Usually, the period from the 30th leaf to the 42nd leaf of the banana tree is called the bud differentiation period, which lasts about 100 days. The management of the differentiation period of banana buds is crucial to the yield and quality of the later stage.
1. Weeding and soil cultivation
The management of bananas entering the flower bud differentiation period should be strengthened. We must remove the weeds in the banana garden in time to avoid parasitizing the weeds and causing infection to the banana trees. Weeding and soil are cultivated to block typhoons.
2. Cut the buds
During the bud differentiation phase, many of the parent plants grow on both sides of the second way to absorb buds. According to the current standardized cultivation procedures, the second bud should also be cut with a cutting knife. When cutting the buds, cut the knife from the root and cut it clean with one knife. According to the traditional production method, the second way of absorbing buds grows in a shallower position, which has less impact on the mother plant and can be cultivated into the next generation of fruit trees. However, in standardized and large-scale production bases, it is necessary to remove the suction buds so as not to affect the differentiation of flower buds.
3. Flower-promoting fertilizer
Flower bud differentiation is very critical, and the fertilizer work must keep up. The fertilizers required are organic fertilizer, urea and potassium chloride. Mix the fertilizer and mix well to prepare. Immediately under the longest leaf, another 10 cm retracted trench, the depth and width of the ditch are 10 cm, and the fertilizer is sprinkled as evenly as possible in the fertilization hole. Each banana tree is administered 200 g of potassium chloride and 100 g of urea. The amount of organic fertilizer should be sufficient, and 500 kg per mu should be applied. Finally, the soil is flattened, and the flower buds are fertilized 2-3 times during the differentiation stage. The amount of fertilizer and the method of fertilization are the same as this time.
4. Irrigation
Fertilization is complete, and moisture management needs to keep up. Irrigation of sprinkler irrigation system should be used in a timely manner during the entire flower bud differentiation period. Irrigation time to observe the dry humidity of the soil, the water content of the soil should be kept between 20% and 25%, if it is less than 20%, it is necessary to irrigate, and the amount of irrigation is subject to irrigation. If in the rainy season, the precipitation is too large, forming a stagnant water, should be drained in time to avoid water rot.
5. Piling and windproof
Bananas are afraid of wind damage. In the late stage of flower bud differentiation, it is the arrival of summer, at this time, we must pay attention to prevent typhoons. We use a thick and strong bamboo pole, in the appropriate position at the root of the banana tree, drill the hole with the thickness of the bamboo pole with an electric drill, insert the bamboo pole into the cave, and insert it firmly. Use a rope to tie a rope to the bud of the banana, the height of the bamboo pole should be the same as the height of the banana tree, in order to be more secure, the false stem in the center of the tree should also be tied with a rope. In addition to windproof, the task of growing banana leaves is basically completed at this time, and it is easy to have some diseases and insect pests that harm the leaves.
6. Control of pests and diseases
During this period, the main diseases were leaf spot disease, including leaf curls and red spiders. Leaf spot disease was found, and the prevention and control method introduced during the growth period was used. Let's take a look at the harmful symptoms and control methods of leaf curlews.
The leaf curlew of bananas is also called banana butterfly. It is called a leaf curler at the larval stage and before the adults are feathered, and are called butterflies after feathering into butterflies.
Banana butterfly larvae
Harmful symptoms
Leaf curls are common in banana areas, with old and larvae overwintering in buds. The old mature larvae are pale yellow and covered with raw white wax powder. Adults are tan. Adults lay eggs on the front, back and petioles of banana leaves, and the larvae harm the leaves. The hatched larvae initially crawl to the edge of the leaf for food, spit silk and roll the leaves into tubular buds, and spit silk pupae on the inner wall of the leaf buds. Finally feathered into a butterfly. One larva can harm half a leaf. The badly damaged banana plants do not see the complete leaves, which affects the high quality and high yield of bananas.
Prevention and control methods
To control leaf curlews, the banana garden should first be removed. Dead leaves are stripped and burned intensively to kill the larvae or pupae lurking in the buds, reduce the source of insects, frequently check the banana tree, and manually remove the eggs.
When the banana tree pulls out 40 leaves, the bud differentiation ends. The period of 41st and 42nd leaf extraction is the gestational bud stage. After the buds bloom, we enter the management period of the fruit tree.
Source of the article: Agricultural Finance Network Banana Pass