"A pit, two bricks, three feet of walls, surrounded by four sides", this is a true portrayal of the dirty and messy toilets in some rural areas in the past.
"Covering your nose, tiptoeing, flying mosquitoes and flies, stinking in the sky", this is a true portrayal of the difficulty of some rural people in the past.
Small toilet, big people's livelihood. The rural toilet revolution is related to the improvement of the quality of life of hundreds of millions of peasants, an important breakthrough in improving the rural living environment, and an important measure to implement the strategy of rural revitalization. But for a long time, in the eyes of many people, building toilets is a small thing, "difficult to climb the elegant hall", and toileting has become a matter that will be done.
To change toilets, we must first let the masses change their thinking, concepts, and habits. Since the launch of the rural toilet revolution, all localities have faced difficulties, overcome the "ideological barrier" of the masses, and changed the masses from "I want to change" to "I want to change".
Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province: Breaking Through the "Partition Wall" of the Masses
In 2017, Fu Bo, the former secretary of the party branch of Shiying Village in Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province, touched a nose of ash during the investigation of the toilet.
"Although the villagers have a few wooden planks to put together a dry toilet, and even some toilets have pigsty underneath, everyone is used to it." Fu Bo said that everyone thinks that going to the toilet is "born" without dirty smell, and no matter how well the toilet is built, is it not dirty or smelly?
The attitude of the villagers did not discourage Fu Bo. "Although everyone has a good life, they have not yet developed good habits." Fu Bo said, "Everyone has not really felt the benefits of sanitary toilets, including some of our village cadres, so they don't care about changing toilets." ”
If you don't change your mind, it's hard to change the toilet. Before promoting the toilet revolution, Pengzhou Launched an "ideological revolution" for grass-roots cadres, taking various forms to increase publicity and training, and improving the acceptance and recognition of grass-roots cadres and peasant masses for toilet improvement.
Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province, held a meeting to promote the work of the "toilet revolution" in urban and rural areas of the city.
To this end, Pengzhou City issued the "Implementation Plan for the Transformation of Rural Dry Toilets", and then held a meeting on the site of the city's urban and rural toilet revolution. During the National Patriotic Health Month, experts from the Chengdu Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention were invited to train more than 200 people, including the municipal agricultural and rural bureau, the heads of the town (street), the town health center (community service center), and the heads of some village communities.
"The purpose of this is to deepen their understanding of the work of toilet improvement, and only when leading cadres are familiar with the important significance and technical requirements of household toilet transformation can they better mobilize and guide the masses." The relevant person in charge of the Pengzhou Municipal Agriculture and Rural Bureau was introduced.
In order to stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative of the peasant masses to change toilets, the Pengzhou Municipal Health and Health Bureau on the one hand distributed rural toilet improvement brochures, publicity leaflets, wall calendars and other materials in the crowded markets, and widely publicized the harm caused by improper treatment of toilet manure, the benefits of using sanitary toilets, and the principle of harmless treatment of manure. On the other hand, propaganda posters on the transformation of household toilets were posted in villages, and village cadres were also organized to explain the benefits of toilet renovation to farmers in person through villagers' meetings, courtyard and dam meetings, and household visits.
Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province, explained to farmers the benefits of toilet improvement by drawing propaganda pictures, slogans, and distributing brochures in rural areas.
According to statistics, since the toilet revolution was launched, Pengzhou has distributed more than 360,000 copies of various publicity materials and mobilized more than 219,000 households.
Just say don't practice the fake handle. In order for the peasant masses to truly accept the toilet change from their hearts, they must be allowed to see the tangible results. Pengzhou City has adopted the working method of first small-scale demonstration and then large-scale whole village promotion, and has established 7 municipal-level demonstration points in 20 towns (streets), and 1 to 2 town-level demonstration points have been established in each town (street), taking the lead in promoting the transformation of household toilets with high quality.
Bmw Village in Jiuzhi Town is one of the demonstration points. Many village party branch secretaries who visited the toilets here sighed: "Seeing that others have changed so well, their own villages cannot lag behind." ”
"By letting the secretary of the village party branch visit the demonstration site, the villagers themselves experienced and publicized to the outside world, so that word of mouth was passed on by ten or ten hundred, creating a good atmosphere for toilet improvement." The relevant person in charge of the Pengzhou Municipal Agriculture and Rural Bureau was introduced.
Carrying out pilot projects among party member households is also an effective practice for Pengzhou To promote the work of toilet improvement. Tianpeng Street Li'an Village Cadre introduced: "Guiding party members to play an exemplary and leading role is very helpful for promoting the transformation of household toilets in the whole village. Villager Hu Jing was reluctant to change the toilet before, thinking that it cost a lot of money, but when he saw that the toilet that the party members in the village changed first was good, he was moved. Now the new toilet is easy to use and hygienic, and the whole yard has no odor.
Zhang Bao, a villager in Jingyan Village, Longfeng Street, has become the most exquisite from the previous general, and the walls and floors of the two toilet houses are pasted with different styles of tiles, "Before going to the toilet was a sin, now it is enjoyment." Zhang Bao joked.
At present, the work of changing toilets in rural areas of Pengzhou City is in full swing.
Jingxing Mining Area, Hebei Province: Change a sample to show the masses
"In the past, my daughter-in-law didn't want to stay at home when she came back, because it was inconvenient to go to the toilet. Now it's good, the toilet is not only into the house, but also tasteless. The kids are back to stay at home for a few more days! Cheng Morong of Baibiao Village, Jingxin Mining District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, talked about the benefits of changing toilets.
"When I first decided to change the toilet, many villagers were skeptical, and the villagers not only hated to spend money, but also worried that it would not be easy to use, and the ideological knots could not be solved, and even some villagers said that the government worked hard and hurt the people." A village cadre in Baibiao Village said.
To this end, the "two committees" of the village decided that the village cadres would take the lead in doing the work and taking the lead in the test, and broke out a road to change toilets relying on the organization of the village committee and mobilizing the peasant masses.
The Jingxing Mining Area of Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, has established a rural toilet manure treatment team, which has dispelled the worries of the masses.
"Through loudspeaker broadcasting, television broadcasting, paper distribution, household visits, mobilization meetings, and demonstration households in different villages, the importance, experience and practices of rural toilet reform and correct use methods are widely disseminated, so that the people can gradually understand the benefits of toilet reform." The village cadres of Baibiao Village said, "The people are not willing to change, so our village cadres and party members will change first, and give samples to the peasant masses. ”
In 2018, most of the villagers in Baibiao Village had completed the water flushing toilet, but some elderly people did not want to change it. "Usually there are two old people at home, and there are public toilets outside, so there is no need." In the face of the village cadres who came to persuade them, the villager Lao Zhao still insisted on his ideas. The village cadres did not say anything, but from time to time asked them to experience the bathroom after the toilet was changed. "It's so clean and convenient!" After a period of time, the old Zhao couple figured it out and took the initiative to buy a toilet.
However, no matter how great the ability of village cadres is, they cannot take into account the toilet improvement work of every household in the village. The Jingxin Mining Area gives full play to the role of rural grass-roots party branches as fighting bastions, refines responsibilities, decomposes problems, takes "party branches - party groups - party members - villagers' representatives" as the main line, tries first in the homes of party members and villagers' representatives, plays a typical demonstration role, invites the masses to experience at home, and feels the changes brought about by toilet improvement.
The knots of thought are unraveled, and sanitary toilets are built. Nowadays, Cheng Morong has become a propagandist of toilet transformation, and everyone advises: "Hurry up and change it, the benefits of sanitary toilets you use will know." ”
Huangzhou District, Huanggang City, Hubei Province: How to build toilets, the masses have the final say
If the villagers are unwilling to change and forcibly push forward, the effect will eventually be greatly reduced, resulting in dissatisfaction among the masses. However, toilet improvement is a people's livelihood project, and if it is not promoted, the effect of the policy will be greatly reduced.
A corner of the rural toilet transformation manure treatment facility in Huangzhou District, Huanggang City, Hubei Province.
Huangzhou District, Huanggang City, Hubei Province, handed over the "right to speak" of toilet improvement to the masses, how to change it, where to build it, let the masses participate in the whole process, and extensively and deeply mobilize the masses, organize the masses, and guide the masses. This has become a "magic weapon" for Huangzhou District to improve rural toilet habits for thousands of years.
The renovation of household toilets in Dujialin Village in Huangzhou District was completed early, but when the villagers' dry toilets were demolished, they encountered a lot of resistance. It turns out that although every family has a clean flushing toilet, some elderly villagers are still not used to "squatting at home" and like to "squat outside". But now there is only one public dry toilet in a village, and once it is demolished, it is inconvenient to "squat outside".
What to do? It is necessary to gradually change the habits of farmers and to respect customs. According to the requirements of the superior, Huangzhou District only needs to build 116 village-level public toilets, but the district has decided to build 388 additional group-level public toilets to meet the diversified needs of the masses and also to dispel the concerns of the masses for the demolition of old dry toilets.
In some suburban communities, the spacing between residents' houses is small, and there is no room for one family to build septic tanks, only village-level format septic tanks can be built. Where was it built? How to build? The toilet improvement headquarters did not simply specify, but fully solicited the opinions of the villagers.
"In view of the different terrain conditions of each household, let the farmers discuss and make their own decisions, and the village committee will discuss where the manure pond is suitable for the third year." Huangzhou district leader said.
Today, Huangzhou District has built more than 100 septic tanks in the third year, solving the problem of 5936 landless septic tanks. In addition, in order to solve the problem that brick septic tanks could not be built in the loose soil area, 2200 integrated finished product tanks were installed, and 1020 irregular septic tanks were built under the premise of ensuring the volume ratio according to the terrain conditions.
Rural public toilets in Huangzhou District, Huanggang City, Hubei Province
Raising the awareness of the masses to participate is also key. In the process of promoting the rural toilet revolution, Huangzhou District has always put publicity and education in the first place, and organized the masses to consciously and actively participate in the toilet revolution. More than 60 work mobilization meetings, training meetings, and promotion meetings were held at the district and township levels, more than 260 forums of mass representatives were held in various villages, and more than 60,000 pamphlets were printed and distributed to the villages, making the importance, policies, plans, and knowledge of building toilets, changing toilets, managing toilets, and guarding toilets well-known.
At the same time, Huangzhou District has established a working mechanism of "district-level leaders to pack townships and towns, district departments directly under the district to pack villages, and party members and cadres to work together." The secretary of the district party committee has set an example by taking the lead in going into villages and households to do mass work, listen to the voices of the masses, visit backward villages where the work has been slow to advance, investigate and analyze problems, and study and solve them on the spot. Members of the four sets of district teams went deep into the township streets and villages where they were connected to solve problems. Through "grasping the two ends and taking the middle", we have dispelled the ideological concerns of grass-roots cadres and the masses, and ensured that the work of changing toilets has been vigorously and orderly promoted, and nearly 30,000 toilets have been transformed into rural households and more than 14,000 dry toilets have been demolished. (Wang Jianren)
Source: China Rural Revitalization, No. 10