Speaking of the Osawa Township Uprising, I believe that everyone is no stranger to it.
In the course of the uprising, the peasants attacked Xianyang in three ways: the rebel army led by Wu Guang was hindered by the Qin general's oath to defend the city, so it was difficult to continue to advance; the rebel army led by Song Liu traveled from Nanyang to Wuguan; the rebel army led by Zhou Wen was encouraged and supported by the people along the way, so the road to march was very smooth. It took only ten days for this army to sweep away the Huai River and the Yellow River.
By the time it reached Hangu Pass and prepared to attack Xianyang, it already had thousands of horses and horses and hundreds of thousands of troops.
Taking advantage of the high morale, the Zhou Wen rebel army marched straight into Hangu Pass and continued to approach Xianyang, posing a serious military and political threat to Qin rule. When Qin II first learned of the news of the peasant rebel army, he was very dissatisfied, believing that these people were just a ragtag group and would soon fail. But what he did not expect was that Zhou Wen actually led more than 100,000 troops to attack Xianyang.
At this time, Qin II woke up from the dream of "ruling the people for thousands of generations". Faced with Zhou Wen's army of more than 100,000, Qin II was so frightened that he quickly adopted Zhang Handan's advice: liberate the criminals and slaves who were currently building the Lishan Tomb, and reorganize these people into an army to resist Zhou Wen. Therefore, Zhang Handan led these 300,000 troops to fight back against Zhou Wen.
Zhou Wen did not expect that the Qin army actually had reinforcements, because there was no preparation, so it was difficult for Zhou Wen to confront them, so he asked for support from other rebel armies. Although Chen Sheng ordered Wu Chen to lead troops to support Zhou Wen, Wu Chen was busy cultivating and developing his own forces at that time and refused Chen Sheng's orders. Although Wu Guang had troops stationed in the Xingyang area, he did not send troops to reinforce Zhou Wen.
In this way, Zhou Wen fell into an impasse with no assistance. Subsequently, Zhou Wen and the Qin army engaged in several fierce battles, but because the strength of the two sides was equal, they were deadlocked with each other, and it was difficult to decide the victory or defeat. In the end, due to his weak strength and unable to win, Zhou Wen decided to move to Henan. Zhang Handan took advantage of the victory to pursue, trailing Zhou Wen. Later, Zhou Wen and the Qin army fought a decisive battle in the area of Shichi.
In this battle, Zhou Wen's army was unable to compete with the powerful Qin army due to its weak strength, so it failed. After the defeat of the soldiers, Zhou Wen felt a deep despair and chose to end himself. After attacking Zhou Wen, Zhang Handan turned his target to the besieged Xingyang. After that, he immediately led his troops to rescue Xingyang, echoing with the Xingyang defenders inside and outside. Suddenly, Wu Guang was attacked by the defenders and Zhang Handan, and it was difficult to escape.
However, at this critical moment, contradictions broke out within the rebel army: Wu Guang's subordinate Tian Zang falsely passed on Chen Sheng's order and killed Wu Guang. In this way, the rebel army lost its leader, had no targets to attack, and became a scattered sand. Finally, under the attack of the Qin army, the Wuguang rebel army was completely destroyed. In 209 BC, Zhang Handan, who had broken through the rebel armies of Zhou Wen and Wu Guang, continued to lead the army forward.
At this time, he attacked Chen County, the political center of Zhang Chu. At the same time, Wang's border guards received orders from Qin II to go to Chen County to reinforce Zhang Handan.
At that time, the peasant rebel army was scattered in various areas to fight, so there were not many troops in the Area of Chen County. Faced with the menacing offensive of the Qin army, the rebel army was powerless to resist. Therefore, Chen Sheng ordered the rebels in Wei, Zhao and other areas to come to support.
However, the Wei and Zhao armies refused Chen Sheng's orders and did not reinforce them. In desperation, Chen Sheng had no choice but to lead his army to defend Chen County. However, despite this, the decline of the rebel army gradually revealed, and the morale was depressed. Faced with this situation, Chen Sheng had to order a retreat. When the rebel army retreated to present-day Bo County, Anhui Province, a coachman named Zhuang Jia took advantage of the chaos to kill Chen Sheng and seize the power of the army.
At that time, the rebel army led by Song Liu was preparing to occupy Nanyang and later marched into Wuguan. When the news of Chen Sheng's killing reached the army, the army was panicked and lost the momentum to advance. It didn't take long for Song Liu to surrender to the Qin army. Later, Qin II ordered Song Liu to be escorted to Xianyang and executed by car splitting.
Later, Chen Sheng's remnant Lü Chen continued to fight for the liberation of the peasants, not only killing Zhuang Jia and recovering the lost territory of Chen County, but also joining forces with Yingbu to severely damage the Qin army. In the end, Lü Chen submitted to the Xiangliang rebel army.
The above is the detailed history of the first peasant uprising in China.
Although the peasant uprising led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang lasted only six months before it failed, their heroic deeds and high fighting spirit inspired thousands of peasants in China to throw themselves into the uprising movement and pointed out a path for the peasants to liberate themselves.
Later, by studying the uprising, it can be found that it has three fatal flaws:
First, when the uprising flourished and achieved a brief victory, Chen Sheng was proud and complacent, focusing only on the attack and neglecting the defense. Later, under the inducement of some people with hearts, Chen Sheng killed his partner who had suffered with him.
In terms of appointing talents, Chen Sheng only believed in his own confidants and did not know how to control people's hearts, and moreover, the rewards and punishments in the army were not clear, which seriously affected the unity of the army; in terms of daily life, Chen Sheng coveted glory and wealth and asked to live in the palace house. These actions of his not only alienated the people at the grass-roots level, but also made the generals not close to him, which greatly accelerated the failure of the uprising.
As the uprising continued, some of the old nobles of the Six Kingdoms also joined the uprising. However, they harbored ghost fetuses, cultivated their own forces, and spread their land everywhere to become kings. This not only dispersed and weakened the strength of the rebel army, but also gave the Qin army a chance to defeat the rebel army.
Although Chen Sheng and Wu Guang directly organized this peasant uprising and established a peasant regime, they ignored the traitors and traitors in the revolutionary ranks, so that there was a major incident in which the coachman killed the leader. When the rebel army loses its leader, it also loses its way forward, which leads to instability and defeat.
Although this uprising has many flaws, the Chen Sheng WuGuang uprising fundamentally shook the rule of the Qin Dynasty, and also created favorable conditions for Xiang Yu and Liu Bang to destroy qin, which occupies an important position in the history of China's peasant wars, and it is also an excellent education for the feudal rulers behind it.
Resources:
["Shi ji shi shi jia shi jia", "Han Shu , volume 31 , Chen Shengxiang biography no. 1 " History , volume 92 • Marquis of Huaiyin 32 " ]