Peach is one of the main fruits consumed by Chinese residents, everyone likes to eat, known as "peach raising people" reputation. It has the characteristics of attractive aroma, bright colors, juicy and delicious, and rich nutrition. Rich in organic acids, proteins, vitamin C, B1, B2 and carotenoids needed by the human body. Nowadays, the total area of peach cultivation in China has reached 770,000 hectares, the total output is 12.88 million tons, and also occupies 66% of the total output of the world's peach country, in the country, in recent years, the scale of the peach industry has been increasing, the market has also rapidly tended to saturate the state, the current peach in terms of price has not appeared too much price fluctuations, but there is some downward trend, under the guarantee of quality, the overall price trend of peaches has tended to stabilize the period, the income of fruit farmers will not have too large changes.
China is the hometown of peach trees, in fact, as early as the tenth century BC or so, "Poetry Wei Feng" has "garden peach, in fact, the confusion", after a long period of cultivation, there have been different "star" products in various places, Zhejiang Fenghua "Jade Dew Beauty", Guangdong Lianping chickpeas, Suzhou Zhongshan yellow peach, etc., they can stand out in many varieties to become well-known "star" products, mainly rely on the "taste" to conquer many consumers, and with the improvement of today's living standards, Our choice of fruit is not limited to the taste of the fruit, and the "value" of the fruit is also a major purchase premise when we buy fruit.
The difference in quality may also have a more wide spread of virus invasion, to the orchard caused irreversible damage, to the fruit farmers caused certain economic losses, recently some fruit farmer friends message reflected that the peach fruit surface has a white piece, but the flesh will not immediately necrosis, after a period of time the disease will produce depression, and some crack symptoms or oozing out of some gelatinous substances, specifically do not know what caused the impact. The preliminary diagnosis is the "peach powdery mildew" that we want to mention today, in recent years, with the application of climate, new agricultural production technologies and the upgrading of pesticides and fertilizers, orchard diseases and insect pests are also slowly changing year by year, due to the decline of the previous main treatment of diseases and insect pests, bringing about the rise in the proportion of secondary diseases and insect pests. Powdery mildew has risen rapidly in recent years, and has occurred in various peach-producing areas in China, and if it is not properly managed, it may also have a great impact on the economic benefits of orchards. Therefore, today, we will understand the transmission and treatment of powdery mildew with you, so that we can find relevant problems as soon as possible and solve them when treating diseases and insect pests, and stop losses in time. Don't cause unnecessary financial losses because of powdery mildew.
<h1>Get to know powdery mildew</h1>
Powdery mildew is a very common viral hazard in orchards and is the most drought-tolerant fungal disease for plants, which is generally more likely to occur in warm and arid climates and is also easy to spread at the seedling stage. In recent years, it is rarely found on the leaves and new shoots, but it is very serious on the fruit, and when the peach fruit is infected with powdery mildew, white spots will be produced on the surface, and there will be a slight depression in the spots, which will lead to the deformity of the diseased fruit when severe. The disease manifests itself in leaf infection, a nearly round mycelium-like substance with white and unclear edges on the back, and a greenish-yellow surface, although in severe cases, the mycelium bushes cover the entire leaf surface. When the fruit is killed, a white round, irregular mycelium-like substance will appear in May and June, and gradually convert to powder, and then the tissue near the epidermis will be close to death, forming most of the light brown spots, and then the spots will slightly concave and gradually become hard. If not properly managed, it may cause large-scale contagion, causing unnecessary economic losses, and seriously may lead to damage to orchards.
<h1>Pathogens, harmful symptoms and transmission routes of powdery mildew</h1>
1. Pathogenesis
There are two pathogens of powdery mildew, one of which is tridentiated filament monocysticular fungus, which occurs more widely and mainly harms young branches and peach leaves. The specific traits of Tridentia monocysticum are exogenous hyphae. The vegetations on the leaves are thin , but they are nearly gone in the later stages of the disease. The conidia are slightly spherical or oval, colorless, monospores, and the basal cells of the conidia stem are masted. The second is Tao mononuclear filamentum, the specific traits of the conidia of Tao monocytosis are oval to oblong, colorless, monospores, mainly the culprits who cause fruit symptoms. It has strong frost resistance and can still germinate in case of late frost, which belongs to a type of pathogen that is more difficult to deal with.
2. Symptoms of harm
After the peach leaves are dyed, the front side produces yellowish-green pale yellowish-green spots with inconspicuous edges, and the small spots have a substance similar to white flour, and the spots appear wavy. At the end of the summer, many small black dots often appear on the spots, and the diseased leaves often fall off early. The fruit is more susceptible to infection with germs headed by young fruits, the spots are in a circular state, covered with dense white powder, and the shape of the peach fruit is not correct, often appearing as a skew.
III. Transmission Routes
The disease is a fungal disease, and the pathogens are Tridentia monocysticus and Peach monocystis. Pathogenic bacteria overwinter with ascomycetes or hyphae, and release the ascomycete shell as a source of initial infection in the spring to infect other fruit trees. Southern pathogen conidia act as inoculations for primary and re-infestation, transmitted by air. Although the transmission method is relatively easy, but compared to other diseases and insects, if it is properly managed, it will not cause too much damage to the orchard, and there will be no excessive economic loss.
<h1>How to prevent powdery mildew</h1>
First, the prevention mechanism of powdery mildew
1. Breeding good seeds
We want to choose here is suitable for the local planting of excellent varieties, each excellent variety may have different requirements for the local climate soil, in the face of the purchase of seeds, we need to understand whether it is suitable for our current climate soil requirements, in addition to selecting excellent varieties, the seedlings are soaked in water for 12 hours, so that the seedlings can fully absorb water to facilitate germination, improve the survival rate, and irrigate the soil after planting.
2. Pay attention to the control of soil
The first thing to do with Taoyuan is, of course, reasonable fertilization and irrigation, strengthening soil management, and paying attention to the appropriate mix of fertilizers, with the following points to pay attention to:
1, balanced fertility: fertilization should pay attention to the application of appropriate organic fertilizer to play a role in loosening the soil to activate nutrients, the need to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, enhance the disease resistance of the tree, to avoid fruit trees.
2, the need to further supplement the beneficial microorganisms: pay more attention to the application of potassium fertilizer and boron, silicon, copper, manganese and other trace elements injection, pay attention to the use of fertilizer between the three elements of the use of the proportion.
3. Cultivate excellent plants from multiple angles
Pruning: Sparse main branch on the back and back of the branch, oblique branches fruit according to 10 ~ 15cm spacing to leave one, too dense can be simplified. The main trunk needs to retain permanent auxiliary branches, and the final result of occupation is that the remaining auxiliary branches are lost. After the main branch droops after fruiting, you can use the buds on the back or the branch to change the head to raise the angle of the main branch.
4. Fine management of each item in the field
In order to promote the rapid growth of peach trees and ensure that peach trees are full of nutrients, it is necessary to topdress three times again under the premise of full fertilization in the same year, namely 50g of urea in May, 100g of urea in July, and 20g of potassium fertilizer in August. Spraying urea on the leaves in the early stage ensures the nutrition of the fruit trees, and to a certain extent, the nutrition of the leaves is guaranteed. Pay attention to daily cleaning of fallen leaves in the park and timely treatment of pests and diseases, as far as possible to resist the invasion of powdery mildew.
2. Rescue measures for diseased fruit trees
1. Eliminate the source of the disease
After the peach tree leaves fall to before germination, it is necessary to thoroughly clean up the state of the fallen leaves, dead branches and diseased fruits in the peach orchard, and it should be intensively treated and burned, or the combined fertilizer is buried deep in the soil to avoid secondary infection. In the early stage of bud expansion, it is necessary to spray 5 baumedo stone sulfur compound in order to eliminate the overwintering germs and prevent and control the infection of the spring fruit tree.
2. Pharmacy treatment and precautions
In March, the planting area is evenly sprayed with 5 Baume concentrations of stone sulfur compound, reducing the incidence of diseases and insect pests, other diseases and insect pests such as drill heartworms, aphids, etc. are very easy to cause powdery mildew, the need for comprehensive unified control in the case of encountering diseased fruit trees spray 45% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times or 25% powder rust rather wettable powder 1000 times liquid and other agents have a better control effect. And 0.25 Baumedo stone sulfur compound, the effect of the prevention and treatment of the disease is also relatively outstanding, but when using it should be noted that if it is a high temperature in summer, the agent should be discontinued to avoid excess drug damage.
3. Cut off the transmission route in many ways
In the early stage of the disease, pay attention to the timely removal of the diseased fruit, should be buried deep in the land or do destruction treatment, in the prevention and control or treatment must be combined with multi-angle, all-round elimination of diseases and insect pests, chemical science drugs, physical artificial burial and incineration. Cut off the possible transmission route as much as possible, and the finer it is, the lower the chance of fruit tree disease.
The above is a summary of the characteristics of the treatment of powdery mildew, transmission and treatment methods, I hope to have a certain help for fruit farmers, in the face of such germs we should focus on prevention, do a good job in the early prevention work, our management of orchards may be much easier. In the case of diseases and pests in the orchard, we should not panic, and timely inquiry about the causes and treatment is the best policy. Fine management, timely inspection, proper method is conducive to improving the overall quality of the orchard, for the increase of production, improve competitiveness in the market, and finally let their income increase year by year.