During the more than 260 years of the reign of the Edo shogunate (1603-1867), there were about 500 large and small domains in Japan before and after, and on average, there were about 270 domains in each era, so there was the name of "Edo Shogunate Three Hundred Domains", and today we will introduce the Kurume Domain
Kyushu Domains
Kurume Domain was a domain located in the Kyushu region during the Edo period, and the domain was owned by the Ama clan, which included Chikugo Kingdom's Mizuma County, Shimoga-gun, Kami-tsuma-gun, Ikuba-gun, Takeno-gun, Yamamoto-gun, Mioi-gun, and Mihara-gun, while the clan was located in Kurume Castle (now Kurume City, Fukuoka Prefecture) in Mitsui-gun, with a stone height of 210,000 stones.
Kurume Castle
Chikugo Kingdom belonged to the Ōtomo clan's sphere of influence at the beginning of the Sengoku period, but the actual rulers were the fifteen lords of the 15 clans known as the "Chikugo Fifteen Castles". In 1578, the Ōtomo clan was defeated by the Shimazu clan at the Battle of Ogawa, and their strength was greatly weakened, and the foundation of their rule in Chikugo became shaken, so takanobu Ryūzōji, who had just pacified Hizen Kunikushoji, took the opportunity to invade and occupy the Chikugo area.
Otomo Muneyoshi
Chikugo Fifteen Castles
In 1584, Ryuzoji Takanobu repeated the mistakes of the Ōtomo clan, and was defeated by the Shimazu clan at the Battle of Okita, and Ryuzoji Takanobu himself and most of the important ministers in the family were absent, and the power of the Ryūzōji clan declined rapidly, and Chikugo became the sphere of influence of the Shimazu clan.
Ryuzoji Takanobu
In 1587, Toyotomi Hideyoshi mobilized the Daimyo of The Western Kingdom to launch a conquest of Kyushu, successfully surrendered the Shimazu clan, pacified Kyushu, and after the war Chikugo Kingdom was divided into meritorious Kohayakawa Takakei, Kohayakawa Hidebata, Tachibana Muneshige, Chikushi Hiromon, among which Kohayakawa Hideobu was enfeoffed with the 75,000-stone territory of 3 counties of Chikugo Mihara- Yōgen, Ooi-gun, and Yamamoto-gun, and began to build Kurume Castle as a castle, becoming the founder of the kurume domain in the future.
Hideo kobayakawa
At the Battle of Bunroku Keicho, Kohayakawa Hidebashi's domain was increased to 130,000 stones for meritorious service.
In 1600, the Battle of Sekigahara broke out, and Hideohata Hayakawa joined the Western Army with the Mori clan as the lord of the Mori clan, but with the defeat of the Western Army, Hidebu's territory of 130,000 stones in Chikugo was confiscated, and the daimyō of the Eastern Army, Tanaka Yoshimasa, was enfeoffed from Okazaki 100,000 stones to 325,000 stones in Chikugo Province for his military exploits, but after Tanaka Yoshimasa entered the castle, he did not choose Kurume Castle as his residence, but chose Tachibana Muneshige's Yanagawa Castle as his residence, so Tanaka Yoshimasa's domain was called "Yanagyu River Domain" At this time, Kurume Castle was only a branch of the Yanagi river domain.
Yoshimasa Tanaka
In 1609, Tanaka Yoshimasa died, and his son Tanaka Tadao was succeeded as the second lord of Yanagikawa Domain.
In 1615, with the promulgation of the shogunate's one country, one castle, Kurume Castle, which was a branch castle, was demolished by the Tanaka clan.
There are Ma family tattoos
In 1620, the second generation lord of the Yanagami Domain, Tanaka Tadamasa, died of illness and was childless, and the Tanaka clan was changed because he had no heirs, and the 325,000-stone territory of the Yanagyu river domain was divided, among which the Mafeng clan was converted from 80,000 stones of Tanba Fukuchi mountain to 210,000 stones in the central and northern part of Chikugo, jumping to become the daimyō of the country and officially establishing the Kurume Domain; while Tachibana Muneshige was enfeoffed with 109,000 stones of the Yanagyu River, establishing a new Yanagawa domain, completing the counterattack from daimyo to ronin and then from ronin to daimyo In addition, Tachibana's nephew Tachibana Shigeru also received 10,000 stones of territory and established the Miike Domain. (Well, this adds up to 329,000 stones, 4,000 more stones than the original, these 4,000 stones are the proceeds of the development of Nitta, or other territories obtained by these daimyo, the author is not very clear, if there is a pro who knows I hope to tell me)
There is a Ma Feng clan
The fact that Arima received such a large seal may be due to the achievements of the previous Battle of Osaka. Although the Arima toyo clan himself is not very outgoing, but his life is not legendary, he started from the courtiers of his brother-in-law Watanase Tsuruga Castle, and after his brother-in-law Watanase Washiru was implicated in the Toyotomi Hideji Incident, he inherited the domain of the tedious domain, and after the Battle of Sekigahara, after sealing and inheriting the domain of his father Arima Zerai Mita Domain, he finally became the daimyō of 210,000 stones of Chikugo Kurume. The experience of the Toyoshi Arima clan also contributed to the complexity of the Kurume clan, including the "Yokosuka clan" inherited from the Watanase family, the "Merlin Duke Imperial Household" inherited from his father Sōrai's Mita Domain, the "Tanba Clan" inherited by the Toyo clan at Fukuchiyama, and the newly added vassals who joined kurume when they were transferred to Kurume, and such a complex faction also became the distant cause of the opposition between the kurume clan's vassals in the future.
Kurume Castle Honmaru Goten Ruins
In 1621, as soon as the Arima clan officially entered the domain, they began to build a new Kurume Castle as a living castle on the site of the original Kurume Castle, along with related supporting facilities such as Castle Town and Samurai Yashiki. During the construction process, it is said that the Arima toyoshi made full use of the materials of abandoned castles such as Tsutsu Castle and Fukushima Castle, and the Arima clan also relocated the entire Ruiyan-ji Temple in the original territory of Tanba Fukuchiyama to Kurume and renamed it Merishi-ji Temple.
Merlin Temple
During his tenure, in order to increase the tax revenue within the domain, the Arima toyo clan raised the standard of tax collection by 1.5 times, and the standard of tax collection was compared with the standard of the 320,000 stone daimyo's domain, so the Toyo clan was jokingly called "Genbo-taka" (toyotaka's official position was Genbo-tou).
In 1637, the Shimabara Rebellion broke out, when the Maho clan was in Edo, and they were very old, but still requested to fight in person, and throughout the Shimabara Rebellion, Kurume Clan also contributed a lot, a total of about 6500 troops, including 173 killed and 1412 wounded.
Original city encirclement map
In 1642, the Arima toyo clan died at the age of 74, and the position of governor was succeeded by his second son, Arima Tadayoshi, who was the second lord of the Kurume Domain. After Arima Tadayoshi succeeded him, he began to develop Kanayama in Hoshino Village, Ikuba County, and promoted the construction of water conservancy projects within the territory, and also deliberately created a water army to prevent foreign ships, and these policies also laid the foundation for the future kurume clan. Although Zhonglai was capable but had a rough and ruthless personality, as many as 70 of his courtiers were exiled and expelled during his tenure, and most of them ended up dying, and at the same time, more severe taxes were levied on the people. Because the followers of Nishi Honganji Temple had offended him, he forcibly demanded that the Nishi Honganji Temple temple in the territory be transferred to Higashi Honganji Temple.
In 1655, Arima died at the age of 53 on his way to attend the service. There are also rumors about The cause of Tadarai's death that Tadarai's abusive surname killed Him from behind when He washed his face, but this may have been a rumor spread due to resentment toward tadayoshi.
After Arima's death, the position of governor was succeeded by his eldest son, Arima Reilly, who was only 4 years old, and was the third-generation lord of the Kurume Domain.
In 1668, at the age of 17, Arima Reiri died young and childless, and the position of governor was succeeded by his brother Arima Raimoto, who was the fourth lord of the Kurume Domain. After Arima Raimoto succeeded him, he gave 10,000 stones from the main domain to his adoptive brother Arima Toyoyuki and established the Matsuzaki Domain, and the height of the Kurume Domain dropped to 200,000 stones. Arima Toyoyuki was the second son of The Lord of the Deishi Domain, Minoru Yoshishige, whose mother was the sister of Arima Tadayoshi, who was initially childless, so he adopted his nephew Arima Toyoyuki as an adopted son in the hope of inheriting the Arima clan in the future, but with the subsequent birth of Arima Tadashi's own sons Arima Reiri and Arima Raigen, Arima Toyoyuki was deposed.
Arima Raimoto
During his tenure, Arima Raimoto devoted himself to the development of Nitta and the management of rivers and rivers, with the intention of increasing fiscal revenue, but unfortunately, natural disasters occurred frequently in the domain at this time, accompanied by natural disasters such as grain harvest failures and famines, so the financial situation did not improve.
In 1688, Arima Washosuke was involved in a dispute over the heir of his brother-in-law Mutsuwata Domain lord Togata Yutaka, and was changed by the shogunate on the grounds that his relatives did not do their best to help solve it, and matsuzaki Domain was abolished, and the domain was initially returned to the shogunate, and then in 1697 it was again given the Kurume Domain, and the Ishigami of Kurume Domain was restored to 210,000 stones.
There are Martensian diagrams
In 1705, Arima died at the age of 52. The position of governor was inherited by his eldest son, Arima Raiji, who was the fifth lord of the Kurume Domain. However, laizhi succeeded to the throne only one year later, and died suddenly in 1706 at the age of 22, and with the death of Laizhi, the male bloodline since the Arima clan was severed, so the Kurume clan welcomed the establishment of the fifth son of The Kimoto Ishino No. Tsuneyoshi Arima Zewei as the last adopted son to inherit the position of governor, and was the sixth generation of the Kurume clan. The Ishino clan, like the Arima clan, came from the Akamatsu clan, and Arima Zewei's ancestor Ishino clan man (Akamatsu clan man) married arima Zerai's daughter (sister of the original lord Arima Toyo clan) as the main chamber, further deepening the connection between the two families, and at this time Arima Zerai still had the adopted son of the Arima clan (founded by Arima Toyoshi's brother Arima Toyonaga), but in fact, Arima Zewei was not actually the first choice of the Kurume clan, and the first choice was Nori's second son, Daijiro, who was initially chosen. However, due to the intervention of the shogunate, Arima Norivi was finally selected.
Arima Zevi
After Arima Zewei succeeded to the throne, in the face of the severe financial situation, he began to carry out reforms within the domain, and then wei rectified the official system within the domain, appointed capable vassals, and actively promoted a frugal policy, which effectively weakened the collegial system of the clan, strengthened the power of the clan lords, and stabilized the finances to a certain extent.
In 1729, under the influence of Ichigo and his opposition to his vassals, Arima Zewei lived in seclusion, and the position of governor was inherited by his fourth son, Arima Raitoshi, who was the seventh lord of the Kurume Domain. Arima Washi was only 16 years old when he succeeded him, and the clan administration was entrusted to the family's important ministers to take care of it, and it was not until 1737, at the age of 24, that Lai Was officially pro-government, and in the year of his pro-government, it coincided with natural disasters and starvation. It was also on the occasion of this famine that Lai began to organize the distribution of relief money and relief grain; in order to open up the way of speech, he also set up a mu'an box (opinion box) following the example of the general Tokugawa Yoshimune; at the same time, in order to enrich the entertainment life of the people, he also organized an ape music performance in the collar. However, although Arima practiced many good governments, due to the frequent disasters in Kyushu at that time, the people in various places were constantly fighting, and the Kurume clan was not spared, and in 1754, due to the collection of "people's silver" (a tax apportioned by the head), the Kurume clan broke out in the Kurume clan. Although mixed with discordant factors, in general, During arima's tenure, the Kurume Domain was relatively stable, and he studied some of the policies pursued by the yashiro shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune, so he was also known as the "Yoshimune of the Kurume Domain".
Arima Raishi
At the same time, Arima was also a well-known mathematician at that time, known as the "Great Name of Arithmetic", he himself practiced Sekiryū Arithmetic, and published the 5 volumes of the "Picking Up The Ji Algorithm" under the pseudonym of Toyoda Bunkei, representing the highest level of arithmetic at that time, in which pi was accurately calculated to 50 digits (of which 29 decimal places were correct), coupled with his outstanding upbringing, and the contemporaneous lord Mizoguchi Naomizu and Matsue Domain Lord Matsudae Munehira And called "the three names of the wind and currents"
"The Picking Algorithm"
In 1783, Arima Raiji died at the age of 70, and the position of governor was succeeded by his eldest son Arima Raiki, the eighth lord of the Kurume Domain. Arima Lai Gui is not inferior to his father, Lai Gui himself likes sumo wrestling, spending a lot of money to invite many famous sumo wrestlers to do sumo wrestling, at the same time Lai Gui also likes dogs, not only spent a lot of money to collect all the dog breeds in Japan at that time, and even imported foreign dog breeds from the Netherlands, plus Kurume Clan also needs to undertake heavy shogunate general work, so the cost, it can be said that his father's efforts during his tenure to save the family business to all the ruins, making kurume clan's finances difficult again. In the face of this situation, Lai Gui did not think about how to implement reforms to increase income, but blindly reduced the number of household ministers and increased the tribute of their subjects.
Arima is expensive
However, although Arima Isagi is absurd, it is not useless, at least the ming zendo hall he founded in 1796 can be regarded as a little contribution to the cause of education.
In 1812, Arima Laigui died at the age of 62, and due to the early death of his sister-in-law Arima Laiduan (Lai Gui's third son), the position of governor was inherited by his grandson, who was also Laiduan's eldest son, Arima Raid, who was the ninth lord of Kurume Domain. Shortly after Arima Ryder's succession, he imposed a temporary tax of 1192 koku on the people in response to the shogunate's hand-to-hand purges of the Kanto River, which shows how bad the Kurume Domain's finances were. In order to rebuild the treasury, in 1816, Ryder began to implement fiscal reforms, he promulgated a tightening fiscal policy, the financial expenditure within the domain was reduced by about 30%, although he was interested in reform, but like his grandfather, he immersed himself in his own hobbies, and from 1819, Ryder began to build Yanagihara Imperial Eagle Farm at great expense, and held many noh performances, which further deteriorated the financial situation in the domain. Due to the deterioration of finances, in 1823, there was a situation in which the staff members could not return to China due to insufficient travel expenses, and finally they were forced to urgently let the state xu Dazhuangya remit 5,000 taels to return to China smoothly. Because of this, Ryder began to implement reforms from 1824 the following year to reduce the expenditure within the domain, but due to the repeated floods in Kurume Domain in the five years from 1824 to 1828, the financial situation did not improve.
There are Mareder
In 1831, 17,446 taels of renbei silver (a tax apportioned by head) were levied within the domain. The expropriation of silver eventually caused an outbreak of the people in the territory in 1832.
In Ryder's later years, there was another major flood in the Kurume Domain, resulting in a grain harvest failure, and at the same time, the financial situation of the domain was further deteriorated by spending 10,000 taels to entertain the various countries.
Arimared died in 1844 at the age of 48. The position of governor was succeeded by his fourth son, Arima Rainaga, who was the tenth lord of kurume domain. Arima Raiyon is a rare Mingjun in kurume domain full of dark lords and dark lords, who has been intelligent and studious since childhood, and is particularly interested in Western artillery techniques. In the face of the poor financial situation in the domain, he began to actively carry out the reform of the clan government in the domain, and he planned to take advantage of the austerity of the five-year incident, the rectification of the program, the modernization of the western military system, the entry of the foreign situation, the strengthening of coastal defense, and the use of capable personnel. Unfortunately, at the beginning of the reforms, he fell ill and was said to have suffered from uremia (kidney tuberculosis). With Lai Yong's illness, the reform measures he introduced had to be suspended.
Arima Raiyon
Arima died in 1846. He died on December 31, 2012 at the age of 2 The position of governor was succeeded by his younger brother Arima Keirai (the seventh son of Ryder), the eleventh generation of the Kurume Domain and the last lord of the domain. Before Lai's death, the Mito Gakuryō group he had promoted, the Tenho Gakuryō, had a debate over the issue of succession, which eventually led to internal divisions, splitting into "Inner Comrades" headed by Murakami Tsunehiro and "Outer Comrades" headed by Masagi Hoshi, and the antagonism between Tenbo Gakuryō itself and the conservative Monmon faction within the domain, making the struggle between kurume clan courtiers increasingly fierce. At the end of the curtain, the "inner comrades" and the door valve faction tended to merge the samu and the gongwu faction, while the "outer comrades" tended to honor the king, and the two sides fought endlessly around the samu and the fallen curtain.
Arima Keirai
In 1850, murakami was slashed by Ma Yuangong, a suffragan who belonged to the "foreign comrades", and was beheaded by other courtiers.
In 1852, there was another incident in which the old man in the family who belonged to the "foreign comrades", Inaji Masamune, reported to Lai Xian that the "inner comrades" had a conspiracy to depose the lord, after the incident, Lai Xian immediately arrested Arima Changchang and others and punished them behind closed doors, but then in the trial of the case, no evidence of conspiracy was found, so Inaji Masanori was judged to be a false accusation, but was punished with a change of heart (later suicide), Maki Hoshi and others were punished with stinging, and the King of Zunyi was sent down, known as the "Jiayong Prison".
Yasuomi Maki
After the Kayaga Prison, the clan administration of Kurume Domain was controlled by the Arima Masanaga of the Gate Valve Faction and the Sakumi faction of the Murakami faction, such as Masahiro Murakami and Imai Ei, and in 1859, Masahiro Untaku became the governor of Myōzendo to promote the reform of the domain. At the same time, at the suggestion of Imai Ei, the Kurume Clan route policy was changed from the original Shōjō to enlightenment. In 1864, the domain created kaiseikata, which promoted the reform measures centered on encouraging domestic goods and developing Western-style troops, and at the same time vigorously developed the navy, purchasing seven steamships and Western-style sailing ships such as the "Yufumaru", and establishing one of the few Western-style navies in Japan at that time, using the Wakatsu Port at the mouth of the Chikugokawa River as a military port.
In 1863, Masaki Hoshito, who was in the middle of the camp, fled the premises and was arrested, and was originally about to be executed, but the Choshu clan and Nakayama Tadamitsu were pardoned after interceding. After this incident, Maki and others moved the center of their activities to Kyoto, and eventually died in the Forbidden Gate.
The Change of the Forbidden Gate
After the return of the Great Government, the power of the Zunyi faction within the domain was restored. In 1868, masahiro was assassinated by TheOkawa Masamune and other emperors of the Shōe Masayoshi faction, and at the same time, Mizuno Masanaga (inaji Masanori's brother) of the Shōgun faction became the new Suffragist, after which the Samu faction had Masanaga Arima and others imprisoned, and 10 people, including Imai Ei, were ordered to cut their abdomen.
During the Boshin War, the Kurume clan formed a "contingency" and participated in the battle as a party of the new government.
In 1668, Arima Keirai was officially renamed Arima Raikan.
From 1870 to 1871, there were two attempted coups d'état in the domain, the "Erkei Incident" and the "Kurume Domain Incident", which plotted to overthrow the Meiji government, and the Kurume domain's mansion in Edo was seized by the government, and arima Raihan, who was already the governor of the domain at the time, was imprisoned.
In 1871, kurume Prefecture became Kurume Prefecture after the abolition of the domain, and was later incorporated into Fukuoka Prefecture along with Misaki Prefecture
In 1875, Arima Laihan lived in seclusion, and the position of governor was succeeded by his son Arima Raikuan.
In 1877, Arima Laikuang lived in seclusion, and the position of governor was inherited by his brother Arima Raimi.
Arima Raven
In 1884, the Chinese Order was promulgated, and Arima Raiswan was awarded the title of Earl and included in the Chinese.