Modern Chinese
1. The semantic categories of adverbs can be roughly divided into ( ) and ( ) two categories, the former is used to express time, place, degree, negation, mode, means, end, scope, object, quantity, tone, etc., and the latter is to describe or describe the action situation from the aspect of nature and state.
[Answer] Restrictive descriptive
【Analysis】The semantic categories of adjectives can be roughly divided into two categories: restrictive and descriptive. Restrictive adverbs are used to indicate time, place, degree, negation, manner, means, ends, scope, objects, quantities, tone, etc., and have been given examples when talking about adverbs and prepositions. Descriptive traits are described or described from the nature and state of the action situation, in the grammatical structure is also a modified predicate component, in the semantic direction of some is to describe the action state, pointing to the predicate component, some are describing the mood of the actor, pointing to the noun component, that is, the grammatical structure relationship and semantic relationship are not consistent.
【Source】Huang Liao's edition of Modern Chinese is updated in six editions, the next volume P70.
2. Prepositional phrases consisting of "about" as adjectives can only appear in ( ). The adjective called ( ) placed before the subject modifies the subject-verb phrase or a few clauses.
【Answer】The beginning of the sentence
[Analysis] Adjectives are generally placed after the subject, and some adjectives that represent time, place, scope, mood, conditions, objects of concern or tone can sometimes appear in front of the subject, and prepositional phrases composed of "about" can only appear at the beginning of the sentence. The adjective placed before the subject is called the adjective, which modifies the subject verb phrase or several clauses.
【Source】Huang Liao's edition of Modern Chinese is updated in six editions, the next volume P71.
3. Judgment question: The auxiliary word "place" is the written sign of the adjective. The situation of adding "ground" after the adjective is complicated. Monosyllabic adverbs are generally not added, and some two-syllable adverbs can be added without "ground".
Answer: Yes
【Analysis】The auxiliary word "place" is a written sign of the adjective. The situation of adding "ground" after the adjective is complicated. Monosyllabic adverbs are generally not added, and some two-syllable adverbs can be added without "ground", such as "very hot very geothermal". Monosyllabic adjectives are relatively few, and most of them cannot add "ground", for example, they can only say "fast running, jogging, hard work, hard work".
4. Judgment questions: A considerable part of the polysyllabic adjective adjectives can be added without "ground", such as "drink a cup of pain and pleasure / drink a cup of pain and pleasure"; there are also a few that cannot be added, such as "affirmation" in "do not study hard, you must fall behind"; there are also a few that must be added, such as "skiing a boat lightly, asking long questions and short questions affectionately, and walking away in surprise".
[Analysis] A considerable part of the multisyllabic adjectives (adverbs) can be added or not ("ground"), such as "heated discussion/heated discussion", "careful reading for half a day/careful reading for half a day", "drinking a cup painfully and happily/drinking a cup happily"; there are also a few that cannot be added, such as "affirmation" in "if you don't study hard, you must fall behind"; there are also a few that must be added, such as "skiing a boat lightly, asking long questions and short questions affectionately, and walking in surprise".
5. Judgment questions: pronouns, nouns indicating time or places, willing verbs, orientation phrases and prepositional phrases as adverbials, without the word "earth".
【Analysis】 As for pronouns, nouns indicating time or places, willing verbs, azimuth phrases, and prepositional phrases, the word "ground" is not added. Those that can be added or not added, added, often have an emphasis meaning, intended to highlight the adjective.
Cultural Essentials
1. There are "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens" and "Paradise on Earth" and other good names are ( ), it includes ( ), ( ), ( ) three gardens.
【Answer】Yuanmingyuan Yuanmingyuan Changchun Garden Wanchun Garden
【Analysis】The famous royal gardens in history are the "Yuanmingyuan", including the Three Gardens of the Yuanmingyuan, Changchun Garden and Wanchun Garden, covering an area of more than 5,200 mu, which was built during the Kangxi and Qianlong dynasties of the Qing Dynasty. The garden brings together the characteristics of the gardens in Jiangnan at that time, sets the essence of China's ancient gardening art, and builds more than 140 scenic spots, with the reputation of "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens" and "Paradise on Earth", but it was unfortunately destroyed by the hands of the British and French coalition forces and the Eight-Nation Alliance.
【Source】Cheng Yuzhen's "Outline of Chinese Culture", the fourth edition of P270.
2. The "Four Famous Gardens of Suzhou" are ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ).
【Answer】 Canglang Pavilion Lion Forest Humble Administrator's Garden Lingering Garden
【Analysis】From Suzhou to the end of the Qing Dynasty, there are more than 200 large and small gardens that can be recorded and checked, so it is called "Garden City". Among them, "Canglang Pavilion", "Lion Forest", "Humble Administrator's Garden" and "Lingering Garden" are the most prestigious, collectively known as the "Four Famous Gardens of Suzhou".
3. The "( ) of Shanghai was built by the Ming Dynasty bureaucrat Pan Yunduan for his father, and is known as the "Crown of the Southeast Famous Garden".
【Answer】 Yu Garden
【Analysis】The "Yu Garden" in Shanghai was built by the Ming Dynasty bureaucrat Pan Yunduan for his father, known as the "Crown of the Southeast Famous Garden", which has a history of more than 400 years.
4. Dongguan "( )", Panyu "( )", Shunde "( )" and Foshan "( )" are collectively known as the "Four Famous Gardens of Guangdong" in the Qing Dynasty.
【Answer】Keyuan Yuyin Mountain House Qinghui Garden LiangYuan
【Analysis】There are also many private residential gardens in Guangdong, among which Dongguan "Keyuan", Panyu "Yuyin Mountain House", Shunde "Qinghui Garden" and Foshan "Liang Garden" are collectively known as the "Four Famous Gardens of Guangdong" in the Qing Dynasty.
【Source】Cheng Yuzhen's "Outline of Chinese Culture", fourth edition P270-271.
5. The owner of the spoon garden, Mi Wanzhong and ( ) are collectively called "Nandong Bei Mi", and ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ) ) ) ) is called "Mi Jia Si Qi" (米家四奇). ”
【Answer】Dong Qichang Garden Lamp Stone Boy / Mi Jia Jia Jia Mi Jia Lamp Mi Jia Tong
【Analysis】The former site of Spoon Garden is in the campus of today's Peking University. In the western suburbs of Beijing in the Ming Dynasty, there were many private house gardens of princes and nobles, and the Mi's Spoon Garden was the first. The owner of the garden, Mi Wanzhong, was proficient in stone carving and chess, and was a jinshi in the twenty-third year of the Wanli Calendar (1595), who served as the "Secretary of the Taibu Temple". His artistic attainments are very deep, and he and Dong Qichang are collectively known as "South Dong Bei Mi". His superb artistic attainments determined that the spoon garden he designed was extraordinary. Spoon Garden covers an area of 100 acres, and the garden gate is titled "Wind and Smoke". The garden is dominated by water, with lotus plants in the water, bridges on the water, bamboo planting at the water's edge, pavilions and pavilions, and various strange stones in between. Mi's love of stones into a habit, where there are strange stones will be purchased at a high price, self-proclaimed "friendly stone", accumulated a lot of strange stones in his life, known as "Mi Jia Shi"; he often invited literati bachelors to enter the garden to enjoy, poetry and painting, in order to show his garden scenery, he painted the landscape in the garden into a colorful lamp, hung in the garden, known as "Mi Jia Lantern"; he taught his son to be generous, and his son was also quite outstanding, and the poetry, books, and paintings were named "Mi Jia Tong". Therefore, at that time, his garden, lamp, stone, and child were called "MiJia Siqi", and the spoon garden was the concentrated expression of the four qi.
【Source】Cheng Yuzhen's "Outline of Chinese Culture", the fourth edition of P271.
Introduction to Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language
1. ( ) refers to putting oneself in the shoes of others to understand the thoughts and feelings of others, which is a necessary condition for people to communicate with each other, eliminate barriers, and achieve harmonious coexistence in human interactions. ( ) is the main means of attaining it.
[Answer] Empathy Language
【Analysis】 Empathy refers to putting oneself in the shoes of others to understand the thoughts and feelings of others. This is a necessary condition for people to communicate with each other, eliminate barriers, and achieve harmonious coexistence. Language is the main means to achieve empathy, in the process of language communication, both sides must constantly make assumptions, figuring out the meaning of the information entered from the other party and what information will be entered, and always speculating whether the information they output is understood by the other party. Making assumptions and judgments is inseparable from empathy.
【Source】Liu Xun, Introduction to the Pedagogy of Chinese as a Foreign Language, P224.
2. The social environment consists of ( ) and ( ) two aspects, of which the former in turn includes ( ) and ( ), especially in the society widely used living ( ) is the most important language environment; the latter includes the material civilization, interpersonal communication, customs, cultural and historical traditions and all that is created ( ) of the target language society.
【Answer】 Language Environment Humanistic Environment Visual Environment Auditory Environment Target Language Speaking Spiritual Civilization
【Analysis】 The social environment includes two aspects: the language environment and the human environment, of which the language environment includes the visual environment such as newspapers, magazines, books, computers, advertisements and various signs, etc. and the auditory (or audio-visual combination) environment such as radio, television, movies, dramas, videos, audio tapes, etc., especially in the society widely used in the vivid target language Spoken language is the most important language environment. The language environment provides learners with natural, vivid, colorful, and endless language resources for language input and learning to imitate. The human environment includes the material civilization, interpersonal communication, customs, cultural and historical traditions, and all the spiritual civilizations created by the target language society. In addition to providing learners with the social context of naturally acquiring the target language and related cultural factors, the human environment also provides real-life activity scenarios for communicating and obtaining feedback using the target language.
【Source】Liu Xun, Introduction to Pedagogy of Chinese as a Foreign Language, P227-228.