Editor's Note
The movie "My Hometown and Me" as a must-see national drama for the 2020 National Day, just today, the box office has exceeded 1.2 billion yuan, netizens commented that "the whole movie laughed 168 times" "laughing and laughing and crying", this warm and full of comedy feast, has become the first choice for accompanying everyone to celebrate the National Day holiday!
Recalling nostalgia from the film and being proud of your hometown has also become a common feeling of the audience after watching the film. On the road to a well-off society in an all-round way, more and more traditional ancient villages in Hainan have been revived, and more and more young people have chosen to return to their hometowns to invest in rural construction. Today I will take you to see three traditional villages in Hainan to see how they retain the "roots" and "souls" of traditional culture.
Luowu Village: The Mysterious "Dancing Tiger Village"
You've seen the lion dance and the dragon dance, but have you ever seen the tiger dance? In Luowu Village, there is a tiger dance team formed to commemorate the national hero Mrs. Sin, which has many legends and a strong local atmosphere, which has been passed down for more than 300 years.
Tiger dance map of Luowu Village, Sanjiang Town, Haikou. (File photo)
The Tiger Dance is also known as "Wuhu" because it is unique to Luowu Village in Sanjiang Town. From the Haiwen Expressway Sanjiangkou, take the rural cement road to Luowu Village, which can be reached after a few kilometers. When the reporter was interviewing in the village, the enthusiastic villagers performed a short performance for the reporter: two tigers fought with each other angrily for a while, as if to bring us into the picture of the weak and the strong in the animal world; After a while, the two tigers licked each other friendly, reminding us of the harmony of nature...
Feng Erxun, an old man in the village, introduced that tiger dance performance is an ancient folk art, which was popular in the Central Plains during the Southern Song Dynasty, and flowed into Hainan with immigrants in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, which lasted for hundreds of years.
Tiger Dance is based on martial arts and incorporates dance into the performance. The content of the Tiger Dance is roughly divided into arrangement, opening, single performance, double matching and other parts. The number of people in each team is as many as 20 or 30 people, each tiger is played by two people who play the role of tiger head and tiger tail, as well as the land lord and the land woman, and the rest of the people play the role of soldiers holding spears, long sticks, short sticks, double knives, large knives, long swords, as well as iron rakes, rattan cards and other weapons lined up in formation, the whole performance revolves around the theme of "human tiger fighting, human and tiger coexistence", showing people for a safe and beautiful life, conquering tigers with human wisdom and superb martial arts, and then living in harmony with tigers.
According to the relevant person in charge of the Publicity Department of the Meilan District Party Committee, the tiger dance is to commemorate Mrs. Sin and also pray for a bumper harvest, safety of people and animals, prosperity of business, and smooth wishes for all families.
The annual "Junpo" festival is the peak of tiger dance activities, from the sixth to twelfth day of the first month of the second lunar calendar, the tiger dance team travels around the village, performing the skills of tigers tumbling, falling, jumping, worshiping, ascending and high difficulty, and at the same time, the land gong holding a cane and the land woman holding a fan are also on the stage, and they follow it with dance steps similar to the song and dance with funny performance movements. The agility and dexterity of the tiger fully demonstrate the ferocity and might of the tiger, while the funny and funny performances such as scratching, shaking hair, and licking the buttocks are exquisite and cute. In the close sound of gongs and drums, the brave soldiers who play the role of soldiers wave the flag and shout, blow trumpets to cheer, and fight with the tiger with various weapons one by one, and the whole tiger dance is majestic and the scene is spectacular.
In addition to the Tiger Dance, there is also an ancient "enclosure" in the village. Because the "Walled Building" is located in Luowu Village, the villagers used to call it LuowuLou.
According to reports, Luo Wu Lou was built in 1922, more than 90 years ago, is a brick and wood structure building, Western design style, sitting north to south, the whole building is rectangular, about 60 meters long, about 20 meters wide, the construction area is more than 2,000 square meters, the main building is more than 20 floors high, more than 10 meters, the original design has 72 rooms. The entire building is surrounded by a huge wall with patios and courtyards inside.
More than 90 years of time have passed, different eras have left different imprints on Luo Wu Lou, and walking into Luo Wu Lou, the design of the building makes people feel as if they have returned to the 20s and 30s of the last century.
Liantang Village: Antique style can be seen everywhere
Walking into the Liantang Villagers Group in Xianzhai Village, Zhongyuan Town, there is a lotus pond in front of the village, which is 200 meters long and 40 meters wide on average, like the shape of a sunflower fan. It is the height of summer, the water is as clear as jade, and the lotus flowers are full of ponds.
According to historical records, the lotus pond is amazing, and it has grown several times and tilian, indicating a happy omen. Folk songs say: "The married girl wants to marry Xianzhai Village, and there are lotus seeds to cook, and there are lotus flowers to play with, and there is lotus flour to feed the seeds." ”
The "Lianfeng Chengrui" gate in Liantang Village, Zhongyuan Town, Qionghai City. Photo by Zhong Jiedong
According to the relevant person in charge of the Propaganda Department of the Qionghai Municipal Party Committee, Hetang has a history of hundreds of years, and the name of Liantang Village is derived from this.
On the shore of the lotus pond is the antique house, the most representative of which is the ancient mansion of overseas Chinese in the past hundred years - the Wang Family Compound.
The Wang Family Compound is located in the middle of Liantang Village, Xianzhai, and is the most complete overseas Chinese residence preserved among the four courtyards of overseas Chinese in Qionghai.
Built in 1927, the Wang Family Compound covers an area of 980 square meters, and the main body of the compound is a column of three longitudinal brick and wood structures, each with different functions. The east side of the hall is also a horizontal mansion of brick and wood buildings, and the door of the compound is a delicate pavilion with the style of a Nanyang arcade. The Wang family compound was funded by Wang Yezhen, a wealthy Malaysian businessman whose ancestral home was liantang village, and some of the materials were shipped back from abroad. Due to the inconvenience of transportation at that time, it took 3 years to complete.
Standing in front of the wang family compound, the Hainan Daily reporter saw that the walls of today's gatehouse are mottled, and the moss marks are wrapped around the wall, showing vicissitudes.
There is also a "ten-pillar house" in the village. In the Ming Dynasty, Xianzhai Village had the magical legend of "building nine houses at night", and nine ten-pillar houses were built overnight.
It is understood that the "ten-pillar house" is a civil brick and tile structure house supported by 10 large timber pillars, which is very strong. Liantang Village once had 9 "ten-pillar houses", and for various reasons, only 1 remains.
Walking in the village, a random view of a landscape may be a historical witness to the village. For example, the living spring well next to the lotus pond has a diameter of 1.2 meters and a depth of about 4 meters, and the well water is full over the years. If it were not for the reminder of the stone stele next to the well garden, no one would have thought that it was built in the year of Kangxi Jiashen (1680 AD), and it has been more than 330 years.
Chen Xiong, director of the Xianzhai Village Committee and secretary of the party branch, introduced that although it was funded and repaired by the descendants of Wan Xiangong, Yuan Xungong and Wang Sun, cement was used to make a well circle, which has remained intact and has never dried up.
There are still a few horse pillars in the village. The horse pillars are hewn from marble on both sides of the vestibule of the Ancestral Ancestral Hall of Xiangxian Yuexuan, 160 cm high (except for the part buried in the foundation), 13 cm thick and 53 cm wide, and the double sides of the column are decorated with shallow lines carved around it, and a small square hole of 5 cm long is chiseled above.
Chen Xiong introduced that because The Duke of Yuexuan gave the title of "Xiangxian", the descendants appeared in Zhixian County, and there were many officials and secretaries of state who came to visit, which were set up for the convenience of officials and guests to tie horses, so it was called "tethered horse pillars".
Nowadays, there are many sages in the village, such as Wang Shiguo, the inheritor of the coconut beard making technique of the intangible cultural heritage project in Hainan Province.
Wang Shiguo originally studied clocks and watches in the Music Club Handicraft Society for more than 40 years, and was an eight-level technician, and was quite famous nowadays. Usually love to blow and pull, proficient in a variety of musical instruments, and play the technical expertise, the use of coconut shells in the village to make coconut beard, mostly used by connoisseurs to collect. In 2008, two pieces of coconut beard he produced were selected for display at the Hainan Pavilion of the Shanghai World Expo and were well received.
Liuke Village: A Cai Family House, a condensed version of "Lower Nanyang"
In Liuke Village, deep in the bamboo forest, there is a Nanyang-style mansion, which is the first house in Hainan Qiao Township - Cai Family House. The Lu family compound, which is across the field from the Cai family house, constitutes the most attractive cultural landscape of Liuke Village.
Qionghai Boao Liuke Village Cai Family Compound. Photo by Lee Hsin-juan
Cai family house covers an area of about 3 acres, construction area of more than 1200 square meters, sitting southeast to northwest, split the mountain and built. In front of the door a hongwa grass pond is a lotus pond, the whole house looks like a castle, by two large houses surrounded by two-story horizontal houses, a total of more than 80 doors, more than 100 windows and size 50 rooms, its ring structure is very compact and firm, the surrounding rooms up and down the stairs are equipped with gun holes, and the 8-meter-high hall is a typical cross-level hall. After climbing two stairs to burn incense and worship the ancestors, the colorful pattern floor tiles laid in the hall are still dazzling. 72 years have passed, except for the decay of the second floor slab and a slight peeling off of the exterior color, basically retaining the original appearance.
The combination of Chinese and Western is the obvious style of Cai family house architecture, green brick tiles plus reinforced cement, the front eaves of the upper and lower houses have both ancient Chinese coins and palace lamp sculptures, and Western three-dimensional flower plates and ancient Roman head sculptures, the roof not only retains the roof ridge of Hainan houses, but also boldly uses the Western circular change pattern and lets the flower tube blend in, making the entire roof unique and beautiful.
Wandering in the Cai family's old mansion, breathing in the fresh air of the countryside, and touching the old Chen Tai will always remind people of the builders of this ancient house. The 65-year-old Cai Wang Pujun, the granddaughter-in-law of Cai Jiasen, is very proud to say: "This is the famous Indonesian rich businessman and overseas Chinese leader Cai Jiasen who returned to his hometown in 1934 and has a history of more than 80 years." ”
Cai Wang Pujun introduced that most of the houses in Hainan are sitting in the northwest to the east, while the Cai family mansion is unusual, and one sits southeast and northwest. It is said that the Cai family house spent a total of 4 large cabinets of light and ocean, in addition to bricks, tiles and wood as local materials, reinforced cement, floor tiles are shipped back from abroad and Hong Kong. After the mansion was built, Cai Jiasen threw a banquet and asked the opera class to sing and celebrate for a few days. Cai Jiasen was a director of the Qiongzhou Society in Mengjiaxi City, Indonesia, and was invited by the Chinese government to Beijing in the 1960s as a representative of Indonesian Chinese businessmen to attend the National Day ceremony, and died in Indonesia in 1975 at the age of 90. Dozens of his children and grandchildren are still living in Indonesia, the family business is prosperous, the family road is prosperous, every New Year's Festival, the descendants of the Cai family will return to their ancestral home "Jiyang Hall" to burn incense and worship their ancestors, and live for a period of time to commemorate "Zu De is as heavy as a mountain, and Zong En is like the depth of the sea".
According to the relevant person in charge of the Boao Town Government, in order to protect the Cai family house, in 2006, Boao Town invested more than 200,000 yuan to build a civilized ecological village in Liuke Village, built a hard plate village road, erected a "Cai Jiasen Luxury House Introduction Card", and also built a 3-kilometer road from The Great Le Bridge to Liuke Village.
Nowadays, there is an endless stream of people visiting the Cai family mansion, including domestic and foreign tourists, experts, scholars, media reporters, etc., and everyone praises its unique architectural style of Chinese and Western integration.
Original title:
Three ancient villages in Hainan were selected for the list of traditional Chinese villages
Preserving the "roots" and "souls" of traditional culture
(This article was originally published in Hainan Daily Hainan Weekly on June 11, 2018, see slightly abridged)
Jointly planned by Hainan Daily New Media and Hainan Daily Hainan Weekly
Author: Ding Ping Special Correspondent: Chen Dejun
Duty Director: Chu Yu
Duty Director: Zhang Yi
Editor-in-Charge: Min Huang