The top of Meiling, 30 kilometers north of Shaoguan Nanxiong City, is a place where soldiers and families must fight for generations, and Nanyue Xiongguan (also known as "MeiguanGuan Lou") stands here; under the Guanlou, the ancient road is leisurely, passing through the pass, and the red memory of the exclusive Meiguan and ancient roads in the beacon years is strung together.
During the three-year guerrilla war of the Southern Red Army (from the second half of 1934 to the outbreak of the National War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1937), Meiling became one of the base areas of the Red Army's guerrilla warfare, and Meiguan became an important communication and contact channel for various guerrilla areas in the Border areas of Gansu and Guangdong. Chen Yi and other proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation have frequently been active in this area, and they have also hidden and encountered dangers here many times, and have experienced difficulties and obstacles unimaginable to ordinary people.
In January this year, the Plum Blossoms in Nanxiong Meiling, Shaoguan entered the blooming period. Courtesy of the correspondent
In September 1949, the commanders and fighters of the 45th Division of the 15th Army of the 45th Army of the 4th Corps of the 2nd Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army passed through Nanyuexiong pass at the junction of Guangdong and Gansu in a mighty way to meet the comrades of the 2nd Detachment of Beijiang who came to greet them.
Meiguan Ancient Road. Photo by Li Ziliang
Since Tang Xiang Zhang Jiuling was instructed to excavate, the Meiguan Ancient Road has become the throat of Lingnan to communicate with the Central Plains, with a length of 1200 meters and a width of 3-4 meters, paved with bluestone and cobblestone, connecting the border of Dayu County in Jiangxi. At the peak pass of Meiling Mountain at the junction of Guangdong and Gansu, the south-facing gate of MeiguanGuanlou is engraved with "Lingnan First Pass", and the north-facing gate is engraved with "South Yuexiong Pass". In recent years, the Meiguan Ancient Road has been fully repaired, the ancient pass is still the same, every time the plum blossoms are in full bloom, here tourists are weaving, while feeling the pride of the plum bones, it seems to be able to "cross" to the glory of the years, listen to the revolutionary stories that can be sung and wept.
Three years of guerrilla base areas: two meetings, two incidents
The inscription of the "Three Chapters of Meiling" on the Meiguan Ancient Road. Courtesy of the correspondent
"What does it mean to be desperate today? In the Meiguan scenic spot in Nanxiong, next to the old ancient road, Chen Yi's "Three Chapters of Meiling" is extremely eye-catching, and it is easy to bring people's thoughts into the arduous revolutionary war years.
In October 1934, after the Long March of the Red Army, the remaining Red Army troops and guerrillas led by Xiang Ying, Chen Yi and others experienced hardships and obstacles, and arrived in the Youshan area in March and April 1935, where they met Li Lotte and Yang Shangkui, and with this as the center, launched a very arduous guerrilla war.
In order to gather strength and invigorate the spirit of the soldiers, xiang Ying and Chen Yi held a "Meeting under the Great Ridge" in The Village of Dalingxia in Nanxiong Youshan, in view of the changes in the actual situation and the dangerous situation they are facing, and made arrangements for the practice of guerrilla warfare and the organizational and struggle methods. Subsequently, Xiang Ying and Chen Yi held a meeting of cadres in Changling, Dayu County, at the foot of the Oil Mountain, to further unify the thinking of cadres, formulate tactics and various struggle tactics for guerrilla warfare, and change the mode of struggle and work of the Red Army troops. These two important meetings clearly defined the principle of fighting against the enemy, laid a solid foundation for persisting in guerrilla warfare in Guangdong and Guangdong from an ideological and organizational point, and became a turning point in the three-year guerrilla war in Guangdong and Guangdong.
In October 1935, in the "Beishan Incident" created by the traitor Gong Chu in one fell swoop to eliminate the leading organs of the Cpc And Guangdong border and the Guerrillas of the Red Army, Xiang Ying and Chen Yi successfully escaped from danger and transferred from Beishan to Youshan, passing through Meiguan, Chen Yi wrote the famous poem "Smuggling through Meiguan": The enemy's fortress broke through the air and the geese opened, and the grass and moon came late. Pan Teng attached Ge Junshu to the book, and Wan Zai Mei closed the robbery of ashes.
In the winter of 1936, because he was besieged by the Kuomintang and could not escape, Chen Yi wrote the "last pen" of the mighty mountains and rivers - "Three Chapters of Meiling": "What is the intention of the severed head today, and it is difficult to start a business. This went to Quantai to recruit the old department, and the banner was 100,000 Yan Luo. The southern country is ten years old, and this head must be hung at the gate of the country. After the death of the kings more efforts, the good news flew to be paper money. To join the revolution is to be home, and there should be an end to the bloody rain and wind. Taking righteousness into benevolence, the world is full of free flowers. ”
During the arduous three-year guerrilla war, Chen Yi repeatedly traveled and hid in Meiling, and finally preserved the revolutionary forces.
Armed struggle counter-offensive stage: Meiguan division, Nanxiong liberation
In July and August 1949, the Chinese People's Liberation Army launched a powerful offensive in Hunan, Jiangxi, and Fujian, and successfully advanced southward, and the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China issued an order to march to South China. According to the instructions of the central authorities, the South China Branch of the CPC Central Committee asked the Wuling area to mobilize the vast number of soldiers and civilians to make preparations for the front of the army.
"On August 14, 1949, the 48th Corps of the 15th Corps of the 4th Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army liberated Ganzhou." Xiao Xinglin, director of the Nanxiong Shizhi Office, said that after the liberation of Ganzhou, the main force of the second detachment of Beijiang, led by commander Zhang Hua and deputy commander Ye Chang, and the rebel troops of Dayu Luo Jingfu met with the first unit of the Gannan detachment on the way to Dayu and liberated dayu county in one fell swoop on August 16. After the liberation of the counties in Gannan Province, the People's Liberation Army marched south and directly approached Guangdong.
After the liberation of Ganzhou, Zhang Hua, secretary of the Wuling Prefectural Party Committee, established the "Second Former Headquarters of the Beijiang Branch" in Ganzhou, with Zhang Hua as commander and political commissar. After Zhang Hua returned to Dayu from Ganzhou, he immediately sent Ye Chang's main force to the area of Meiling and Dengfang in Nanxiong, and in coordination with the southern guerrillas and underground party organizations, mobilized the masses, prepared grain and grass, and gathered intelligence, and the PLA troops marched south into Guangdong.
On the night of September 23, the 134th Regiment of the People's Liberation Army and the 2nd Detachment of Beijiang, which received orders, advanced overnight and arrived at the northern outskirts of NanxiongCheng at about 3:00 a.m. on the 24th, annihilating the security battalion stationed in Ertang. Subsequently, the first unit of the regiment and the second detachment of Beijiang annihilated more than 300 fleeing enemies at Pipaling Ridge, northwest of NanxiongCheng, and the reconnaissance detachment directly under the 15th Army annihilated more than 300 fleeing enemies at Henan Street, which is separated by a river in the south of the city. At 4 o'clock, after learning that the various units outside the city had been annihilated, the stubborn enemies inside Nanxiong City were terrified and prepared to flee. However, at this time, the People's Liberation Army and the second detachment of Beijiang had already approached the city and launched an attack on Nanxiong City from the east, south and north.
At dawn, the sound of gunfire that resounded inside and outside Nanxiong City for several hours dissipated with the wind, and the People's Liberation Army annihilated two battalions of the 558th Regiment of the 186th Division of the enemy's 63rd Army and a total of more than 1,300 people in the Security Regiment, and the whole county of Nanxiong was liberated.
The world is planted with revolutionary flowers: the ancient road is revitalized and the spirit lives on
Chen Yi's magnificent "Three Chapters of Meiling" was included in the middle school Chinese textbook and has been widely praised to this day. After the baptism of revolution, the Nanyue Xiongguan and Ancient Road have become famous monuments and red tourist attractions in Guangdong Province, and tourists come to relive the revolutionary stories that happened here on holidays.
In January this year, the plum blossoms in Nanxiong Meiling in Shaoguan entered the blooming period, and tourists went to admire the plums. Courtesy of the correspondent
Nanyue Xiongguan and Ancient Road was announced as a cultural relics protection unit of Guangdong Province in June 1989, a national key cultural relics protection unit in March 2013, a patriotic education base in Shaoguan City in September 2004, a national defense education base in Shaoguan City in December 2017, a party history education base in Shaoguan City in April 2019, and a nature education base in Guangdong Province in July 2019.
According to reports, as one of the few former central Soviet districts and counties in the province, Nanxiong has adhered to scientific planning and continuous construction in recent years, and has strung together famous red sites such as the Nanyue Xiongguan and the Ancient Road, the site of the first battle of the Long March into Guangdong, the exhibition of the Battle of Shuikou, and the former site of the CPC Guangdong Provincial Committee in Yaokeng Village, Nanxiong City, to create a red boutique tourism circle, and at the same time actively strive for funds, vigorously repair the relics of revolutionary sites in the region, and let the red culture shine with the light of the times.
Among them, the restoration project of some cultural relics of Nanyue Xiongguan and Ancient Road was awarded 6.33 million yuan in July 2017 by the central government for the protection of cultural relics, and the repair project started in March 2018 and was completed in 2019. After the renovation, the Nanyue Xiongguan and Ancient Road have better adapted to the innovative development of the cultural and tourism integration model in the new era and will be able to better serve the contemporary era.
Source: Nanfang Daily