Many nonionic surfactants are often used in washing products, and in industrial and public facility detergents, many varieties of nonionic surfactants are used as main detergents, and most varieties are used as auxiliaries and builders.
(1) Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO)
Performance: Alkyl chain lengths in AEO are different, and their lipophilicity is different. Different numbers of EOs are different in water solubility. For example, coco-alcohol products can be used as detergents, while C18 alcohol products can only be used as emulsifiers and leveling agents. Natural alcohols are better decontaminated and emulsified than synthetic alcohol products, while synthetic alcohol products are relatively water-soluble (the action of odd carbon atoms). The more EO you add, the more water soluble the product becomes. AEO below 6 is oil-soluble, and more than 6 is a water-soluble product. The more EOs, the lower the cloud point of the product.
(1) Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene (3) ether (AEO3, emulsifier FO or MOA-3), which is liquid at 25 ° C, has emulsification, leveling, osmosis and other effects. In liquid detergents, it can be used as an auxiliary ingredient, or used alone as a leveling agent, textile oil agent, etc.
(2) Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene (5) ether (AEO5, wetting agent JFC), using C7-C9 synthetic alcohols, the number of EOs is 5.
It is a liquid at room temperature and has a good wetting and osmotic effect. It is mainly used in textile printing and dyeing, papermaking and other industries, as a leveling agent, penetrant, wetting agent, auxiliary component of industrial washing.
(3) Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene (7) ether (AEO7, emulsifier MOA-7), using C12-C16 coconut oil alcohol, EO number 7, light yellow liquid. It has good wetting, foaming, decontamination and emulsification, and has high degreasing ability and resistance to hard water. It can be widely used in various detergents (such as metal cleaners, detergents for fibers) and other additives.
(4) Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene (9) ether [AEO(9), pingping plus 9], the selection of C12-C16 coconut oil alcohol, EO number of 9, is the most commonly used detergent main ingredient, with decontamination, emulsification, degreasing, shrinkage, wetting effect. Widely used as a main detergent.
It is particularly suitable for washing non-polar matrices such as synthetic fibers and other hard surfaces. Used in textile printing and dyeing industry as degreaser, fleece, emulsifier, etc.
(5) Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene (10) ether (AEO-10), using C12-C18 fatty alcohol, the number of EOs is 10. The product is soluble in water and has good wetting, emulsifying, decontamination, degreasing and hard water resistance. It can be used in the detergent industry, textile industry as detergent, wetting agent, textile oil ingredient and pesticide emulsifier.
(6) Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene (15) ether (pingping plus 15, AEO-15, OS-15). The products have excellent emulsification, dispersion and decontamination properties. It is mainly used as a leveling agent for textile printing and dyeing industry. Also used in industrial detergents such as metalworking cleaners. It is also used as an emulsifier for cosmetics, pesticides, and inks.
(7) Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene (22) ether (AEO-22 leveling agent O): with excellent foam, high dispersion can prevent dye precipitation during dyeing, and can also be used as a washing ingredient.
(8) Oleol polyoxyethylene (5,10) ether (oleoyl alcohol ether-5 or -10): The appearance of the product is white or slightly yellow liquid to waxy. There is a special pungent odor, the higher the EO, the more viscous the product. The product has emulsification power, dispersion force, decontamination force and so on. Detergents, emulsifiers, etc. for special occasions.
(2) Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (TX-10, OP-10, OΠ-10)
Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether is formed by condensing alkylphenol as an oleophilic group and condensing with ethylene oxide. The oleophilic group can be phenol, tocresol, naphthol and the like, and the most useful is nonylphenol. The average number of ethylene oxide is also different. Taking nonylphenol as an example, when 4 EOs are added, they are not soluble in water, when they are added to 6-7 EOs, the product is completely soluble in water at room temperature, and the products condensed with 8-12 EO have very good wetting, permeability and washing ability, and the emulsification ability and low foaming effect are the valuable properties of the product. When the EO is condensed to more than 15, the product loses its penetration and washing ability, and is only used as a special emulsifier and dispersant.
Performance: high chemical stability, strong acid resistance, strong alkali, with good wetting power, penetration, decontamination and strong emulsification force. In addition, it has low foam, antistaticity, hard water resistance and good compatibility, which is also an excellent performance for its wide use.
Uses: Widely used in industrial and public facilities detergent. Such as metal pickling agents, alkaline detergents, metal water-based cleaners, stove or kitchen detergents, textile industry detergents, leveling agents and various hard surface cleaners.
(3) Fatty acid polyoxyethylene (10) ester (emulsifier SE-10)
Performance: The penetration and decontamination of fatty acid polyoxyethylene (10) ester is not as strong as that of fatty alcohols and alkylphenol products, mainly as emulsifiers, dispersants, fiber oil agents, dyeing aids. Its chemical stability is also poor, it is easy to hydrolyze under strong acid or strong alkali conditions, and its performance is significantly reduced. The product is insoluble in water and can be dispersed in water to thicken, soften and moisturize.
Uses: cosmetics, shoe polish emulsifier, chemical fiber antistatic agent, soft smoothing agent, thickener for liquid detergent, dyeing aid, etc.
(4) Fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether (leveling agent AN)
Performance: This type of surfactant has both nonionic and cationic properties, can be used at various pH, and is manifested as non-ionic (alkaline or neutral solution) or cationic (in acidic solution) properties, with excellent emulsification, corrosion inhibition performance, antifouling effect.
Uses: Mainly used as a dyeing aid in the textile industry. It is also commonly used in the production of rayon, which can not only enhance the strength of the fiber, but also keep the spray hole clean and prevent the deposition of dirt. The use in the petroleum refining industry can inhibit the corrosion of acid gas on metal equipment and improve equipment utilization. In industrial detergents, it can be used as an additive ingredient.
(5) Alkyl alcohol amide polyoxyethane ether
Performance: Alkanolamide itself is a typical nonionic surfactant with excellent foaming, foam stabilization and decontamination capabilities. Only the 1:1 type is less soluble in water. After condensation EO, the washing and decontamination ability of the product is improved, the foaming power of the foam stabilization is strengthened, and the effect of solubilization and thickening is enhanced. Compared with other nonionic surfactants, it is well compatible, not only compatible with various ionic and nonionic surfactants, but also with many inorganic additives. Calcium soap has strong dispersion, biodegradability, mild, non-toxic and low irritation to the skin.
Uses: This is a new type of excellent washing raw materials. Can be used in personal hygiene products, shampoos, hard surface cleaners, hand washware detergents. In other formulations, it is used as a solubilizer for blowing agents, foam stabilizers, fats and ether-based oils.
(6) Block polyoxyethylene - polyoxypropylene ether (PO-EO copolymer)
For this surfactant, several polyether varieties with application value can be listed below to describe their properties and uses.
(1) Propylene glycol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether (demulsifier PE)
Performance: Demulsifier PE is available in multiple models: 2010-2090. With the increase of molecular mass, the appearance changes from liquid to solid, water value or HLB value changes from large to small, cloud point changes from low to high, different properties, different uses, from demulsifiers to emulsifiers, defoamers to detergents There are many varieties.
Uses: The product is mainly used as demulsifier, emulsifier and defoamer. Used in crude oil desalination, dehydration, preparation of various low-foam detergents, used as diffusers, etc. Defoaming in industrial detergents simultaneously decontaminates. Liquid products can be used as degreasing components in the washing of heavy dirt spots.
(2) Glyceryl trioxide polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether (defoamer PPE)
Performance: The product is a slightly yellow transparent liquid, with good defoaming performance and no toxicity. Low molecular weight products have a good wetting effect and can be used as a low-foam washing ingredient. High molecular weight products are used as defoamers, coagulants, etc.
Uses: Can be used as monosodium glutamate and pharmaceutical industry defoamer, can also be used to formulate metalworking cooling lubricant, low foam detergent.
(3) Glyceryl trioxide polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymer (GPE defoamer)
Performance: The difference from PPE is that the EO/PO arrangement is different. Propylene oxide (PO) is the starting block Ethylene oxide (EO) is the end block. At low molecular weights and relatively high EO content, the product is water-soluble and can be used as a low-foam detergent, and has the best wetting properties at low EOs. When the molecular weight is high, it can be used as a defoamer, flocculant, etc.
Uses: Mainly used as a defoamer in the monosodium glutamate and pharmaceutical industries. It can also be used as an industrial detergent with low foam and high alkali resistance. It can also be used as corrosion inhibitor, demulsifier, flocculant, etc.
(4) Ethylenediamine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block type polyether
Performance: Taking ethylenediamine as the starting material, that is, the product of the synthesis of the tetrafunction, PO as the starting stage, EO as the end, the total molar mass of PO at least 500g/mol as the oleophilic group, the relative molecular mass of 550-30000. Among them, EO accounts for 10%-80%.
The EO/PO block copolymer of the tetrafunctional group is alkaline, and it has higher thermal and chemical stability than the products of the bifunctional group. By changing the position and quantity of EO/PO block objects, products with very different properties can be obtained. It can be used as a detergent with strong decontamination and oil removal power, and can also be used as a highly effective defoamer, demulsifier, thickener, etc.
Uses: Can be used with a variety of ionic or non-ionic surfactants to make low-foam detergents, alkali-resistant wetting agents, solubilizers, low-irritating tableware detergents, demulsifiers or emulsifiers.
(5) Polysiloxane polyether copolymer
Performance: A, foam inhibition and defoaming, is a major feature of silicone polyether, can be used as a defoamer, antifoam agent, which is very useful in industrial washing and industrial production. B. Wetting and lubricating effect, which is not available in general surfactants, can be used in products that need to be smooth and moisturizing. C, emulsification and demulsification, in different occasions to choose different structures of products for compounding. D, soft and antistatic effect, which is a detergent and textile industry production are necessary.
Uses: Used in shampoo, bath liquid, hard surface detergent, textile auxiliaries and oil agents and other products.
(7) Alkyl alcohol amide
Alkyl alcohol amides are a large category of nonionic surfactants that have been used for a long time, in variety and quantity. It can be used directly as an industrial detergent, or as a foaming agent, foam stabilizer, rust inhibitor, thickener, and solubilizer in detergents. As listed below, several more typical surfactants of this class.
(1) Coco fatty acid monoethanolamide (1:1 type)
It is solid in appearance, insoluble in water, and can become a transparent liquid when combined with other surfactants. It has foam stabilization, tack, wetting, decontamination and hard water resistance, and the biodegradation rate is as high as 97.3%.
Uses: Can be used in soap powder and washing powder, decontamination, anti-hard water and foam stabilizing effect. In industrial detergents, it can be used as an ingredient for decontamination, wetting, thickening and so on.
(2) Coco fatty acid diethanolamide (type 1:1 and type 1:2)
Performance: Mainly foam stabilization and decontamination. In liquid product formulations it can be thickened. In addition, it also has an anti-rust effect, and can also play a conditioning and softening role in personal hygiene products. 1:2 type products can be used directly as liquid detergent, water-soluble double 1:1 type is good.
Uses: Used as a foam improver in various detergents, it can stabilize foaming and foam. In liquid detergents, it has both a thickening effect and is used as an emulsifier for oily raw materials when making emulsified products. Since the product also has an antistatic conditioning effect, it is suitable for the preparation of washing conditioners for fibers. It can be used in metal detergents to play an anti-rust effect. The 1:2 type can be used directly as a detergent.
(3) High carbon fatty acid diethanolamide
Performance: it has good thickening with liquid detergent; when adding other surfactants that can be solubilized, its compatibility can be improved by compatibility.
Uses: Mainly used as liquid detergent, play a thickening effect, but also can stabilize the foam, unlike ester thickeners have a defoaming effect.
(8) Alkyl polyglucoside (alkyl polyglycoside APG)
Performance: Alkyl polyside is a nonionic surfactant that is similar to glucose esters. Since the alkyl chain length and glucose polymerization degree in the structure can be selected within a certain range, the performance similar to that of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether series products can be obtained.
The main properties of alkyl polysides include: easy biodegradability, good mucosal compatibility, oral toxicity and metabolic effects. It has become the raw material of choice for cosmetics, food and washing industries. Because of its ability to reduce surface and interface tension is very large, but also has a rich, delicate and stable foaming force, strong decontamination, so it is particularly suitable for the preparation of washing products. It is very stable to acid, alkali and salt media, and has good compatibility with various surfactants, and is more suitable for industrial and public facilities detergents. It also has special properties such as bactericidality and increased enzyme activity.
Uses: Mainly used for alkaline, acidic or neutral hard surface detergents, milk bottles, beer bottle cleaners, industrial detergents, personal hygiene detergents, tableware and dairy industrial detergents.
(9) Polyol esters
Performance: Polyol ester surfactants are nonionic surfactants. Because the lipophilic group is very strong, the hydrophilic group is a residual hydroxyl group, so most of these products are insoluble in water or hydrophilic is very poor, mainly used as oil-soluble emulsifier, skin or fiber lubricant. They are mainly used as additives in detergents.
In terms of use, several famous varieties are introduced as follows:
(1) Ethylene glycol monostearate or double stearate, polyethylene glycol double stearate: the stearate of ethylene glycol is made of monoester, or made of diesteride, which is a white to light yellow waxy solid. It has a pearl luster and has a thickening effect, conditioning effect, antistatic effect and defoaming effect on aqueous solution system. Used as an additive in liquid detergents. Esters made of monolithic or diethylene glycol not only retain the original characteristics of glycol esters, but also achieve low-temperature emulsification and better comprehensive performance. Polyethylene glycol esters with high polymerization (relative molecular mass of 6000) are thicker, improve their toning, and can also improve the irritation of the system to the skin.
(2) Propylene glycol monolithic acid ester, propylene glycol alginate: The ester of propylene glycol does not have pearlescent effect, mainly has emulsification effect.
Propylene glycol monostearate is white waxy, has a mild aroma, belongs to the oil-in-water emulsifier, strong lipophilicity, HLB = 3 or so, while strong defoaming. Propylene glycol alginate is a white to light yellow fibrous powder, almost odorless and tasteless, dissolved in water to form a viscous gel-like solution, in the pH of 3 to 4 acidic solution can form a gel, does not produce precipitation. It is highly resistant to salting and does not salt out in concentrated electrolyte solutions. It can be used as a thickener for acidic solutions, strong lipophilic emulsification stabilizer, defoamer, etc.
(3) Glycerol monostearate and bistearate: The fatty acid ester of glycerol is mainly used as an oil-soluble emulsifier, especially in the food processing industry. Because it is non-toxic and tasteless, it is allowed to be used as a food additive. Used as an emulsifier in detergent products.
(4) Sorbitol fatty acid esters: This is a group of products with a long history, wide range of uses and mature technology, and the trade name is Span series. Products mainly include sorbitan monolaurate (Span-20), sorbitan monopalmitate (Span-40), sorbitan monostearate (Span-60), sorbitan monooleate (Span-80). These products are insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents, non-toxic and odorless, HLB value 8.6 ~ 4.3, can be prepared as an emulsification of water in oil.
It is a wide range of emulsifiers, dispersants, thickeners, rust inhibitors. Used as an additive in industrial detergents.
In the Sipan series of products, 20 ethylene oxide products are contracted separately, which becomes the corresponding Twain series. Since (EO)20 improves the hydrophilicity of the product, it can be used as an emulsifier in pairs with the Sipan series to improve the emulsification stability of the emulsion; at the same time, it can also be used as a solubilizer, stabilizer, diffuser, antistatic agent, fiber lubricant, wetting agent, softener. It can also be used as an additive in detergents.
(5) Sucrose fatty acid ester: mainly refers to sucrose monostearate. Fatty acid methyl ester is generally obtained by exchanging it with sucrose in a solvent. The product is non-toxic and odorless, and can be used as a food additive. Used in detergents for low-foam detergent formulations or as an emulsifier.