[Alias] Thorn rose. [Scientific name] Rosa rugosa Thunb.
[Botanical characteristics] Rose is a small deciduous shrub of the Rose family of the rose genus, the plant height is 1 to 2 meters; single peanut or several clusters, single or heavy petals, mostly purple-red, there are also red, pink and white variants, flower stems 6 to 7 cm, with strong fragrance, flowering once a year, flowering period of June to July; the environment is suitable, sometimes after autumn can also flower twice.
[Ecological habits] Roses have strong adaptability, like sunlight, and can also tolerate semi-shade; the suitable growth temperature is 15 to 25C. Roses have the characteristics of being more resistant to drought, afraid of excessive humidity, and avoiding water accumulation. Although the soil requirements are not strict, if it is planted in a place with shallow soil layer, poor fertility, and easy soil compaction, the root system development is hindered, the branches and leaves are yellow, and the flowers are less flavorful, so it is advisable to plant roses on moist land with sufficient sunshine, high and dry terrain, deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, and good aggregate structure to grow well. Roses are extremely hardy, and they will not be frozen when the temperature drops to -20 C in winter, so they can overwinter in the open ground in a large area in the north of China.
[Cultivation points] Cultivation points include the following aspects:
(1) Sowing and propagation Single-petal flower varieties are mostly propagated by sowing, and it is advisable to follow the harvest and sow after autumn, otherwise it will not germinate in the second year. Heavy-petaled flower varieties are not easy to bear fruit because their stamens have become petals, so they are mostly propagated by cuttings, splitting and striping. Cuttings are propagated in late autumn or early spring by cutting hard branches for cuttings, or cuttings are picked in young branches during the growing season, and both cuttings are easy to take root and survive. The tillering force of roses is extremely strong, and tillers can be directly dug up for propagation. The best plant is in the first year, select 3 to 4 years old plants as the mother plant, fertilize and water in and around its roots, and cultivate in time to keep the soil loose and moist, so that the roots breed a large number of buds, and divide the plants after the leaves fall in November and December or when the buds just germinate in Early March of the following year. Each cluster has 2 to 3 branches, and it is necessary to bring whiskers, dip in mud and divide them, and water them after planting.
(2) Field management rose multi-row open-field cultivation. Apply sufficient base fertilizer before planting, and after planting: fill with enough water. Roses like fertilizer and are generally fertilized 4 times a year. Apply a germination fertilizer in early spring, apply a flowering fertilizer early in May, apply a secondary fertilizer during the flowering period, and apply an organic fertilizer before winter, then the next year there are many flowers, large flowers, and fragrant colors. When the air is dry in the early spring, it should be fully irrigated to promote the differentiation of flower buds and prolong the flowering time. During the fertility period, weeding should be regularly cultivated. Roses are afraid of waterlogging, and the water accumulates for a little longer, and the lower leaves are yellow, and when they are severe, they will die. Therefore, the rainy season needs to be drained in time. A more aggressive approach to waterlogging roses is not to plant roses in low-lying areas with stagnant water.
(3) Whole branch pruning is an important - ring in rose management work. Rose pruning is divided into flowering trimming and dormant trimming. Pruning at the flowering stage: After the first batch of flowers blooms, it is shortened at 15 to 20 cm above the base of the flower branches, which promotes the development of new branches, and the second flowering is more and of good quality. Dormant pruning: Leave 4 to 5 branches per plant before germination in early spring, cut short from 40 to 50 cm above the ground, leave 1 to 2 side branches per branch, and leave two bud cuts on each side branch. A rose can live for more than 20 years, and the 3-year-old plant blooms at its peak, and after 4 to 5 years, it begins to decline, and the yield and quality of the flowers decline, so it needs to be renewed and rejuvenated. The method of renewal and rejuvenation: for the rose garden that has been colonized for 4 to 5 years, the old roots are turned out in winter, the diseased insect branches and aging branches are removed and re-cut, and the overly dense and over-strong plants are divided, or the aging rose plants are cut off in the autumn and winter, and then the soil between the rose rows is ploughed, and the cake fertilizer is applied and the water is filled. Although there are not many flowers produced in the following year, the flower output will be greatly improved in the next 2 to 3 years.
(4) Disease prevention and control roses are often easy
Diseases that occur include rust (Figure 12), powdery mildew, and dark spot disease.
(1) Rust. The disease mainly harms leaves, petioles, calyxes and young shoots. After the leaf is damaged, small yellow dots appear on the leaf surface, and many orange-yellow powders are scattered on the back of the leaves. On petioles or branches, the spots are yellow-nodular protrusions. When severely affected, the leaves turn yellow and fall off early, affecting ornamental and second-year flowering.
Prevention and control methods: Starting from the early spring after germination, spray 500 to 600 liquids of Daisen zinc, Daisen manganese or Daisen manganese zinc every 10 days, and spray 3 to 4 times continuously; the mass fraction of 97% dioxide and 250 times of the initial spray of the disease are sprayed for prevention and treatment.
(5) Pest control Rose insect pests include rose scarf moth (Figure 13), rose stem bee, leaf cutter bee, mesomorph, thorn moth, moth, scarab beetle, tianniu and so on.
Rose-turban nocturnal moth: The larvae of the rose-turban moth are 40 to 50 mm long; the body is dark gray, covered with irregular brown markings; there are two yellow-white spots on the top of the head; there are gray-yellow longitudinal stripes on the back of the body; there is a pair of small yellow-white eye spots on the back of the first abdominal segment, and one pair of small black spots on the back of the eighth abdominal segment. The larvae harm young shoots and leaves, but can also bite buds and corolla, leaving the affected leaves incomplete and the flowers withering. Anti-metallurgical method: manual capture of larvae, spraying of 50% mass fraction of borage pine 1,000 times liquid, or mass fraction of 20% of prethroid 2,000 times liquid for control.
[Practical value] Roses not only have high ornamental value, but also have high economic value. Rose flowers are the famous spice raw materials of the spice industry, and the aromatic rose oil extracted from flowers is more expensive than gold. At the same time, roses can be used as raw materials for smoking flower tea, wine making and food flavor. Rose petals are edible; flower buds are also available for medicinal purposes; and the fruit is high in vitamin C, which is an important raw material for extracting natural vitamin C.