Dansati Temple
The Age of Sects in Tibet, Chapter 15:
In the previous part, "The Glory and Loneliness of Pramjupa 02: Involuntary Political Correctness", it is said that after Paju Kagyu was given to Hulagu, he was fortunate to escape the dispute between Kublai Khan and Ali Buge for the Khanship. Because of Hulagu, Pak chu wanhu not only expanded the area of the jurisdiction, but also became a relatively independent political group.
However, Hulagu's first head of households was limited in ability and was directly deposed by the central government because of his inability to settle internal disputes.
Fortunately, after a brief period of chaos, the Paju regime ushered in a wise leader, Dorjebe.
Although Dorjebe was from the Lang family, he was not from the Paju Lang clan, but from the Kham district. [1]
In his youth, Dorjebe served for a long time at the side of Padukyingo (Zaba Zunchai), served as a tea attendant, and once served as a shepherd chief who managed animal husbandry.
Regardless of his position, Dorjebe handled the government affairs in an orderly manner, which was deeply favored by Pazhu Jingru, and sent him to Dadu three times to meet Kublai Khan and Ba Siba.
The Pak Tooku households under the management of DorjeBe ushered in the first period of rise.
He was clean and self-sufficient, always wearing monk's robes and hats, not coveting wine, not collecting money, and living in poverty. Under his leadership, the Paju regime was a new one.
The "Lang Family History" records that "no matter how honorable the lay officials are, they are only equipped with a horse, a long knife, and a big funky one, in addition, the incumbent officials have nothing to deserve, and those who do not take in other materials are the best lay officials." ”
In terms of governance, he redivided the lands under pa zhu and "established twelve clans (estates) under the direct jurisdiction of Haragang, Natso, Kazijugu, Tangboji's Linmai, Choanka, Menka Tashidong, Jiatang, Chundui Zhaka, Sangri Po Zhanggang, and Kato Chagaduo, headed by Naitung." ”
As the grassroots management institutions in the rural areas of Tibet, most of the cards have a lower management level than the "zong" (county) and belong to the nerve endings of the management system.
Dorjebe's first division of TheA in the Uighur-Tibet region actually extended the management tentacles downwards, enhancing the regime's ability to control it. It is a bit like chairman Chiang Kai-shek's land reform in Taiwan, which promoted the "party department built on the village."
As a small agricultural and animal husbandry group, the operation mode of Zika is relatively independent, the internal land, agricultural tools, livestock and other means of production are distributed by the manor owners, and the slaves involved in production are more likely to establish personal feelings with the manor owners, which is also conducive to the labor enthusiasm of the serfs.
After the implementation of this system, the labor productivity in the areas controlled by the Paju regime increased rapidly, and the financial resources of the regime were also rapidly accumulated.
Although Dorjebe's ability is extraordinary, it is also able to change the internal operation process of Pazhu, and the general situation in the Weizang area is not under his control at all.
During his reign, the Paju forces suffered a heavy blow, such as the day-to-day Sakya Benchin (Sakya archon) taking advantage of the opportunity of The Ba si pa to divide 130,000 households, poisoning the Pazhu chief Nan Sabahhi and forcibly seizing the Ali region under paju.
The Pa Zhu faction was angry about this and reported a letter of complaint to Kublai Khan's desk in Dadu, but the unshakable position of Basipa in Kublai Khan's heart was unmatched by anyone, and DorjeBe, the head of the ten thousand households, could only grit his teeth and swallow the resentment.
Old photo of Dansati Temple
Externally, it is difficult to shake the strong position of the Sakya sect, and internally, there are frequent hidden worries, and there are no less open guns and dark arrows.
As a member of the Kang District Lang clan, Dorje Bebe is still one layer behind the Pa Zhu Lang clan.
Especially after he became the head of ten thousand households, his nephews continued to move from Kham District and gradually developed into a prominent aristocratic group.
However, between the Lang clans in two different regions, conflicts broke out many times over the selection of the head of the ten thousand households, and the head of the Pazhu ten thousand households also wandered between the two groups.
This rift within the family gave the Sakyas the opportunity to divide and conquer.
As the ruler of Tibet, the rapid rise of the power of the Paju sect has made the Sakya sect feel like a man, even if there is no gap within the Pazhu sect, it must find a way to do something out, not to mention that there is an irreconcilable power struggle itself.
As a result, the powerful Sakya sect constantly changed its support for one side, supporting the weak and the strong, in order to achieve the goal of losing both.
It should also be the bad luck of the Pa Zhu Sect, and the tens of thousands of household chiefs after DorjeBe are all goods that cannot be pasted on the wall. They came to power by virtue of Dorjebe's kinship, not only were they not good at management, most of them were addicted to alcohol, and even their IQ was frequently in arrears.
So that it appeared, and the head of the ten thousand households (Daiqu Xuannu) and the wives of the subordinate officials fooled around and were caught raping in bed. The official with the green hat was furious and directly took a knife and chopped him.
At that time, Pazhujing Ozarba Rinchen could not bear to see the incompetence of the head of the Ten Thousand Households (Xuannu Yundan), and wrote to the Yuan Emperor to ask for his removal. The Yuan Dynasty then appointed him concurrently, the first time in the history of the Pazhu regime, a leader who combined Jingru and Wanhu, known as "Raben" (a combination of lamas and officials).
After Zaba Rinchen (1250-1310) became the eighth head of the ten thousand households, he finally stopped the decline of the Pak Rinchen households.
In 1290 AD, the "Zhigong Monastery Revolution" (Zhigong Linluo) occurred in Tibet, and the Zhigong sect did not hesitate to introduce the army of the Western Mongolian Khanate into Tibet in order to challenge the Sakya sect. Kublai Khan, who had been touched by the scales, gave a tough counterattack, and at the request of Sakya Benchin, Timur did not spend time leading an army into Tibet to suppress the rebellion.
(For details, see "The Blinding Time of the Sakya Sect: The Change of the Temple of The Tribute That Killed More Than 10,000 People")
The ruined Dansati Temple
In this military disaster that shook all of Tibet, the Ancestral Temple of the Zhigong Sect was completely burned down, tens of thousands of monks were killed, and the Pazhu Sect, which had a good relationship with the Zhigong Sect, was also hit hard.
Although Sakya Benchin (Agalun) was burned by hand, and the idea of the Paju Kagyuzu Monastery did not succeed, he took away many of the Pakyuk sect's possessions with the help of the Mongol army.
After the "change of the Zhigong Temple", the Sakya was in the limelight in Tibet for a while, and the people under the low eaves could only pinch their noses and bow their heads. In the face of opposition from within the church, Zaba Rinchen spent a lot of money from the Mongol generals and Sakya Benchin to redeem the lost territories one by one, preserving the necessary territorial foundation for future rise.
Subsequently, in order to find out the losses caused by the war, he checked the household registration in the territory, set up the "Juguoer" household system (the subordinates were managed in ten households) and reorganized and adjusted the regulations. Under the measures of his administration, the Pa Zhu regime, which was devastated by the war, quickly stabilized its economic base.
Although Zhaba Rinchen was wise and decisive and had a good view of the overall situation, the successor he chose was embarrassed, and the two nephews of Pazhu Jing'e and Wanhuchang respectively were faint-hearted, and the Pazhu regime once again fell into the dark years after Zhaba Rinchen's brief rise.
Being punched in the face every day is that you have no taste for the head of ten thousand households. In just a few years, the Pazhu sect has replaced two thousand households in a row.
Gyaltsen Gabu became the eleventh head of the ten thousand households of Pak Chu, the son of Xuannu Yundan, and the position of head of the ten thousand households returned to the hands of DorjeBe's relatives.
But this new head of ten thousand households is not as good as the brothers in front of him.
Not only did he faint, he was addicted to the things in the cup and could not extricate himself, he had no money to spend it, and he had to pay taxes to the monks.
Introduced from Buddhism to Tibet, there was never a tax payment, and as far back as the Tubo Dynasty, monks and monasteries were not only exempt from taxation, but also specially designated dependents.
Gyaltsen Gyalpo actually had to tax the monks, a kind of evil that had never been done before, which was a personal insult to the monks, and they left the PakZhu territory in droves, saying that the grandfather would not play with you.
The record of the Tibetan Kings and Subjects is very vivid, and Gyaltsen Gab "operated as fiercely as a tiger, and looked back at two hundred and five", stirring up the Pazhu regime into a miasma.
If it is only the poor ability to govern, it does not matter, after all, the level of the first two ten thousand household chiefs is not bad.
But he also has a higher level of pursuit, that is, to perfectly inherit his father's life style problems and continue to carry it forward.
His father, Xuannu Yundan, was chopped up by an official with a green hat because he was fooling around with his subordinate's wife.
Gyaltsen Gabu fully learned the lesson of his father's failure, not only taking his subordinate's wife, but also killing her husband to avoid the consequences.
The official named Bejie, who was unjustly killed for no reason, and his family kept filing complaints, and the officials of Pazhu knew the reason, and no one dared to take the case. Eventually, the lawsuit was appealed to Sakya Benchin.
Sakya Benchin was worried that he would not have a chance to get a chance to get the bamboo, and immediately reported the case to the Mongolian magistrate. In Tibet, the Mongol governors were somewhat similar to the Chincha ministers, who were above all sectarian regimes and belonged to walking with the sword of Shangfang.
He didn't care if he was the leader of Pakzhu or not, and he immediately dismissed Gyaltsen Gab as head of the ten thousand households.
After getting rid of the faint and problematic Gyaltsen Gabu, the dying Pazhu sect has reached the edge of the cliff.
At this critical moment, the position of leader of Pa zhu was handed over to the Great Situ. In the hands of Dzogchen Gyaltsen.
This unborn hero in Tibetan history single-handedly entrusted the Pajuk regime to the clouds, and under his leadership, the Sakya regime was overthrown to the ground, and the glorious years belonging to Pamuzhupa officially arrived.
bibliography:
[1] [4], "Lang Family History" __ Great Situ Daiqu Gyaltsen;
[2] Collected History of The Han and Tibetans__Dacang Tsongpa. Ban Kyaw Sambu. Translated by Chen Qingying;
[3], General History of Tibet __Chen Qingying;
[5] Records of the Tibetan Kings and Subjects, written by the Fifth Dalai Lama and translated by Guo Heqing;
Explain the historical details in detail, clarify the context, and look at Chinese history from different perspectives!
Welcome to the "Tibetan Reading Line of white hair coats!" ”