The Slight Flaw of Bai Bi: Reading the Notes on the Poetry of Zhang Xiaoxiang

"Zhang Xiaoxiang's Chronicle Annotations", Xin Gengru's Annotations, Zhonghua Bookstore, 2016

Brother Chen Yongzheng pointed out in the "Essentials of Poetry Notes": "The main reasons for the difficulty of annotating poetry are threefold: one is that it is rare for commentators, the second is that the classics are difficult to examine, and the third is that the original meaning is difficult to find. "I have great admiration for this language. After reading Mr. Xin Gengru's "Annotations on the Chronicles of Zhang Xiaoxiang's Collection" (Zhonghua Bookstore, 2016), especially the poetry annotations in it, I feel that the quotations are really empirical and unpublished.

Zhang Xiaoxiang's poetry collection, Mr. Xu Peng and Mr. Peng Guozhong have been sorted out, but only proofreading, not annotated. Therefore, Mr. Xin Gengru's annotation of Zhang Shi is the first of its kind, and there is no reliance on it, and its difficulty can be imagined. Fortunately, Mr. Xin is a senior scholar who has been engaged in the annotation of song people's other collections for many years, and has previously published works such as "Notes on The Poetry of Xin Jiaxuan", "Yang Wanli Collection Notes School", "Liu Kezhuang Collection Notes School", and the latter two are giants with hundreds of volumes, and he has already accumulated rich experience in this regard. Zhang Xiaoxiang's poetry collection is only eleven volumes, and Mr. Xin's annotations can be called easy to master. Mr. Xin pointed out in this book "Fan Case": "Poetry is the focus of this note, so the note strives to be detailed, and all the people, things, officials, geography and allusions and sources in the words involved in the title of the poem must be noted. "I think that Mr. Xin has indeed achieved the goal he has set, and his annotations to Zhang Xiaoxiang's poems, especially the allusions and words in them, do have the merit of the blue wisps of the road. To give two examples to confirm: "Summer Rain and Zhang Wenbo Tong deng Zen Zhi Temple": "The old fire tomb is young and golden, gathered for three days of heat." Notes on Wang Anshi's "Rising from illness" "The young gold is new and cool, and the old fire is muddy", and also quotes Sima Guang's "Feng Tong He Jichuan Greeting Officials Who Have Not Arrived in the Autumn and Summer Fang Drama presents the same house" "The young gold avoids the old fire, and the summer is particularly arrogant." Wang Anshi is a song poet, and Sima Guang is not famous for his poems, so it is not easy to quote both of them in this note. "Rhyme with Shaoyang Li Shou's second son with Dongpo", this poem is untitled, and it is not clear that "with Dongpo rhyme" refers to He poem, note: "The right poem uses rhyme step Su Shi's poem "Tengzhou River Rises at Night to give Shao Daoist to shao Daoist". "There are more than 2300 Su poems, and this one is not a famous Su poem, if it were not for Mr. Xin's belly and special wealth, it would be extremely expensive to search and inspect." Such advantages are fairly common, and this note proves to be a good fit.

However, the wise man may have a mistake, although Zhang Shixin's annotation is called Bai Bi, there are still slight flaws, and he would like to list what he has seen in reading below for Mr. Xin's reference and to ask the majority of readers for help. First of all, there are still omissions, such as "The Lingbi Stone Obtained by Tang QingLushan of fu wang": "Lost in joy and afraid and dazed. There is no note to this sentence. According to the word "lost joy", it first appeared in the "lost joy first in the mirror" of Shen Qi's "Cow Girl", and it reappeared in Du Fu's "Long Journey" of "Lost Joy Asks Jinghua", it seems that it should be noted. "Xie Liu Gong Father's Gift of the Moonlight True Stone Room": "Who left me a double jade bottle." There is no note to this sentence. According to Zhang Heng's "Four Sorrowful Poems" Yun: "The beauty gave me a golden lang, how to repay the double jade plate." This poetic syntax is the same, and it seems that it should be annotated. "He Zhongmi Sex Smoke Fei Jia Sentence and Jian Yi Che": "There must be a fisherman's house in Xiyan. There is no note to this sentence. According to Liu Zongyuan's "Fisherman" cloud "Fisherman Night West Rock Lodge", Zhang Shi seems to be annotated. "Title Mr. Xuanying Temple": "The temple is also empty mountain." There is no note to this sentence. According to Du Fu's "Wuhou Temple" cloud "Relic Temple Danqinghe, empty mountains and grass long." Zhang Shi therefore seems to be annotated. "Recommending Fu Guan He Qing Bijian Poems on the Second Rhyme": "Yan Shi Du Ji Ji Is the same editor. This sentence has no notes, in fact, the meaning of the sentence is derived from the "Yan Poetry Compilation Du Collection" of the second part of Su's poem "Qiting Five Songs". The "one bell on the tower" in the "Three Pagoda Temples", this sentence is unnotated, in fact, it is derived from the "one bell on the tower alone" of su's poem "Two Days of The Wind Stays on the Golden Mountain". "East Slope": "Dark Well Frog into a part." Quoting the "Southern Qi Book of Kong Zhijue Biography" in which Kong Zhijue "preached in two parts" with the sound of frogs, it is very accurate to note the last three words of this sentence. In fact, the word "dark well" comes from the second part of Su Shi's poem "Eight Songs of Dongpo": "The house servant burns the dry grass and reports the dark well." "Should also be noted. "Narcissus": "Pure color should only be used by virgins, and the national incense should not fall into the people's homes today." "No note here. According to Huang Tingjian's "Two Songs of Jade Daffodils in the Second Rhyme": "Unfortunately, the national incense does not care, and it is lost to the small people's homes." Ren Yuan's annotation and citation of a passage of this poem in gao he's "Preface to the Poetry of guoxiang" by the valley disciple, if this annotation can be quoted, it should help the reader understand the poetry. Although some Zhang poems are not directly affected by the previous herringbs, they have imitated some poetic conceptions, such as "The Fourth day of the Moon to the Nanling Tomb, Heavy Rain, and the Polder by the River. Entering the Poyang Realm, Yamada was sick with no rain. Occasionally written into a chapter, presenting the king turtle age:" Polder rain and water pat, Yamada changed to turtle zhao demolition." Two kinds of farming are generally bitter, one prays for sunny and the other prays for rain. Xin Zhu did not say that there was a substance, in fact, Su Shi's "Sizhou SanghaTa" can be quoted as a note: "Ploughing the field wants rain and wants to be sunny, and those who go with the wind complain." If everyone is to pray, creation should change with each passing day. Although the purpose of the two poems is different, Zhang Xiaoxiang's ideas are mostly inspired by Su Shi, and it is not without merit to note this.

Secondly, there are still misnotes, such as "Jinshadui": "Pharmacy Guidong Zhongtiankai." Note: "Pharmacy Guidong, should be 'Huifang Guidong'." The Book of Chen and the Later Lords of the Book: '(Zhi De 3) November Ji Wei, Edict: Present Ya Dao Yong Xi, by Gengde. Broken piano, scattered and not chased. Read the book, there is no reason. The ceremony can be detailed outside, and the old temple was rebuilt. Hui Fang Gui Dong, Xian Makes Only New. Fang Xuan is clean and clean, and the time is good. This commentary quotes the scriptures and looks like a fine judge. In fact, "Pharmacy Guidong" is not wrong, and it cannot be changed arbitrarily. "Chu Ci Jiu Ge Xiang Lady" Yun "Gui Dong Xi Lan Qi, Xin Yi Lin Xi Pharmacy", that is, the text of this poem. This poem is a golden sand pile in dongting lake, there is a temple on the island, Zhang Xiaoxiang also has a poem titled "Jinshadui temple has a loyal and clean marquis, Qu Dafu also, the sense of the fu poem", since it is related to Qu Yuan, then the use of Chu ci Chinese is the meaning of the title of this poem. Another example is "Zhang Qinfu's bamboo shoots are very good, secretly his recipe is not to show people, and he plays this poem": "Let the king eat bamboo shoots, and the bamboo shoots taste better than meat." The secret method is not passed on, and the private servants are closed to the door. Jun did not see the Jingu gourmet Ben Pingyi, and Haoshi really became obsessed with this. But ling changshu gave gifts every day, and did not dare to ask the king to go down. Xin zhuaned the cloud in the fifth sentence: "Jingu, Jinshi Chongbeiguan." Book of Jin, vol. 33, "Shi Chongchuan": "Rich in property, magnificent in the room, hundreds of back rooms, all dragging embroidery, Erjin Cui, silk and bamboo at that time, and the treasures of poor water and land." He was extravagant with the nobles Wang Kai and the disciples of Yang Xuan. ...... Chongwei guests make bean porridge, and do it aggressively. Every winter, you get leeks. The "Book of Jin" quoted here is good, but unfortunately the following sentences are omitted: "Kai everything is hated by these three things, but the secret goods are under the account, and ask why." Answer: "The beans are difficult to cook, yu is cooked, and the guests come but make white porridge to throw their ears." Leeks are mashed leek roots mixed with wheat ear ears. In this way, the allusions used in the whole poem are complete: Shi Chong, in order to fight for wealth, made fake leeks in winter to defeat Wang Kai. Wang Kai bribed Shi Chong's domestic servants to learn his secret method. Zhang Xiaoxiang used this classic to play the friend who was good at making bamboo shoots but secretly told himself that as long as he sent someone to give gifts every day, he would not ask for the secret recipe from the other party's domestic servants. In this way, the last sentence of "under the tent" has a cloud, and the whole poem's will is suddenly enlightened. Another example is "And Liu Guozheng is looking for female yellow": "Liu Lang's furniture is less than the car, and only the poetry bag is not tired of the canal." Beggars and Dan lead will be used at the bottom, pointing out the secretary of the belly in the middle of the line. The last sentence quotes Han Yu's "Autumn Huai": "It is better to look at the text, Dan lead things to investigate." However, there are still three words of "secretary" that are not annotated, and it seems that the "Sui and Tang Jia Dialect" volume should be added: "Emperor Taizong tried to travel, and there was a division to please carry a supplementary book to follow, and the above said: 'No need.'" Yu Shinan was there, and the secretary of the trip was also. The "Secretary Province" was the administrative organ of the Tang Dynasty, which was in charge of the scriptures. The so-called "secretary" means "walking book classics". Zhang Shi means that Liu Lang's abdomen has ten thousand volumes, which is a walking book, so it is necessary to dan lead to investigate the matter. The three words "secretary" are the key to this poem, and it is especially necessary to annotate, otherwise the poet's praise for the other party's main theme will be hidden. Another example is the fifth part of "Heru'an": "The Taoist is blessed with natural lamps, and the light at the bottom of the pen rises night and night." The poems into ten hands are not for writing, and the chiseled teeth dare to be against the monks of the Heavenly Heavens. Note: "Chiseled teeth, Book of Han, vol. 87, "Yang Xiong's Biography": 'Master Yue: In the past, there was a strong Qin, and the fengfeng beat the soldiers, and the people of the chiseled teeth fought with the moya. Note: 'The claws of the tigers, claws eat people. Chiseled teeth, five feet long, like chisels, also cannibalistic. 'Mi Tian Monk, Rao Jie's poem "Waiting for No Foolishness to Enter the Mountain": "Drinking the spring and boiling tea soup is exhausted, and the people of the Mi Tian Dao are still in the future." This note does not have the gist of the "chiseled teeth", and the person who talks about the "Medaya monk" is not its original source. In fact, "chiseled teeth" means that the Jin people practice chiseling teeth, and "Mitian monk" is the Jin monk Shi Dao'an, "Jin Shu Xi ChiselEd Tooth Biography": "Sometimes there is Sangmen Shi Dao'an, and there are high talents in Junjie, from the north to Jingzhou, meet with chiseled teeth." Dao'an said: 'Mitianshi Dao'an. 'Chisel teeth:' The four seas practice chiseling teeth. People think it's right. Zhang Xiaoxiang used this story to express his self-effacing meaning to the monk Ru'an, and if Yi Xin notes, the last sentence is completely incomprehensible.

Adding another example to see the difficulty of annotation can also be used as evidence of Chen Yongzheng's point of view. Zhang Shi 'Lingui Ling to recommend the dynasty, put wine to summon guests, play twenty-eight characters, dispatch six to engage in Zuozhi, Lady Shouqi": "Yi Yi newly accepted the book of recommenders. Xin Notes: "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, vol. 81, "The Biography of Pang Shan": 'In the Imperial History of the Hui Dynasty, Fan Zhunshang recommended the ginseng, and it is said: The subject hears that the birds are tired of birds, and it is not as good as a bird. (Here "volume 81" is a mistake of "volume 51") There may be readers like me, who at first reading that this note is wrong, because "the birds are tired, it is better than a bird" is a famous sentence in Kong Rong's "Table of Recommended You" at the end of the Han Dynasty, and the entry "Bird Recommendation" in the Chinese Dictionary is used as documentary evidence. However, an examination of the ages of the two found that the former was in the first year of the Yongchu period of the Han Dynasty (107), and the latter was in the first year of the Han Xiandi Jian'an (196), of course, Fan Zhun said first. So does the note point to the original source? Not really. Searching for literature, the Western Han Dynasty Zou Yang's "Book of the King of Shangwu" already has this language, word for word. It occurred in the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Wen of Han (157 BC), even earlier than Fan Zhun. Interestingly, both Zou and Fan claimed to be "a hundred birds and birds", which shows that they are also quoting ancient sayings. Moreover, Li Shan's annotation to the "Table of Recommendations for You and Balance" contained in the Anthology of Literature: "The Records of History: 'Zhao Jian Zi Yue: The birds are tired of hundreds, not as good as a bird. Looking at this edition of the "History of the Zhao Family", I saw that "the skin of a thousand sheep is not as good as the armpit of a fox" and did not see this phrase. But Li Shan was known as the "Book", and he must have some basis, so these two sentences had already been produced in the pre-Qin Dynasty. It can be seen that it is not easy to accurately note the first-hand provenance of allusions, because the phenomenon of reciprocal paraphrasing and Chen Chen xiangyin was very common in ancient times. Therefore, I would like to express my heartfelt respect to Mr. Xin Gengru and other scholars who have been engaged in the annotation of ancient poems for many years, and their hard work has provided us with a lot of convenience for reading ancient poems.

Mo Lifeng is a professor in the Department of Chinese of Nanjing University