The Jingkang Rebellion refers to the historical event that in the second year of Jing kang (the fifth year of the Jin Tianhui, 1127), the Jin Dynasty went south to attack the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, Tokyo, and abducted Hui and the Second Emperor of Qin, leading to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. It is also known as the Jingkang Rebellion, the Jingkang Difficulty, and the Jingkang Disaster. Moreover, in addition to the Second Emperor Hui Qin, there were a large number of Zhao royalty, harem concubines, Guiqing, courtiers, etc., a total of more than 3,000 people went north to the Jin Kingdom, and the public and private savings in Tokyo Were empty, and the change of Jing kang led to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty.
As a result, many friends believe that the royal female relatives in the "Jingkang Difficulty" were abducted by the Jin people.
This is not the case.
Strictly speaking, they were sacrificed by the emperor and his ministers to mediate with the Jin people and preserve the Song dynasty.
In the first month of the second year of Jing Kang, the Song and Jin sides signed an agreement, the specific content of which was:
1. Take six people, including Emperor Huizong of Song, King Kang, and Zai Chancellor, as hostages, and use the artifacts in the imperial palace to offset the tribute, and "exempt the land south of the river and the capital of Beijing" as a hostage.
2. With two princesses, two daughters of the Zhao clan, a clan daughter, a prince, a prime minister, 2,500 palace maidens, 1,500 musicians, and 3,000 geisha as hostages, five million silver silks were offered to the Jin court, and the hostages were returned after delivery.
3. The Song Dynasty paid the Jin Dynasty military expenses for this battle, totaling one million ingots of gold and five million ingots of silver. If the Song Dynasty could not collect this indemnity within ten days, it would offset the indemnity according to each princess and princess with 1,000 ingots of gold, 500 ingots of gold for the daughter of the clan, and 200 ingots of gold for the daughter of the clan.
Beginning on the 28th day of the first month, the Song Dynasty began to fulfill the agreement and send women to the Jin Dynasty.
After handing over the hostages, the ministers of Kaifeng Province dug three feet into the ground to raise reparations, but in just ten days the Song people were unable to scrape together the amount. In desperation, Huizong and Qinzong could only use women to offset the compensation in accordance with the agreement. In order to meet the demands of the Jin people, the ministers of Kaifeng Province began to send all the female dependents in the palace to the Jinying, in addition to filling countless private women. These poor women "are disheveled, uneaten, sick, and coveted."
During this period, the Kaifeng fu yin dressed up the five thousand captives and handed them to the Jin people. The Jin people picked and chose these women, and selected three thousand virgins with outstanding appearance and no man to take with them, and the remaining two thousand were put back in Kaifeng. Of course, these women, who were not taken away by the Golden Soldiers, had been humiliated in the Golden Camp. The reason why they were not abducted by the Jin people must be because they were too weak to adapt to the long journey, or their ordinary posture could not satisfy the Jin people, which saved them.
In addition to the deceased women, any women who were related to the royal family were taken away by the Golden People, even girls who were only one year old. Some women in the court and clan who were hiding in the folk were also searched out by the Jin people. In order to verify their identities, the Jin people coerced the internal attendants to guard the gates of the imperial city and check the identities of the women in turn. According to the "History of Jingkang Barnyard", the average age of the women who were taken away by the Jin people at that time was only twenty years old.
In the end, the Jin people selected eighty-three concubines, twenty-four princesses, and twenty-two princesses, and according to the pricing in the agreement, they offset the indemnity of 130,000 gold ingots;
Ninety-eight imperial concubines, twenty-eight royal concubines, fifty-two imperial daughters, seventy-eight imperial daughters, and one hundred and ninety-five daughters of the side branches, equivalent to 220,000 gold ingots;
One thousand two hundred and forty-one tribal women, equivalent to twenty-four hundred and eight thousand gold ingots.
479 palace maidens, 604 female maidens, and 2,091 palace maidens, equivalent to 1,587,000 silver ingots;
2,070 tribal women, 1,314 prostitutes, equivalent to 664,000 silver ingots;
3,319 women, equivalent to 330,000 ingots of silver.
These poor women were clearly priced, for a total of six hundred and seventy thousand gold ingots and two hundred and fifty-eight thousand silver ingots. Even so, in addition to the cash already compensated, the Song Kingdom still owed the Jin State 342,700 gold ingots and 871,000 silver ingots. Throughout the history of our country, there has never been such a situation in which a woman is clearly marked with a price and given to an enemy country as a substitute for reparations. This period of history is a shame that cannot be dissipated in the hearts of the Southern Song Dynasty.
So, what was the fate of the 11,635 women who were abducted by the Jin people?
Most of them became prostitutes and slaves of the Golden Kingdom, and they were bullied to the fullest, and they could never return to their homeland in this life, and even after death, they could not return to their roots.
It can be said that the "Difficulty of Jingkang" had a great impact on future generations.
First of all, this disaster was remembered in the minds of every Song people, and it became a hidden pain that they could not say.
Secondly, it was precisely because of the "Jingkang Difficulty" that the Southern Song Dynasty had the motivation to resist the Jin soldiers.
Finally, for the theorists of the Southern Song Dynasty, the catastrophe had a huge impact on their ideas.
In the special period when ethnic contradictions are extremely acute, the frequent aggression of foreigners makes women bear the brunt of it, and chastity is difficult to protect. How, then, can women's chastity be preserved in this chaotic situation?
Theoreticians abandoned the concept of heavy survival over survival in the previous dynasty, and advocated the idea of keeping the festival with life. At the time of life and death, scholars and doctors gradually agreed with this concept. The repeated preaching of managers and the vigorous promotion of rulers have continued throughout later feudal history.
Even in the Ming and Qing dynasties, women's living space was further limited, and archways flaunting chastity could be seen everywhere in the streets and alleys. The "Jingkang Difficulty" has so many disasters that when later women face the choice between survival and loss, the first thing they think about is how to be martyred, rather than saving their lives.
Resources:
【The Difficulty of Jingkang" and "History of Song"