Pay attention and learn more about sheep raising together!
China is a vast country, and there are many goat breeds. In this section, we bring you the relevant introduction of China's goat breeds, let's take a look. Due to the detailed content and limited space, only 7 kinds are introduced in this section, and the remaining 7 kinds are introduced in the next section. Remember to pay attention.
<h1>1. Liaoning cashmere goat. </h1>
【Place of origin】Liaoning cashmere goat is a combined use of cashmere and meat varieties, which is an excellent variety with the highest yield of cashmere goats in China. This breed has the characteristics of high velvet production, long velvet fiber, moderate thickness, large size, strong adaptability, stable genetic performance, and remarkable effect of improving low-yield goats, and its downflow ranks first in the country, known as "national treasure", and is a key livestock and poultry genetic protection resource in China. It is native to the cities and counties around Buyun Mountain in the mountainous area of southeastern Liaoning Province, and is mainly distributed in Gaizhou and its neighboring Xiuyan, Liaoyang, Benxi, Fengcheng, Kuandian, Zhuanghe, Wafangdian and other places. Liaoning cashmere goat breeding value is extremely high, especially to the formation of new strains of Inner Mongolia cashmere goats outstanding contribution.
【Appearance characteristics】Rams and ewes have horns and hair, ram horns are developed, stretching straight to both sides, and ewe horns extend backwards and upwards. The forehead has naturally curved, silky hairs. The body structure is symmetrical and the physique is strong. The neck is broad and thick, the neck and shoulders are well combined, the back is straight, and the posterior body is developed in an inverted triangular shape. The limbs are short, the hooves are strong, the tail is short and thin, and the tip of the tail is upturned. The coat is all white, the outer layer is coarse and has a mercerizing luster, and the inner layer is fluffy.
【Production performance】The initial love period is 4 to 6 months old, and the first breeding can be carried out at 8 months old. The suitable breeding age is 2 to 6 years old for rams and 1 to 7 years old for ewes. Estrus begins in May and is the peak season from September to November. The estrous cycle averages 20 days, and the duration of estrus is 1 to 2 days. The gestation period is 142 to 153 days. The lambing rate of adult ewes is 110% to 120%, and the survival rate of weaned lambs is more than 95%. The fertility rate of frozen semen in Liaoning cashmere goats is more than 50%, up to 76%.
Liaoning cashmere goats weigh 25 to 30 kg when they are 1 year old, adult rams are about 80 kg, and adult ewes are about 45 kg. The ram slaughter rate was 51.15% and the net meat rate was 35.92%. The ewe slaughter rate was 51.15% and the net meat rate was 37.66%. The cashmere produced by Liaoning cashmere goats is of excellent quality and is the best animal fiber textile raw material in the textile industry. According to the National Animal Fiber Quality Inspection Center, the average fineness of Liaoning cashmere cashmere is 15.35 microns, the net pile rate is 75.51%, the strength is 4.59 grams, and the straight length is 51.42%. Excellent fluff quality.
<h1>2. Albas white cashmere goats</h1>
【Origin】The core origin of Albas white cashmere goats is Albas Sumu of Otok Banner in Ordos City, so it is named Albas White Cashmere Goat, of which the Albas White Cashmere Goat in the Western Mountains of Urendu is the best, and it is now all over the city.
【Appearance characteristics】The coat is all white, composed of two layers, the villi are inside, thin and short, and the luster is good. Large, strong physique, well-proportioned structure. The head is beautiful, with long hairs and velvet on the forehead, and hair under the forehead. Rams and ewes have horns, ram horns are flat and thick, spiraling to the rear sides, and the ewe horns are small and protrude backwards, showing a milky white. The ears are extended or half-drooped from both sides, and the bridge of the nose is slightly concave. The neck is broad and thick, the chest is wide and deep, the ribs are open, the back and waist are straight, the back of the body is slightly higher, the body is longer than the body height, it is almost rectangular, oblique, the limbs are upright, strong and powerful, the length is moderate, and the hooves are solid and hard. The bones are thick and strong, and the muscles are fully developed.
【Production performance】The average weight of adult rams and ewes is 46.9 kg and 33.3 kg; the average shearing volume of adult rams and ewes is 570 g and 257 g; the amount of fleece is 385 g and 305 g; the average length of fluff rams and ewes is 7.6 cm and 6.6 cm. The average level of fluff fineness rams and ewes was 14.6 microns and 15.6 microns, respectively. The slaughter rate for adult sheep is 47% and the lambing rate for ewes is 104%.
<h1>Third, Taihang goats</h1>
【Origin】Taihang goat (Hebei Wu'an goat, Shanxi Licheng daqing sheep, Henan Taihang black goat) is produced in the border areas of Jin, Hebei and Henan provinces on the east and west sides of the Taihang Mountains. Shanxi is distributed in the eastern counties of the southeastern and central Jinxi regions, Hebei is distributed in Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Xingtai, Handan areas on both sides of the Beijing-Guangzhou line, Henan is distributed in Linzhou, Anyang, Qixian, Boai, Qinyang and Xiuwu and other places.
【Physical characteristics】Strong physique, medium physique. The head is moderately sized, the ears are small and protruding, the rams and ewes have hair, most of them have horns, and a few have no horns or horn bases. There are two main types of angles: one is upright and twisted upwards, and a few are crossed at the upper 1/3; the other is backwards and separated to the sides, forming an inverted "eight" shape. Ram horns are long and twisted, and ram and female horns are flattened. The neck is short and thick, the chest is deep and wide, the back and waist are straight, and the posterior body is higher than the front body. The limbs are strong and the hooves are solid. The tail is short and upturned, clinging to the jiri end. The coat color is mainly black, and a few are brown, cyan, gray, and white. There is also a "thrush face" sheep with a white neck, lower abdomen, and femurs. The coat consists of long coarse hairs and fluff.
【Production performance】Adult rams weigh 36.7 kg, adult ewes 32.8 kg, breeding rams weigh 23 kg, and breeding ewes 22 kg. Plush production: Adult rams produce 0.40 kg of wool, 0.28 kg of fleece, and ewes are correspondingly 0.35 kg and 0.16 kg. The ram has 11.2 cm coarse coat, 2.36 cm long and 3.01 cm straight length, with an average fleece of 275 grams and an average shear of 400 grams. The ewes are correspondingly 9.5 cm, 2.86 cm and 3.36 cm, the lint fineness is 14 microns, the average fleece is 160 g, and the average shearing is 350 g. 2.5-year-old sheep weighed 39.9 kg and carcass weight 21.1 kg before slaughter, with a slaughter rate of 52.8% and a net meat rate of 41.4%. The meat is tender and the fat is evenly distributed. Rams and ewes generally mature sexually at 6 to 7 months of age and breed at 1.5 years of age. The lambing rate is about 120%, but it is higher in Hebei Province, reaching 143%.
<h1>4. Xinjiang goats</h1>
【Origin】Xinjiang goat is an ancient local breed, the main products are velvet, milk and meat. Its meat is abundant, the velvet is fine and soft, uniform, strong and good, and it is deeply loved by consumers at home and abroad. It is distributed throughout Xinjiang, among which there are more desert areas in the Altai Mountains, the southern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains, and the northern foothills of the Kunlun Mountains, and the more concentrated areas are Aksu, Kashgar, Kyzylsu, Altay and Hami. Xinjiang goats have strong grip and accumulate more fat in their internal organs.
【Appearance characteristics】Strong physique. The head is larger, the ears are small and semi-droopy, the bridge of the nose is straight or concave, the ram and ewe are mostly horned, the horns are semicircular and curved, or more straight backwards and upright, the corner tip is slightly backwards curved, the between the horns is tufted and hairy, and there is hair under the jaw. The back is straight, the front torso is better developed, and the posterior body is poorer. Udder development of ewes varies with the milking habits of pastoralists in each region. The coat is predominantly white, followed by black, grey, brown and floral colours.
【Production performance】 The average body height, body length, bust circumference and weight of adult rams are as follows: Hami region, 67.2 cm, 71.6 cm, 88.8 cm, 59.51 kg; Aksu region, 63.0 cm, 68.3 cm, 79.0 cm, 32.60 kg. The average height, length, bust circumference and weight of adult ewes are as follows: Hami region, 61.5 cm, 62.8 cm, 76.3 cm, 34.22 kg, Aksu region, 60.7 cm, 65.5 cm, 71.3 cm, 27.10 kg.
<h1>5. Horse-headed goats</h1>
【Origin】Horsehead goats are native to the mountainous areas of western Hunan and Hubei, and are mainly distributed in Shimen, Cili, Zhijiang, Xinhuang, Sangzhi and other counties in Hunan Province and Enshi in Hubei Province. It is formed by the long-term directional breeding of hornless goats with large individuals, fast growth and gentle temperament from soil breeding sheep.
【Appearance characteristics】Strong physique, symmetrical structure. The whole body is covered with white hairs, the hairs are short and close to the body, rich in luster, and there are often a few fluffs in winter. The head is of moderate size, and neither ram nor ewe has horns, but has degenerative horn marks. The ears are slightly drooping forward, the lower jaw has hair, and there are two more fleshy droops under the neck. Adult rams have thick and short necks, ewe necks are slender, and the head, neck and shoulders are well combined. The forebreast is well developed, the back and waist are straight, and the posterior body is well developed and slightly oblique. The limbs are upright and the hooves are firm. Ewe breasts are well developed.
【Production performance】Adult rams weigh 43.81 kg, adult ewes 33.70 kg; meat performance is good, under the condition of annual grazing, 12-month-old sheep weigh about 35 kg, 18 months old up to 47.44 kg, if appropriate feeding, up to 70 ~ 80 kg. According to the measurement, the weight of the 12-month-old karmic sheep is 14.20 kg, the slaughter rate is 54.10%, the body length is 56.59 cm, and the eye muscle area is 7.81 square centimeters; the above indicators of the 24-month-old karmic sheep are 14.94 kg, 54.85%, 58.71 cm, and 9.77 square centimeters, respectively; the 5-month-old sexual maturity, but the suitable breeding month is generally around 10 months old, the four seasons of estrus, perennial mating, mostly 1 year 2 births or 2 years 3 births, the lambing rate is 191.94% to 200.33%.
Horsehead goat is the best goat breed in Jiangnan Provinces of China, its plate skin quality is good, enjoys a high reputation in international trade, and must strengthen breeding to further improve meat production performance.
<h1>6. White goats in southern Shaanxi</h1>
【Origin】The white goat in southern Shaanxi is native to southern Shaanxi. It is likely that the Han Dynasty was brought in with a large number of immigrants and settlements, coupled with frequent wars and the introduction of Islam, as well as the influence of social factors such as the masses' need for meat, and the continuous selection and breeding.
【Appearance characteristics】 The head is clear and slightly wide, the forehead is slightly convex, the nose bridge is straight, the neck is short and wide, the chest is developed, the ribs are well opened, the back and waist are long and straight, the abdominal circumference is large and compact, and the limbs are thick. The coat is predominantly white , with a few being dark brown or variegated. Southern Shaanxi white goats are divided into two types: short-haired and long-haired, and the two types are divided into two types: horned sheep and hornless sheep. The hornless short hair type is short and thin, gentle temperament, precocious and fattening; the hornless long hair type has 9 to 17 cm thick hair on the shoulders, sides and thighs. The horns of the horned long-haired sheep are mostly plate-horned and aggressive.
【Production performance】Adult rams weigh 33.5 kg, adult ewes 32.5 kg, and adult karmic sheep 41.1 kg. Good meat performance, 2-year-old sheep before slaughter live weight of 42.4 kg, carcass weight 22.4 kg, net meat weight 18.0 kg, slaughter rate of 52.8%; early sexual maturity, rams in 121.5 days after birth, weight of 10.4 kg when sexual behavior and produce mature sperm; ewes at 111.6 days after birth, weight of 7.8 kg when the first estrus, 57.6% of the fetus after breeding. The lambing rate of white goats in southern Shaanxi was 259.03%, and the reproductive survival rate of 2 months old was 173.8%. The meat is tender, the fat is white, the taste is light, and the quality of the plate is good. Breeding should be strengthened to increase meat production rate.
(7) Chengdu Hemp Sheep.
【Origin and Breeding History】Chengdu Hemp Sheep is native to the Chengdu Plain in the western part of the Sichuan Basin and its adjacent hilly and low mountainous areas. It is an excellent local breed that is carefully raised and selected by farmers under specific ecological and economic conditions to form a combination of meat and milk.
【Appearance characteristics】The coat of the whole body is brownish yellow, which is short hair type. The color of a single fiber can be divided into three segments, that is, the hair tip is black, the middle part is brownish yellow, the lower part is black gray, and the whole coat has a brownish yellow and black hemp feeling, so it is called hemp sheep. It is also believed that its entire coat is red copper colored, called copper sheep. There are two heterochromatic hair bands on the body, one is a pure black hair band along the neck ridge from the midpoint of the base of the two corners, the dorsal line to the base of the tail. The other is a pure black hair band along the sides of the shoulder blade through the forelimb to the crown of the hoof. Two black hair bands intersect at the bun to form a distinct cross shape. In addition, from the anterior edge of the base of the horn, through the inner corner of the eye along both sides of the bridge of the nose, to the corner of the mouth, there is a spindle-shaped light yellow hair band, resembling the thrush of a thrush bird. The head is medium-sized, with the ears extended laterally, the forehead is broad and slightly protruding, and the bridge of the nose is straight. Most rams and ewes have horns. The ram has a well-developed front body, a majestic posture, and a rectangular body; the ewe has a deep and wide body, a straight back and waist, a slightly oblique jiri, a spherical breast, and a relatively delicate body, slightly wedge-shaped.
【Production performance】Adult rams weigh 43.02 kg, adult ewes 32.6 kg; fast-growing, one-year-old rams weigh 26.79 kg, and one-year-old ewes weigh 23.14 kg. The weight of the aged sheep carcass was 12.15 kg, the net meat weight was 9.21 kg, the slaughter rate was 49.66%, and the net meat rate was 75.8%. The above indicators for adult sheep correspond to 20.54 kg, 16.25 kg, 54.34% and 79.1%. Chengdu hemp sheep is bred in heat all year round, with a lambing rate of 205.91%, a lactation period of 5 to 8 months, a milk production of 150 to 250 kg, and a milk fat rate of 6.47%.
The skin is densely organized, the papillary layer accounts for more than half of the thickness of the whole skin, the mesh layer fiber is thick, the elasticity is good, the strength is large, the texture is soft, the wear resistance is excellent, the quality is excellent, and it is the superior raw material for general leather products and aviation gasoline oil filter leather.
(Responsible editor: Li Yunfei, responsible proofreader: Liu Aochu, second instance person in charge: Zhang Fuxu)
The remaining 7 varieties are updated in the next section, please pay attention.