, entitled "Kong Shi Bai Yi Ti". Qian Yong of Jiaqingjian (present-day Wuxi, Jiangsu Province) was famous for his works, and he also loved to carve dozens of posters in his lifetime, and also engraved a large number of stele and epitaphs. According to the "Luyuan Congzhi", there are more than 20 parts, such as "Jingxuntang Post", "□ Jinzhai Fa Tie", "Qing Ai Tang Tie", "Wei Qing Zhai Ti", "Writing Jing Tang Post", "Qin Post Post", "Qing Jing Tang Ti", "Wu Xing Ti" and so on. Ye Menglong of Nanhai (present-day Foshan, Guangdong Province) has engraved "Youshi Zhai Ti" and "Feng Man Lou Ti" and so on. The epigrapher Wu Rongguang engraved the "JunqingGuan Ti" and "Yuelu Academy Fa Ti" and so on. Bao Shufang of She County (present-day She County, Anhui Province) had the An Su Xuan Ti, and Ye Yingyang had the Gongxia XiGuan Fa Ti. These were the more famous Fa-ti at the time. After Daoguang, Pan Shicheng engraved the "Haishan Xianguan Post", Pan Zhengwei engraved the "Listening to the □ Lou Collection Thesis", and Wu Baoheng engraved the "Nanxue Zhai Hidden True Post". Guangxu (1875~1908) between Kong Guangtao is engraved with "□ Xuelou Jian Zhen Fa Ti", Lu Xinyuan engraved "Yong Li Guan Famous People's Law Book", Yang Shoujing engraved "Lin Su Yuan Fa Ti" and so on. The qing dynasty carved the wind was extremely popular, and the variety and number of them exceeded that of the previous generation, and the above are the more famous and popular Fa Ti among them.
In the second to sixth years of the Kangxi Dynasty, Bian Yongyu of Changbai (present-day Changbai Korean Autonomous County, Jilin Province) collected a collection of famous calligraphy from the Wei, Jin to Song, and Yuan dynasties, engraved by Huang Yuan □ double hooks, and Liu Guang □, a total of 10 volumes. The name of the post is written in the book, and the volume is not listed. The post was not engraved as Bian Yongyu 卒, but was carved by Huang Yuan □.
In the fourteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Liu Guang □ of Wanling (present-day Dingcheng County, Anhui Province) collected the calligraphy of Wei, Jin, Yuan, and Ming, and compiled it into 10 volumes, and 2 volumes of Yu Shiying's book. At the end of the volume is inscribed "Kangxi Fourteenth Year Spring Moon Wanling Liu Clan HanxiangGuan G Le Shangshi" 3 lines. After the attached volume, there is an inscription by Chen Jiru.
In the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi, the Kangxi Emperor took the old Tuo and celebrity inkblots from the Inner Mansion and ordered his subordinates to compile the next stone. From Xia Yu to the Ming Dynasty, 142 calligraphies of emperors and celebrities have been engraved, 534 posts, and compiled into 24 volumes. The title and second of each volume are inscribed at the beginning of each volume, and the last volume is inscribed with "Kangxi Twenty-ninth Year Gengwu Xia April 16th Divine Decree Mould Shangshi" 2 lines.
The QiuBi Tang Thesis is an engraved date and month, and Liang Qingbiao of Zhending (present-day zhengding county, Hebei Province) is an anthology of inkblots from his family's collection. From the Western Jin Dynasty Lu Ji to the Yuan Zhao Meng □, compiled into 8 volumes, all of which are works of famous artists. This post is an imitation of You Yongfu in Jinling (present-day Nanjing). Liang Qingbiao was a collector in the early Qing Dynasty, whose collection of legal books was extremely exquisite, and the engraving was also very exquisite, but the post was not engraved as Liang's predecessor, and the stone was placed under the corridor, and was later discovered by Jin Deying and washed and expanded.
In the twelfth year of Qianlong, the Qianlong Emperor ordered the officials Shangshu Liang Shizheng, Hubu Shangshu Jiang Pu, and Bingbu Right Attendant Wang Youdun to select some of the works of famous calligraphers from the past dynasties to collect from the Inner House. Engraved by Song Zhang, Buckle, Erge, Jiao Lin and others. Because there are three rare ink treasures hidden in the inner house, Wang Xizhi's "Qing Tian when the Snow Is Fast", Wang Xianzhi's "Mid-Autumn Festival", and Wang □'s "Boyuan Thesis", these three inkblots are treasured in the Sanxi Hall of the Yangxin Hall in Qianlong, so this post is named "Sanxitang Fa Ti". A total of more than 300 works by 135 people from Wei, Jin and the late Ming Dynasty were collected, and more than 200 inscriptions were written by each family, divided into 32 volumes and 500 carved stones. Because all the ink is on the stone and the carving is fine, it is pushed by posterity. The rough stone is embedded in the wall of the Ancient Reading Building in Beihai Park, Beijing. A repair was carried out during the Daoguang period, and the lace was added. The first edition circulated less.
After the "Mo Miao Xuan Fa Ti" and the "Sanxi Tang Fa Ti" were engraved, qianlong ordered Jiang Pu, Wang Youdun, Ji Huang, Qiu Yuexiu, and Yu Minzhong to compile 4 volumes of the "Mo Miao Xuan Fa Ti", thinking that the "Sanxi Tang Fa Ti" was a continuation of the "San xi tang fa ti", and the style was the same as the "San Xi Tang Fa Ti". More than 30 kinds of calligraphy works collected from The following families of Tang Chu Suiliang were engraved by Jiao Guotai. The stone is embedded in the two walls of the Huishan Garden of Wanshou Mountain. The rough is now extinct.
"Lanting Eight Pillars Thesis" Qianlong Forty-four years, Qianlong hooked Wang Xizhi's "Orchid Pavilion Preface" inkblots and Liu Gongquan's "Lanting Poems" and "Xihongtang Thesis" carved Liu Gongquan's "Lanting Poems" originally, Yu Minzhong supplemented the "Xihongtang Thesis" to carve Liu Gongquan's "Lanting Poems" Missing Part, Dong Qichang imitated Liu Gongquan's "Lanting Poems", Qianlong Lindong Qichang imitated Liu Gongquan's "Lanting Poems", and ordered workers to engrave them on 8 stone pillars, named "Lanting Eight Pillars". The first engraving of the Qianlong inscription eight pillar book and the order, divided into 8 volumes, the first inscription of each volume is the name of the book and the order. Originally located in the Yuanmingyuan, it was moved from the ruins of the Yuanmingyuan to Zhongshan Park in beijing in 1917, and a pavilion was built for protection. The first edition was rarely circulated.
"Yuhong Jian Zhen Ti" Qianlong Zhongqu Fu Kong Jishu collected 21 celebrities from The Jin Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, 73 posts, and compiled into 13 volumes. The Seal Book. The 13 volumes of the "Yuhong Jian Zhen Continuation" also bring together the calligraphy of Tang Li Bai to Wang Duo in the early Qing Dynasty.