Author: Wu Chen
Since 2005, Yizheng City has held the "China Yizheng Green Yang Spring Morning Tea Cultural Festival" for 15 consecutive years, expressing cultural connotations in various forms such as poetry, drama, music art, tea ceremony performances, and 10,000 people's common products, and the "Green Yang Spring Tea" brand has a certain popularity.
The article "Survey on the Cost and Benefit of Tea Planting in Yizheng City in 2019" on the website of Yangzhou Municipal Development and Reform Commission pointed out that since the introduction of Yixing group seed trial in 1957, after years of development, Yizheng has become the largest tea production and processing base in Yangzhou, and has won the titles of China's famous tea town, national key tea producing county and China's tea industry development demonstration county.
In 2005, the "Yizheng Green Yang Spring Tea" trademark was registered, in 2011, the Ministry of Agriculture approved the registration of agricultural products geographical indication protection, the city's tea industry worked together to create "Yizheng Green Yang Spring Tea", the current brand advantage has been initially formed, in March 2017 Yizheng Green Yang Chun was awarded the "first batch of tea brands certified by China's forests", with a "green passport" that goes abroad; In 2018, the regional public brand value of "Yizheng Green Poplar Spring Tea" reached 1.002 billion yuan.
According to the survey data of Yizheng Municipal Agriculture and Rural Bureau in 2019: the total area of tea gardens in Yizheng City in 2019 was 33,150 mu, the city's dry hair tea output was 520 tons, the total output value was 181.35 million yuan, the income was 3443.1 yuan / mu, and the net profit was 1881.30 yuan / mu.
Compared with the income from planting rice and wheat, the profit of planting tea is relatively high, coupled with the unique hilly landform of Yizheng, it is more suitable for the growth of tea plants, so farmers are still willing to grow tea. However, due to the level of field management, disaster resistance, labor quality and other factors, especially the traditional and single sales methods, resulting in insufficient production capacity, can only be sold to set production, only one season per year, so that the growth curve is flat, failed to develop a large-scale leading enterprises.
In the past two years, the author has visited some leading tea enterprises in Fujian, Zhejiang and Anhui, and compared with the current situation of the tea industry in our city, I feel that the "Tea Culture Festival" lacks local historical and cultural elements, and the industrial chain is not long enough is the most important gap.
The author believes that to break through the bottleneck constraints of the development of the tea industry, in addition to taking measures such as supporting policies issued by the government and promoting the application of new varieties and new technologies, we should learn from the leading tea enterprises in other places, embed local historical and cultural elements in tea publicity, sales and other links, especially in large-scale activities such as the "Tea Culture Festival", tell the unique story of Yizheng, lengthen the industrial chain of the tea industry, and expand and extend the simple sales behavior to visit, study, experience, interaction and other directions.
The author suggests: by the tourism or agricultural management department, select enterprises with certain popularity, build a tea culture experience hall, and set up a tea culture history and culture exhibition area, a tea production visit area, a tea picking and processing area for tourists, and a tea ceremony performance appreciation area. In particular, the historical and cultural exhibition area is the key to telling the story of local tea culture, and it is recommended to build a "tea shrine" or "water identification hall" to increase the sense of ceremony.
Telling the story of local tea culture has made tea expand from simple product sales to the scope of cultural tourism. In recent years, Yangzhou has carried out salt worship activities every year, which has enhanced the "salt culture" taste of the garden and even Yangzhou, and promoted the further development of Yangzhou's tourism industry. The city's twelve wei built a new rubber mane temple, which increased the connotation of salt culture and extended the time for tourists to visit and stay in the twelve wei. Establish a tea culture experience hall, arrange tea shrine sacrifice activities, tell the tea story of Lu Yu, Su Shi, You Yin, ruan Yuan in Yizheng, combined with tea production, self-tasting, watching performances and other activities, the tea culture experience hall will be built into a research base, the industrial chain of the tea industry will be lengthened, and I believe that the development of the local tea industry can play a certain role in promoting.
What are the tea culture and historical allusions in Yizheng?
1. Lu Yu Yangzi yi discerning water
The Tang Dynasty scholar Wen Tingjun's "Record of Picking Tea" records that during the Tang Dynasty Emperor's calendar year (766-779), Li Jiqing, the imperial master, inspected Huzhou in Jiangnan and met Lu Hongzhi (Lu Yu) at the Weiyang territory, Li Jiqing heard lu Yu's tea name, and wanted to taste tea with him, so he invited him to Yangziyi (Yangzi County was the name of Yizheng's county in the Tang Dynasty), and Li Jiqing said: "Lu Jun is a tea tasting expert, famous in the world. We are now on the Yangtze River, and the spring water in Yangzi Nanling is a must. Today's famous artists and famous springs are together, once in a thousand years, it is really rare!" So he asked the veteran sergeant to take the water bottle and drive the boat to Nanling Spring, and after the water was retrieved, Lu Yu scooped a spoonful to taste: "This is just the river water, not the Nanling spring water in the river, like the water on the shore." The sergeant said, "I personally sailed the boat directly to Nanling Spring to get water, and many people can witness it. Lu Yu didn't speak, poured out half of the bottle of water, and then scooped the water to taste: "This water is the Nanling Spring Water." The sergeant was taken aback and quickly knelt down to plead guilty: "I did draw water from Nanling Spring, but when I was about to dock, the boat swung and the water was half spilled, so I filled the water on the shore." You are truly a man of God! I don't dare hide it anymore! Li Jiqing and dozens of people in his entourage were very surprised.
Lu Yu (733-804), also spelled Hongxue, was a native of Jingling, Fuzhou (present-day Tianmen, Hubei), who wrote the three-volume Tea Classic, which was the world's first tea monograph. It is known as the "Tea Fairy", revered as the "Tea Saint", and worshiped as the "Tea God".
2. Tea monopoly
Yizheng County Chronicle records, "The goods are handled in the second year of Qiande. The sixth in the world, the true state, the first one also. ”
"榷" is the official monopoly, and the "榷貨務" is the official of the Song Dynasty, which is equivalent to the "monopoly bureau". The second year of Qiande (964) was just five years after the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty, and in this year, Yingluan Town (Yizheng City) was upgraded to jian'an army and began to build a city, at the same time, jian'an yu cargo service was established. At that time, there were only six cargo services in the country: Jian'an, Wuwei, Pukou, Hanyang, Gangling, and Haizhou. In the Jian'an Army, the establishment of the cargo service originated from the fact that this is the main traffic route for the canal to enter and exit the river and the goods in and out.
The main commodity of cargo management is tea. Tea is not only a consumer commodity, but also a strategic material for exchanging horses with ethnic minorities (tea and horse mutual market). The imperial court received generous taxes from the production, transportation, and trade of tea. After the Song Dynasty, the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties all followed this practice, and the Ming and Qing dynasties set up a tea introduction house in Yizheng and engaged in tea monopoly until the end of the Qing Dynasty.
The management of the goods is to transport and sell tea through Yizheng in various places, and Yizheng does not produce tea locally? The author has not found direct evidence in the history books, but speculates that Yizheng may have produced tea at that time.
Five generations ago, The Shu Rites Department Shangshu Mao Wenxi recorded in the "Tea Recipe": "Yangzhou Zenzhi Temple, the Forbidden City of Sui, the temple pillow Shugang, there are tea gardens, its tea is sweet and fragrant, and the taste is like a mengding. ”
Mengding refers to the Mengding Mountain in Sichuan, and the Mengding tea produced in the Tang Dynasty was used as a tribute. The popular "Yangtze River Water, Tea on the Top of Mengshan Mountain" in the tea industry comes from the Ming Dynasty Chen Chen's "Discernment Xiaozhi": "Proverb Cloud, Yangtze River Water, Mengshan Peak Tea", but before him, there was a small song by Li Dezai of the Yuan Dynasty, "Spring Light Morning on the Peak of Mengshan":
The spring light on the top of Mengshan Mountain is early, and the water taste of the Yangtze River is high.
The Tao family bachelor is more charming, should laugh down, sell the golden tent, drink lamb.
It shows the perfect tea realm between the water in the Yangtze River and the tea on the top of Mengshan Mountain. Mao Wenxi recorded that Shugang tea "tastes like a blinding roof", which is a very high evaluation of it.
The Northern Song Dynasty poet Ouyang Xiu has "Two Songs of the Six-Question Hall of the Original Father Yangzhou"
One
The snow still covers the trees, and the thunder has not yet built a stream spring.
Zhongzhou floor heating sprouted early, and it is advisable to pay tribute to the new things first.
Second
Recalling the past, he tried to cultivate the post of a vassal, and the first spring explored the two banners.
Who knew that Bai Shou had come to resign and had to give a cup with Jin Luan.
He recalled the scene when he was in Yangzhou to supervise the manufacture of tribute tea, and recalled the glory of being given imperial tea later.
The Northern Song Dynasty poet Mei Yaochen has "Yi Yun and Liu YuanFu Sheren Yangzhou Five Titles and Two Songs of the One-Time Synagogue":
Rain and thunder pond do not dust, Shu KunGang warm spring.
The tobacco teeth only spit out zhu round out, and the royal cake was sealed to this pro.
This year, too guarded to pick tea, a thousand doors were forbidden to open.
Obstinately love Junsi to go to the disease, not the time will be this cup.
The Northern Song Dynasty poet Chao Supplement has the "Seven Songs of Yangzhou Miscellaneous Songs":
Shugang Tea Flavor Map Sutra says that do not pay tribute to spring buds to ten years.
Not sparing the Qingqing Tibetan horse hyena, may fail to live up to Daming Spring.
The above historical materials and ancient poems show that Shugang in Yangzhou, which is connected to Yizheng, produced tea during the Tang and Song dynasties.
The 1994 edition of the "Yizheng City Chronicle" records: "In 1957, 2 acres of tea trees were tried to plant in The Mountains", and the article "Yizheng City 2019 Tea Planting Cost and Income Survey" also said that "since the introduction of Yixing group planting trial planting in 1957", it all refers to Yizheng modern tea planting began in 1957, but Shi Weiwen, an expert who has long been engaged in tea planting and research in our city and vice chairman of the Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, does not agree with this statement, she pointed out that in the "China Tea Revival Plan" published by the Commercial Press in 1935, There is a clear record of yizheng planting tea. The author immediately placed an order to buy the book online after hearing the news, and sure enough, in the third chapter "The Vast Geography of the Production Economy" listed the list of tea production areas in the country, he found "Yizheng", which is enough to prove that modern Yizheng tea existed before 1935.
【"China Tea Revival Plan" Book Shadow】
3. Su Shi's inscription is Hui Ri Quan
The county chronicle records that in early August of the seventh year (1084) of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi went to Jinling to meet Wang Anshi, came to Yi at the invitation of Zhenzhou Zhizhou, stayed in The Prefecture for more than 20 days, and left in early September. During this time, Su Shi liked Lengjia'an (the monastic house of Tianning Temple) and copied the Guangming Sutra here. There is a well in the next yard, Su Shi drank tea and water, felt fresh and sweet, and inscribed the inscription on this well: "Hui Ri Quan" (Hui Ri is a Buddhist term, referring to the Fa Hui, Buddha Hui, Buddha light that illuminates everything). Today, the Hui Ri Quan Jing Bar is still there, located in a row of store rooms on the north side of the Tianning Temple Pagoda, and has a nameplate of "Yizheng City Cultural Relics Protection Unit".
【Hui Ri Quan】
4. Youyin Dongpo Stone Chord
You Yin, a famous painter of the Qing Dynasty Yizheng, whose family collected Su Shi Shi Cho (diào) (utensils for making tea), called his house "Shi Cho Shan Fang". You Yin was painting at Prince Li's house, he liked to show it, and he had nothing to do with the stone hammer of the family heirloom Su Shi to play with, and from time to time he bragged about it, and accidentally passed it to the ears of the Qianlong Emperor. In the forty-fifth year of Qianlong (1780), Shi Quezi was "pointed out" by the emperor, You Yin had no choice, the family heirloom treasure was gone, the thoughts were extreme, there was no sustenance, so he had to paint the stone chosa, "reminiscing about the "Stone Chokari Diagram". In the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803), You Yin also compiled the "Po Xian Shi Cho Inscription", remembering the lost Dongpo Sencha vessel, from the end of the scroll:
The old Tibetan Slope Xianshi Cho, Qianlong Gengzi (1780), had to be returned to the Tianfu, and became the treasure of the Xi Dynasty. Self-hugging foot cramps, not more than seven years. Even after the inspection of the princes, the inscription is first inscribed, and the collection is formed into a 帙 (zhì). Grandson Wu Shaoyong wrote a message, stored in the towel, in order to look up to the meaning of the former sages. Jiaqing eight years of Decay (1803) leap month, spring snow is fast and sunny, the door is not swept. Sima Zhuxuan took the tea, inquired about the past, went out to negotiate, paid the carved Zi, and the gentlemen of the Inner Boya in the Sea of Yi Zhu, and the less seniority to talk about helping Yun'er.
There is more than one family heirloom stone map of Youyin's painting, and now the major auction websites circulate a number of stone drawings such as "Jiangcun Scholar Youyin", "Mizumura Houxue Youyin", "Mizumura Scholar", "Mizumura Scholar Youyin", as well as two peaks (Luo Ping) and Japanese painter Fukuoka Tetsusai's Youyin Tibetan Slope Gongshi Map. It shows that Youyin's thoughts about Shi Cho are deep. On these stone maps, You Yin inscribed Su Shi's poem "Ciyun Zhou Hui Shi Cho" on it to show that the family heirloom was what Su Dongpo played with in that year.
Su Shi 《次韵周穜惠石铫》
Copper and fishy iron is not suitable for spring, love this deep and wide.
Crab eye rolling wave soup has been made, the dragon head refuses to fire the handle is still cold.
Ginger new salt less tea first ripe, water stain cloud steaming moss is not dried.
Since ancient times, the cattle have folded their feet, and it is necessary to know that no feet are light and safe.
Zhou Zhen (周穜字仁穜), a native of Taizhou, was a jinshi in the ninth year of Xi Ning (1076). Knowing that Su Shi was fond of tea and sent Shi Cho to him, Su Shi gladly accepted it and wrote this poem to express his gratitude.
Su Shi's "Trial Courtyard Sencha" miscellaneous poems, which have a sentence:
I am poor and sick today, and I am often hungry, and I have no jade bowl to hold the moth's eyebrows.
And learn to make tea and drink in the public house, and the brick hearth stone chole is followed.
It can be seen that Shi Cho is accompanied by Su Shi.
You Yin himself is a literati, and the painting "Suiyuan Feeding Festival" shows Yuan Mei buying a boat of refreshments "Zhenzhou Xiaomeiren Cake" to give to Inspector QiFeng of Jiangsu, which is now in the Nanjing Museum. When Ruan Yuan was the second governor of Zhejiang, he made a special trip to visit Youyin in Banwan Garden, Yizheng Cang Lane, and Youyin had a congratulatory poem. The various stone drawings he painted were rich in historical stories because they all had poems by Su Shi in appreciation of Zhou Zhen, and there were many inscriptions and prints around the canvas, which were deeply loved by collectors.
【Water Village Houxue Youyin Stone Map】
4, Ruan Yuan tea hidden shou
Ruan Yuan was the most famous township sage in Yizheng, and the nine provinces were feudal and official to Taifu. Academic achievements are fruitful, "When the Qianjia cultural relics were at their peak, they presided over the Wind Festival for decades, and the scholars in the sea regarded it as a mountain douyan. "Known as a generation of Wenzong. He did not make birthdays in his life, according to his own birthday conventions, no invitations, no notices, no wine, no guests, and even no squatting at home, directly to the suburbs to drink tea, called "tea cain". The purpose of such a "tea concealment" measure to avoid customers is to fight corruption and promote honesty and prevent others from taking the opportunity to give gifts.
On the twentieth day of the first month of the 25th year of DaoGuang (1845), it was Nguyen Yuan's eighty-second birthday, and the retired Nguyễn Yuan spent it in Yi Zheng Li Chau (Nguyễn Thi Thi Thi). After arriving at LiqiZhou, I stayed in Changlu'an, and in the face of heavy snow, I stayed with the guests for more time. The old man recalled that Qianlong Yan ugly (1793), he was just thirty years old, Ren Zhan Shifu Zhan Shi (正三品), the eldest daughter Ruan Quan and Lady Jiang had just died. In the first month of that year, the Qianlong Emperor held a tea banquet, and the emperor gave Ruan Yuan a picture of Du Qiong's (Suzhou painter of the Ming Dynasty) "Xishan Ruixue" with an inscription:
Xuejing Xishan wrote Du Qiong, jade for the world is not alone.
The old man donkey follows the creek road on his back, losing and looking at the love of the window.
These paintings are all slightly inferior old paintings selected by Ruan Yuan when he was ordered to sort out the "Stone Canal Baodi", and the emperor inscribed poems to reward his courtiers during the tea feast, which coincided with his birthday. Ruan Yuan understood the emperor's painstaking heart and was determined to be a qingxian official, so from then on it was only a birthday, only tea cain.
Ruan Yuan's birthday was forty years old in the mountains of Hangzhou, fifty years old in canal boats, sixty years old in the bamboo forest in Guangdong, and seventy years old in Guizhou Creek snow boat. Now at the age of eighty-two, I met the scene of "Xishan Ruixue" in Changlu'an, which shows that everything has a definite number. From the time the emperor gave this picture sixty years ago, until his retirement or even his death, Ruan Yuan's lifelong tea remained unchanged.
【Ruan Yuan Statue】
This article is a proposal submitted as a special information officer of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and the allusion part was published in Yizheng Daily on June 30, 2020, and the Ruan Yuanchayin part was published on the Yangzhou Learning Platform of "Learning to Strengthen the Country" on July 1, 2020.