Wu Daxin
Zhou Zuoren said that shaoxing people don't seem to like the name "Shaoxing", even Lu Xun, "people ask him where he is from, and the answer is Zhejiang." The reason behind it, "The first is not quaint enough. Yu Yue has been in the Qin and Han dynasties since the third generation, and hui ji is also in the Qin and Han dynasties. The name Shaoxing was only in the Southern Song Dynasty. The second is that the well-off king Nandu stole security, but used the auspicious literal as the era name and changed the place name in vain, which is a very ridiculous thing. The third is..."
In my opinion, the name "Shaoxing" and the origin of the house from which it was named are somewhat falsely rumored, and they have been falsely rumored for eight hundred and ninety years. Lu Fangweng has a poetry cloud: "Zhenguan Kaiyuan is far away, for the jun try to say Shaoxing chu." "Let's borrow it from this test.
1. Standing in the auditory meeting
Naturally, things should start with The Auditor of Emperor Gaozong of Song.
Jianyan Nandu, Song Gaozong finally settled in Huiji, according to the "Song History gaozong ji", from Kaifeng, through Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Suzhou, through Hangzhou and crossed the Qiantang River to Yuezhou. As soon as he set foot on the border of Yuezhou, Emperor Gaozong of Song met a blessed man named Zhao Bushi. Not to fade, is to "prosper". Zhao is not fading, is it not "Zhao Xing"? Wang Mingqing's "Writing the Remaining Words of the Waves" contains:
Shang Daxi, Gu Left and Right said: "If the sign is like this, I have no worries." "The edict does not fade into the third rank.
Emperor Gaozong settled in HuijiCheng on October 17, 1129, the third year of Jianyan. Zhao Zhuo was twenty-three years old and Lu You was five years old. The day song Gaozong arrived was Lu You's birthday. Emperor Gaozong's edict:
In the king's house, is the husband willing to hunt far away? The Emperor will repent of the invasion. But my two or three ministers, and the multitude of fu yizhao, are in urgent need of foreign insults and assist ZTE!
According to the "Chicken Rib Compilation" and a recital by Zhao Ding, a famous minister of Nandu, Song Gaozong came to Yuezhou wearing straw shoes and dressed in military uniforms. Obviously, The Song court retired to the meeting, "only my two or three ministers", which was already like a gossamer. However, the People of Stys welcomed the fallen emperor warmly. Lu You remembered this deeply: "When the minister was young, he saw the people reciting the edict, and as for weeping. ”
The prudent decision made in Pingjiang Province last month was made by the Suzhou people for a while. The reason why Huijian chose Huijian is nothing more than three reasons: First, Huiji is a water town Zeguo, and there are two natural dangers of the Yangtze River and Qiantang River, the so-called "heavy river separation", the Jinguo cavalry no longer has an advantage. Second, Hui Ji is the hometown of revenge and shame, and the story of the Yue King's practice of humble words and generous gifts, lying down and tasting courage, has become the only spiritual support for Zhao Zhao's monarchs at this time. This trace of his heart can be seen in a poem written in Hangzhou before his arrival, which is slightly cloudy: "Climb the hall and look at the mountain, and cherish Xia Yuqin." Willing to practice with yue, Jiao Si first my body. Difficult obedience, sages have flexion and extension. Third, Zhao Shuo's mother was a Huijian person, so Huiji was Gaozong's "grandmother's family", and naturally had a sense of belonging. This is not a nonsense, the Southern Song Dynasty celebrity Zhou Bida disclosed the lineage of Empress Wei (Empress Xianren) in the "Records of Siling": "Xianren would have been an auditor. ”
Therefore, as the base camp of the anti-Jin restoration, it was not expedient at the beginning. However, after staying for forty-four days, the Jin soldiers "searched the mountains and inspected the sea to catch Zhao Zhao", and Emperor Gaozong was forced to evacuate Huiji. Before leaving, Lü Zaixiang ordered that "every official should go away from the post", and Zhao Zhuo was furious: "When a scholar and a doctor know righteousness, how can he not obey?" If so, then it is the same as the ear of the thief. But to no avail, the small imperial court began to disperse, and li Zhengmin, a zhongshu she, accompanied by Li Zhengmin, wrote: "Lang Guan below, or those who stay in Yue, or those who return from the path, are many." ”
Along the Zhejiang East Canal, Zhao And his party passed all the way through Shanyin - Huiji - Yuyao - Mingzhou City (present-day Ningbo) - Dinghai (present-day Zhenhai) - Changguo (present-day Zhoushan) - Taizhou Zhang'an Town - Wenzhou City. Until it drifted out of the East China Sea for three hundred miles, the Jin soldiers had no choice but to retreat. Back and forth, Emperor Gaozong gradually stayed in Mingzhou for about sixty-five days, Zhoushan for about seven days, Wenzhou for about fifty days, and Taizhou for about half a month. This stormy period is the darkest period of Song Gaozong's life, and looking back, it looks like an inspirational film of "The Fall of the Well-off King of Zhejiang and Eastern Zhejiang".
After nearly four and a half months of this tossing and turning, Emperor Gaozong returned to Huiji, and all the peaks turned around. Wang Mingqing's "Waving and Recording The Rest of the Words" Yun: "Although the line is wading through the sea and going back and forth, the world has been greatly determined since then." "First, the Jin soldiers withdrew north, and never crossed the south of the Yangtze River again. Second, Empress Meng, who had separated from Jiankang in the south and retreated in the direction of Hongzhou (present-day Nanchang), finally met her division. Third, the Imperial Forest Army was rapidly strengthened, and the central authority was initially established. In June of the fourth year of Jianyan, Gengyin, "Zhao Zhejiang West System made Han Shizhong go to the line with his troops"; in July, Zhejiang West Jiangdong System made Zhang Jun "with a thousand people to go to the line". Fourth, Emperor Gaozong of Song issued the "Article on Destroying Jiangsu and Zhejiang to Kill The Souls and Recruit Monks to Make Dojo Sacrifices", which publicly sacrificed the compatriots who died in Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the name of the state, and the people's feelings were slightly appeased.
Huiji thus became a place where the Southern Song Dynasty turned crisis into safety, and was once called "Xingdu".
Emperor Gaozong's residence in Huijian, beginning and end, lasted for four years: from Jianyan's arrival in October 17, 3rd year, to the tenth month of the first month of the second year of Shaoxing, removing the four and a half months of avoidance in the sea lanes, a total of one year and nine months and more than ten days, 665 days.
2. Change to Yuan Shaoxing
Shaoxing changed the Yuan, and the Jianyan era name was already used in the fifth year of New Year's Day (January 31, 1131).
The reason for changing the Yuan, the Southern Song Dynasty historians gave two statements. Zhu Shengfei's "Xiushui Idle Residence" said that "people say that there are many thieves, and the word Yan is two fires", and Wang Yinglin's "Jade Sea" volume 13 Zeyun "Jianyan is two fires, and this clutch is also". But such an explanation is undoubtedly shallow and delusional. The real and profound motives should be carefully searched.
Li Xinchuan's "Records of the Year since Jianyan" has left clues: "Gengyin, shang and the auxiliary ministers discussed changing the yuan." "Gengyin is already in late December of the fourth year of Jianyan, and it is a few days before the announcement of the change of yuan on New Year's Day of the following year. This imperial meeting should be the final decision on various matters related to the change of the yuan.
The next day, "Xin Jiao, Liu Guangshi played a spy to report that the enemy did not cross the river." The Minister said, "Cultivate personnel affairs in order to answer Providence." Fan Zongyin said: "The sunnah and this, the world is very fortunate." It seems that the monarchs and courtiers all think that the major matter of changing the Yuan is in accordance with The Will of Heaven.
The ceremony of changing the yuan, volume 41 of the Records of the Chronicles of the Lineage Since Jianyan, is recorded as follows:
In the first year of Shaoxing, the year of Xinhai (the ninth year of Emperor Taizong of Jin,000 and the second year of Liu Yufuchang of pseudo-Qi), the first month of spring was in Yuezhou. Pingdan, led hundreds of officials to worship the Second Emperor outside the north gate of the palace. Retire to the imperial palace and live with the counselors. It's the same with the synodic. It is the day to change the yuan Shaoxing, the German tone descends...
There are two points that can be noted: Shaoxing changed the Yuan, and Song Gaozong was neither subject to imperial congratulations nor amnesty to the world (only the secondary "Deyin" was demoted), which was very low-key; the second was to remind us that the first year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty was also the ninth year of the Great Golden Heavenly Society and the second year of the pseudo-Qi Fuchang.
At that time, the situation was very grim: the Jin soldiers withdrew to the north of the Yangtze River, but they were still on the huai river; in the southern Song Dynasty, all kinds of thieves swarmed and soldiers and bandits ran rampant; the pseudo-Qi Liu Yu, with the support of the Jin State, was proclaimed emperor in the beginning of September, obeying the era name of Jin, and on November 23, he independently established the Yuan as the "First Year of Fuchang", and suspended the Tianhui for eight years.
From the perspective of time, the Southern Song Dynasty changed to Yuan Shaoxing, which was directed at the pseudo-Qi Jianyuan Fuchang. A month after the pseudo-Qi Jianyuan, "Shang and the auxiliary ministers discussed changing the Yuan"; ten days later, the Southern Song Dynasty also announced the change of the Yuan. If you read the edicts of the pseudo-Qi and Southern Song Dynasties, the pertinence is more obvious. The Pseudo-Qi Jianyuan Edict (see Compilation of the Three Dynasties Northern League, vol. 182) states:
The king is ordained, and he will start with the beginning. In modern times, it is still Ji Jia to renew with the world. ...... It took November 23, Jianyuan as the first year of Fuchang, and announced to the world that Xian would hear about it.
The Southern Song Dynasty Changed the Yuan Zhao ("Shaoxing Changed Yuan Deyin") said:
Because of the right age, Zhaoyi Jia name, Fa Zhuo number in the Zhi Dynasty, Pei Hong en in Huanyu, its five years of Jianyan can be changed to the first year of Shaoxing.
"ZhengYi", "Jiaming" and "Zhengyi" and "Jia", all of which are also referred to as "Zhengshuo". Pseudo-Qi thought that China was Zhengshuo, and didn't the Southern Song Dynasty become a rebel? So you have to change the yuan.
On the other hand, between the Jin and Song dynasties, Zhao Zhuo has been seeking peace talks. Since July of the first year of Jianyan, the Southern Song Dynasty has sent no less than ten batches of envoys to the Great Golden Messenger, the Former Golden Army To Ask The Envoy, and the Jin State to pray. Emperor Gaozong's "Edict of Facing the Enemy in the West of Zhejiang" admitted that on the way to the south, he was once "willing to honor the title, willing to be degraded, please use Zhengshuo, than the vassals", that is, willing to use the calendar and era name of Dajin. If this is the case, the first year of Shaoxing will become the "ninth year of the Heavenly Society", and the history of the Chinese nation will be rewritten.
However, when it came to huijian, Zhao Zhuo turned the crisis into safety, so his attitude turned slightly harder. The change of era name itself is a declaration of considerable political significance: to Daikin, it means that it will no longer "use Zhengshuo, compared to the vassals"; to false Qi, it is to declare its orthodox status. Therefore, we must first express a little respect for the word "Shaoxing".
III. "Shaoxing after"
Such a low-key change is because of weakness, the country is also weak, and the heart is also weak. Although the Song court escaped the fate of life and death, it was still like a bird of fright, and the Golden Soldiers in the Jianghuai Area were immediately nervous as soon as there was a wind and grass. Prime Minister Fan Juemin only has the so-called "long strategy of no solution" of "but not to die".
While they were in the meeting, the ministers invariably told stories of collusion and practice, proposing "taking the transgression as the law," the so-called "weak externality," "concealing tolerance and submission," and "covering up shame and forbearance of humiliation," and so on. Emperor Gaozong's own entanglements and inner bitterness were as he said in the edict of the first-time Yuezhou: "If you want to be good to your neighbors and truce, you will bow down and be generous to ask for peace, and if you want to save money and compassionate the people, you will be devalued and lose clothes and be frugal." "Now that the yuan has been changed, the name taken must implement these two major concerns.
The Two Song Dynasties were the era of the literati, and the names of the era names were generally taken from ancient texts. Wang Zao, who drafted the "Shaoxing Reform Yuan Deyin", was proficient in allusions, and at that time there was a reputation of "using things to be appropriate and respecting the national system". The year name "Shaoxing" is a small word and needs to be deeply interpreted.
"If you want a truce between good neighbors, you will bow down and be polite to please peace", how to shout to Dajin through the era number? "Miscellaneous Records of the Dynasty and the Wild Since Jianyan" Yun:
Emperor Gaozong took the throne at the beginning of the reign, changed the yuan jianyan, and took the fire virtue in the middle of the wei. Miao Liu's rebellion, thinking that the Yan character is two fires, so there are many thieves. Next year, it will also be from the sea and changed to Shaoxing for five years. For a long time, after making peace with the prisoners, he did not repeat it for thirty-two years.
The last sentence is quite interesting. Does it indicate that the Golden State accepted the era name "Shaoxing"? According to the custom, when the Southern Song Dynasty changed the Yuan, envoys would be sent to Jin to explain that "there are people in a big country" - Liu Xiao and other Jin Han people will inevitably ask what canon "Shaoxing" comes from. If so, the meaning that the Southern Song Dynasty wanted to transmit to Dajin had to be carefully considered.
Today we interpret "Shaoxing", inertial thinking is to take it apart to say, "Shao" is inherited, "Xing" is known as Zhongxing. In fact, before the Southern Song Dynasty, "Shaoxing" was already a mature word. For example, "Your Majesty Shaoxing, Guangkai Emperor Ye" ("Southern Qi Shu Kong ZhiJue Biography"), "The Emperor Wensheng was ordained to replace Shaoxing..." (Sui Jiang Zong, "Shangmao Guiqi")
Proceeding from the historical facts of the plea for "biyu vassals" at that time, the Song court's shouting or envoy transmission to Dajin's "Shaoxing" is most likely taken from the meaning of Huan Kuan's "Salt and Iron Treatise on The Qin Dynasty" of the Western Han Dynasty:
Zong Zhou repaired the long text, but the country was weak and could not survive on its own, the six kingdoms in the east, the qin in the west, and the body was relocated, and the temple was extinct. Lai XianDi Dahui, after Shaoxing, fengjia Yingchuan, was called Zhou Zi male prince.
The gist of this is: the Western Zhou Dynasty pays attention to etiquette, but the state is weakened, so that it cannot survive, the east is afraid of the Six Kingdoms, the west is afraid of the Qin State, the monarch is far away, and the temple is extinct. Later, thanks to the favor of Emperor Wu of Han, the descendants of Zhou flourished again, and he was given the title of "Zhou Zi Male Prince" by sealing Ji Jia in Yingchuan.
The focus of these words is in "Lai Xian Emperor Dahui, Shaoxing and later." Therefore, it is to tell Dajin: I Da Song "cultivate the long text, but the country is weak and cannot survive on its own", hoping that Dajin will give favors and continue to save my Zhao clan. Read Jianyan's "Letter to Marshal Jin" in August of the third year of Jianyan to understand:
Former Qin and the world can be described as strong, not abolishing the Weijiao temple; Han Gaozucheng Emperor Can be described as a great thing, and not destroying the kingdom of Weituo; Emperor Wu of Zhou and the Southern and Northern Dynasties can be described as Guangyi, and Xu Liuxiaocha thought it was a vassal.
Jin's destruction of the Song Dynasty did not mean to occupy for a long time, but to set up a puppet and extort tribute for a long time. At the beginning, Zhang Bangchang of Dachu was followed by Liu Yu of Daqi. And the former ministers of the Great Song Dynasty, including Qin Ju and others, submitted letters again and again to "beg for the Zhao clan". Zhao Zhuo himself did not have the slightest confidence: "The conquest of the small state of the great power today, for example, meng Ben's fight is the ear of the beggar." So he repeatedly pleaded to be a vassal of the Golden Kingdom, and told so many allusions for this.
Now the era name is changed, not to Kim Zhengshuo, but "shaoxing behind": on the one hand, although it expresses the will to survive tenaciously, on the other hand, it pleads with Dajin to let me go. Diplomatic rhetoric, lowered stature, but not hurt the national character. It can even be said that it is a metaphor for people, and the needle is hidden in the cotton.
But you can't always say that internally, right? This makes it difficult to burn the pen pole.
According to the Five Virtues, "Emperor Gaozong ascended the throne, changed yuan jianyan, and took the fire virtue in the middle of the micro". The yan person raises the fire twice, so the person who builds the fire intends to be in the fire. However, according to volume 11 of the Compilation of the Three Dynasties Northern League, the year number of the year was not Jianyan but "Yanxing", and Emperor Gaozong chose the former. Now that the yuan has been changed, the Yan character is no longer used, and the banner of ZTE cannot be poured, so it is necessary to re-enable the "Xing" of Yanxing. In this way, Shaoxing changed the yuan, the word "Xing" had already fallen, and the theoretical basis was still the "theory of five fortunes". "Shaoxing" replaced "Jianyan", and the focus fell on a "Shao" word. Wang Zao neither needs to say "Shaoxing is behind", nor does he have to rigidly quote "Shaoxing" in the classics.
Emperor Gaozong's "Shaoxing Changing Yuan Deyin" says:
It was difficult at the time of the fall, the road was obscure, and it was five years since the people of Si were familiar with the poison of the People, and it was not the invasion of the tomb by a strong enemy. ...... To RuYusi, all are given.
Fortunately, the high dome is not tired, and the mourning luck is exhausted. Although the horses came, the border guards were prepared. Jia and Zhao Lin, a period of rest. Shao Yishi's Grand Rest, Xing's Hundred Years of Pi Xu.
"The Grand Rest of The Shao Yi World, the Pi Xu of the Prosperous Century" is now interpreted as the origin of the era name Shaoxing, but I think that this is only a superficial appearance. Thinking of the saying in "Jianyan 3rd November 3Rd Deyin", "forced by strong enemies, merchants have almost moved to the five times", the "Shao" of "Shaoxing" is from "Shang Shu Pan Gengshang":
Pan Geng five moves, will rule Bo Yin, the people consult Xu resentment ... Now do not inherit the ancients, ignorant of the fate of heaven, and know that Qike is from the spirit of the previous kings? If there is a tree of chaos by Xue, Heaven and Eternal I am destined to be in Zi Xinyi, the great cause of shaofu kings, and the four sides of the four sides.
Reading through the full text, "Shaoxing Reform Yuan Deyin" is actually a sin of his own commandment, and Emperor Gaozong wants the people to recognize the difficulties of the country, so the quotation of the "Shang Shu Pan Geng Shang" is very appropriate: in the past, "Pan Geng five moves, the people consulted and complained", now "forced by a strong enemy, broadcast the relocation will be audited", Yu Zi Xinyi, want to "save money and compassion for the people" and can not. It is a sin to sin oneself, and it is necessary to compose the words of mourning and give hope. The sentence "Fortunately, the high dome is not tired, and the mourning luck is poor" leads the reader into the "Book of Shang", which means more profoundly: "If the wood is turned by Xue" (meaning that it seems that the fallen tree grows young shoots). In this way, "the grand rest of the Shao Yi World, the Pi Xu of the Prosperous Hundred Years" is semantically nothing more than the elaboration of the "great cause of the shaofu kings". It went around 108,000 miles, so that the future generations of people who released names fell into the fog of five miles.
"The bend of the inchworm, in order to stretch it; the sting of the dragon and the serpent, to exist in the body; the essence of righteousness into the gods, so that it can be used." Chinese culture has a resilient side, and the music of history always has a low place. During the long historical period, Song Gaozong's forbearance is a repetition of the story of Gouge. It is also a humble word and a generous courtesy, praising and degrading Zhao Zhao, which seems to be unfair. Wang Guiling's "Hui Ji Fu" interprets the spirit of the Yue Kingdom as "generosity with revenge, concealment to achieve things", and the latter sentence may be a caring understanding of Song Gaozong's "Shaoxing and later".
4. Shengzhou is the capital
"Shaoxing" was originally an era name, and later replaced Yuezhou and became a place name, and there was also a process.
First of all, it is because Yuezhou shengfu. The administrative system of the Song Dynasty, the central - road - state - county four levels. Among them, there are many famous halls at the state level, and there are differences between governments, prefectures, military and prisons. The prefectural and state levels are the same, but the weights are not the same. Therefore, the state is also called the state "sheng" house. "Song Hui To Compile Draft• Fang Yu VI":
On October 26 of the first year of Shaoxing, Zhaoyue Prefecture was elevated to Shaoxing Prefecture. The keeper Chen Ruxi said: "The car driver will be stationed in the auditor' quarters, and it will be read for a long time, and it will return the law every day, and the work of restoration will begin from the beginning." May this state, Yi Yifu, the name of tin be blessed, in order to show the rest of the blessings. "Therefore there is an edict. On November 17, he also said: "Since honshu island has been elevated to a government, I want to lead the officials, scholars, monks, and elders to thank you." "From there.
The ugly day of the first year of The Year of Xinhai - October 26 of the first year of Shaoxing - November 24, 1131, is the day of the birth of Shaoxing Province. Half a month earlier, Song and Jin had fought in the Great Battle of Shangyuan, and the Song army had won a great victory, "The multitude of Wushu was not strong. When the news came, the government and the public were excited, and Yuezhou was even more happy. Perhaps, it is this great victory, "so there is an edict."
Secondly, the name of the year is "the story of Xingyuan used by the imperial court". "JiataiHui Jizhi" Yun:
In April of the fourth year of Jianyan, Yuzhou returned from Wentai and was stationed in Yuezhou. On the first day of the first month of next year, it will be changed to Shaoxing. Yuezhou officials, military and civilian monks on the road, begging for the amount of money. Emperor Dezong of the Former Tang Dynasty toured Liang Prefecture in the first year of the Xingyuan Dynasty and changed Liang Prefecture to Xingyuan Prefecture. Therefore, the imperial court used the story of Xingyuan to change yuezhou to Shaoxing Province.
Originally, according to the custom, the imperial court was stationed in the prefecture, and the state could be promoted to the capital. One way is to change the name of the "military house" to the name of the house, then Yuezhou should be "ZhendongFu", just like Runzhou was changed to ZhenjiangFu; the other way is to choose the name of a certain county under the jurisdiction of the prefecture and name it as the new province, then Yuezhou can be changed to "Zhujifu" or something, but it cannot be called "Huijifu", because this is the "pseudonym" used by Wu Yueguo.
However, the Yue people have a "Huiji complex", and the name of "Huiji" is very "quaint" as Zhou Zuoren said, even in the Jiatai period, the local chronicle of Lu You's preface is not called "Shaoxing FuZhi" but "Huijizhi". So embarrassed, some people remembered the "Xingyuan Story": in the fourth year of Jianzhong (783), Tang Dezong, who had been the "Marshal of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses", fled to Liang Prefecture (present-day Hanzhong, Shaanxi) to avoid the "Rebellion of Zhu Zhu". The people ate pot pulp, and Emperor Dezong used this as his base camp to quell the rebellion, so he changed the yuan to "Xingyuan". In order to thank Liang Prefecture for turning the crisis into safety, Tang Dezong specially gave Liang Zhou his imperial era name "Xingyuan", and ordered Liang Prefecture to be promoted to Xingyuan Prefecture, "official name system, with Jingzhao and Henan Province".
During the Jing kang rebellion, Zhao Zhuo also served as the "Great Marshal of the Terracotta Army". He fled to Yuezhou, "wanting to save money and compassion for the people" but could not, and the people of Yuezhou were also "worried about providing hundreds of millions". Preparing to move to Lin'an, Emperor Gaozong's sentimentality made him turn the crisis into safety, "Dependent on the state, restore my luck." In addition, at that time, Xingyuan Province was the base camp of the northern anti-Jin Dynasty, and the commander Zhang Jun had requested to move Xingyuan, and the monk Yuan Jie reported that it was very natural to remind people of the "Xingyuan Story".
Therefore, taking Tang Dezong as an example and "using the story of Xingyuan", Emperor Gaozong of Song gave the year name "Shaoxing" to Yuezhou. Imperial era numbers, solemn things, and national secrets are not available casually. In June of that year, the anti-Jin general Shao Xing retired from Xingyuan Province. "Zhang Jun changed his name to Shao Long because his name was the same as his year number." (Compilation of the Three Dynasties Northern League, vol. 147)
Of course, for this gift, the people of Yuezhou have made great sacrifices.
First of all, Jin Bing tracked down Zhao Zhao all the way, intending to make Yuezhou the capital of Xingxing, that is, the base camp, and the people of Yuezhou were all requisitioned. According to the "One Hundred and Sixteen Records of the Continuation of Zizhi Tongjian", in October of the third year of Jianyan, Li Yi of Yuezhou Zhizhou, who surrendered, was "ordered to build Ming to raise armor, and the cost of each pair of materials was eight thousand taels." Yuezhou made a total of 3,000 pieces of armor, and 120 labor was required for one payment. The Jin soldiers attacked Yue and fought a big battle at Dongguan in Huiji County, "breaking the Song army with three thousand soldiers and crossing the Cao'e River" ("Jin Shi Zongbi Biography"). Probably the more man-made Ming ju armor also came in handy.
Compared with Mingzhou, Taizhou, and Wenzhou, the Jin army occupied Yuezhou for the longest time, burning and looting almost all over the eight counties under its jurisdiction. Wang Zhidao's "Dai He Xiyuan Xie Yue Shou Chen Ru Xi Qi" Yun: "The Eastern Tour of the Holy Lord, the Southern Crossing of the Suitable Golden People, the Gan Ge Yun Disturbance, the Shi Shu Xing Ben Cold CryIng Hungry Often, the Clothes and Crowns Carrying Young And Supporting the Elderly One After another, the Wilderness Mourns." "Jiatai Hui Ji Zhi" "Jingzhong Temple" Tiao Yun: "The journey of the great driver, the zhao baisi divided into half and a half subordinates." Half fled east with Emperor Gaozong, and half of the personnel stayed in Vietnam and went underground. In addition to facing the enemy head-on, the people of Yuezhou also had to cover the "half" of the remaining about 3,000 people.
When Emperor Gaozong returned to Yuezhou to garrison, the resettlement of the imperial court was a huge pressure. The Yue prefecture capital was all given to Emperor Gaozong as a palace (there were 600 janissaries alone), and the prefecture itself moved to the Dashan Temple (where the Present-day Dashan Pagoda still exists). The area of the sub-city is basically emptied, and "hundred divisions are stationed". All temples and Taoist temples in the city were requisitioned to settle officials and their families. The garrison, mainly the northwestern soldiers, built camps outside the city, and most of them were located in the neighborhoods of the city (the area around Lu Xun's hometown today, which was a cavalry battalion at that time). For a while, it will be overcrowded and prices will soar. In October of the fourth year of Jianyan, Emperor Gaozong said to his assistant ministers: "Hearing that the hundred things in the city are expensive... One rabbit to five or six thousand straight, and three or four hundred quail. (Records of the Chronicles of the Lineage Since Jianyan, vol. XXXVIII)
Fires are constantly occurring, plagues are contagious from time to time, and various emergencies often emerge, and the impact of indigenous people's lives can be imagined. For example, "Yi Jianzhi" said: "In the first year of Shaoxing, the car was driving in Huiji. When things were created, there was a strict prohibition on the slaughter of cattle privately, and the guards often violated the prohibition. There were buffalo with a blade on their heads, and they burst into the city from the side of the Yu Temple, and those who saw it were easy, and the box guards were worried about their ravages, and they wanted to cling to it, and they were touched to death. Shifu Zhiyu Dashan Temple, the cattle into the three doors..."
Third, the burden of wealth is very heavy. When Emperor Gaozong first arrived at huijian, the tribute was not paid, and it was mainly solved by huijian. On November 3 of the third year of Jianyan's reign, he issued an edict in Yuezhou: "But the Eighth Patriarch's Ze, how can Ru be delusional?" "The More people who know how to be grateful, they immediately dedicate themselves." Lu You recalled: "When the minister was young, he saw the people reciting the edict, and as for weeping. Although he poured out his gifts to help the army prosper, he did not dare to love. At that time, there was a tax called "and pre-purchase of silk", and the Zhuzi Language Class, that is, Yun "only Shaoxing is the heaviest today". The seven prefectures of eastern Zhejiang totaled 300,000 horses, and Yuezhou received 140,000 horses alone. Zhai Ruwen of Yuezhou Zhizhou reduced some of it without authorization, and as a result, he was severely punished by Emperor Gaozong of Song.
5. "Shaozuo ZTE"?
Unfortunately, to this day, the origin of Shaoxing Province is still being falsely rumored. The Great Dictionary of Chinese History:
In the fourth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1130), Emperor Gaozong avoided the Jin army in Yuezhou, and the following year changed to Yuan Shaoxing, taking the meaning of "Shaozuo Zhongxing", and then promoted Yuezhou as the capital, with the name of the year.
The Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Chinese Geographical Names is cloudy:
Shaoxing Province, the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty Shaoxing (1131) took the meaning of "Shao Zuo Zhongxing" to ascend to Yue Prefecture.
The saying "Shao Zuo Zhongxing" is widely circulated, but it is neither historical nor reasonable. "Shao Zuo", inheriting the throne also. When Emperor Lizong of Song took the throne, Cheng Jue wrote a letter of advice: "At the beginning of Shaozuo, especially the beginning of entering morality..." In the first year of Shaoxing, Zhao Zhuo had been on the throne for five years, and it made sense to say "Shaozuo" again.
In this regard, the historical geographer Chen Qiaoyi once intended to correct it. In January 1998, he wrote in the "Chronicle of Shaoxing County":
The interpretation of the name "Shaoxing" has always been quite misunderstood, such as "Shaozuo Zhongxing" and so on. Because we found the revised Yuan edict at that time from the Compilation of the Three Dynasties Northern League, vol. 114 (erroneously, when in volume 144): "The Grand Rest of the Shao Yi Dynasty, the Pi Xu of the Hundred Years of Prosperity." "Then all the old sayings are rumors, and the origin of this name can be solved.
It means that "Shaoxing" is the "first word synthesis" of these two sentences. But this assertion is also not entirely accurate. The era name is generally taken from ancient texts, taken from a certain sentence and a certain sentence in the Yuan Edict itself, which is unique. It should be said that it was the imperial court that first determined the word "Shaoxing" as the era name according to the Book of Shang, and then handed it over to Wang Zao to draft an edict, and Wang Shi then laid out the two words as two sentences, not the other way around.
As soon as Chen Qiaoyi's thesis came out, the saying of "Shao Zuo Zhongxing" was put to rest, but soon the dregs flooded. The article "Chen Qiaoyi and Shaoxing City Chronicle" published in the 6th issue of Zhejiang Fangzhi in 2002:
In fact, the four characters of "Shaozuo Zhongxing" were written by Emperor Gaozong of Song to the officials and people of Shaoxing Province after the establishment of Shaoxing Province, which first had the name of the house and then the amount of the house, not the opposite, the so-called Shaoxing was named by "Shao Zuo Zhongxing", which is the inversion of cause and effect, of course, it should be corrected.
The author emphasizes that there is first the name of Shaoxing Province, and then there is the song Gaozong title "Shao Zuo Zhongxing" Fuyuan. Looking through Meng Nianheng's 2015 papers such as "A Preliminary Study on the Current Situation of Geographical Name Culture Research in Zhejiang Province", I realized that this statement is now popular.
In fact, it is not a question of before and after, but whether there is or not - Song Gaozong did not write the four words "Shao Zuo Zhongxing" at all. All misunderstandings come from the "house" or "begging for the house".
There is Song Zhi's so-called "begging for the amount of the house", which is a euphemism with a specific meaning: it is not to ask the emperor to write a plaque at the entrance of the local government, but to ask the imperial court to change the name of the state to the name of the prefecture, that is, to promote the prefecture from the prefecture.
Therefore, "begging for the amount of the house" is also called "begging for the amount of the house" or "begging to rise to the amount of the house". For example, because Hongzhou was a subordinate of Emperor Xiaozong, Zhizhou wrote that "begs according to the jingjiang province and is promoted to the province".
According to the "Continuation Chronicle of Jingding Yan Prefecture", after the state played the "begging for the name of the house", it was discussed and agreed by the three provinces, which was called "Hesheng Fu'e"; the book made by the emperor was called "giving the name of the house". At that time, Chen Ruxi, the governor of Yuezhou, said: "May this state be blessed, Yi Yifu, and the name of tin, in order to show the rest of the blessings." It is very clear that "to benefit this state, yi yi fu", is to ask the state to rise to the capital; "the good name of tin, to show the good rest of the blessing", the tin gives also, the fu is a "good name", not the "inscription" of the present day!
In fact, Zhao's title "ShaoZuo Zhongxing" has no literature to support.
The inscription of Shaoxing Province, according to the "Jiatai HuiJizhi", is the calligraphy master Wu Fupeng at that time, known as "Wu Hou Miaohan is absolutely ancient and modern, and the high list is close to the wind and rain". He did not write the three words "Shaoxing Province", but "Shaoxing Province". The reason why it is written "ShaoxingFu of the Capital" is because in the Song Dynasty, "the prefecture is divided into six grids, and the capital has five grades", and the Governor's Mansion is the first "waiting" mansion in the "fifth class mansion" of the Jingfu, the Peijingfu, the Governor's Mansion, the Sub-Prefecture, and the Yufu "Fifth Grade Mansion", and each province is honored by the person who has set up the Metropolitan Governor's Mansion, and the prefect must have more than three products to serve.
The status of Shaoxing Province, which was the governor of Yue Prefecture and the capital, was greatly improved, and its development will also turn a new page. In the first month of the second year of Shaoxing, "壬寅 (the tenth day of the first month), Emperor Fa Shaoxing." At noon (14), the emperor went to Lin'an Province". Such a short mileage, Gaozong actually walked for four days, and he was also attached to the land of Shaoxing.
(The author is an expert on the protection and utilization of Shaoxing Ancient City appointed by Shaoxing Municipal Government)
Editor-in-Charge: Shanshan Peng
Proofreader: Liu Wei