A preliminary study of the origins between the Ma clan in Lingnan, Guangdong and the Ma clan in Leping, Jiangxi
Ma Shui Jin
Most of the Lingnan Ma clans in Guangdong have Zhibei Dumaduan as their ancestors. "Gong, 讳端, 字至正,号 straight north." Song Jinshi (宋進士), courtesy name Chaofeng Dafu,was originally from Fenshui Township, Xiangfu County, Kaifeng Province, Henan Province. Song Nandu, with The Dragon to Hang, Yuanyuan (according to: should be Jin Bing) military rebellion, Righteous from the king's body martyrdom, enjoyed eighty-one life, Zong Concubine with her eldest son to hold the country is equivalent to Jianyan's initial entry into Guangzhou, Chengcheng, from Hangfu Coffin to Xinhui Gangcheng, Gong and Concubine Deng Lin clan were buried together in Huiyi Gui de Du Jinggen Township, the local name of dama sprinkled sleeping dog shape Yi Yuan.
Lingnan has two meanings, "that is, the surface of the ridge and the outside of the ridge, referring to the area south of the Five Ridges, which is in the present-day Guangdong and Guangxi provinces and the northern part of Vietnam." The name of Tangfang Town. In the first year of the German Dynasty (756), the seat of government was established in Guangzhou (present-day Guangzhou, Guangdong). ”
"Guangzhou, the Three Kingdoms of Wu Yong'an in the seventh year (264), the seat of government in Panyu County (present-day Guangzhou, Guangdong). In the twelfth year of the Sui Kai Emperor (592), he moved to Qujiang County (on the west bank of the Wushui River in present-day Shaoguan City, Guangdong), moved to Nanhai County (present-day Guangzhou) at the end of the Kai Emperor's reign, and changed it to Fan Prefecture in the first year of Renshou (601). In the fourth year of Tang Wude (621), it was changed to Nanhai Commandery, in the first year of Tianbao (742) it was changed to Nanhai County, in the first year of Qianyuan (758) it was still called Guangzhou, and in the second year of Qianning (895) it was changed to the Qing Navy. "Yuan changed to a road, and Ming changed to a province." The territory of the Qing Dynasty is now Longmen, Zengcheng, Dongguan and Shenzhen in the east, Qingyuan in the north, Xinhui and Taishan in the west, and Haihai in the south. ”
Because the earliest thing we can see at present is now in the Feng Pingshan Library of the University of Hong Kong, according to the 17th year of Qing Daoguang (1837) manuscript "Shunde Ma Clan Genealogy", we often say that the Lingnan Ma clan here refers to the Ma clan in the Guangzhou area of the Qing Dynasty.
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the Leping Ma clan crossed the river from Huangmei in Hubei to Raozhou, Jiangxi. Ma Lang, the thirty-eighth ancestor of the Ma clan (with Zhao Hao as the first ancestor), "when Yang Pu, the king of Wu, guarded shimen town as a tooth general" ("Fufeng Ma Clan Genealogy"). Yang Yi (901-938), son of Yang Xingmi, was the monarch of the State of Wu in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, when Rao Prefecture was returned to Wu, and in the third year of Tianzuo (937) Yang Hanchan was located in Li Fang, the State of Wu fell, and Rao Prefecture was returned to southern Tang. Ma Lang, Ma Yan, and Ma Zhao's three grandchildren crossed the Yangtze River in the south and came to Raozhou, Jiangxi With their families. “...... Lang Shengyan, Shi Nan Tang as Sikong, Zhi Rao Prefecture, died rao zhi YongpingGuan. Rao has a ma clan since lang. Written by the former grandson of the Former Jinshi Right Chancellor of poyang, the founding duke of Poyang. ”
"Raozhou Fuzhi · Construction History": The Three Kingdoms wu divided Yuzhang county to Poyang County, Jin to Guangjin County; Liang and Wu prefecture, Chen abolished. The Sui Dynasty abolished Poyang County and replaced it with Rao Prefecture, which was named after its abundant products. Daye was initially restored to Poyang County, Tang Dynasty was Raozhou, belonged to Jiangnan West Province, Tianbao was initially changed to Poyang County, Qianyuan was initially replaced by Raozhou, in the fifth dynasty, Southern Tang placed Yongping Army, Song was still Raozhou, subordinate to Jiangxi South East Road, Yuan sheng was Raozhou Road, belonging to Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces. In the early Ming Dynasty (Ming Dynasty), it was changed to Poyang Prefecture and then changed to Rao Prefecture Prefecture, which was subordinate to the Jiangxi Cloth Political Envoy Department, and led the six counties (Poyang, Yugan, Leping, Fuliang, Dexing, Anden).
Judging from the origin of the Lingnan Ma clan and the Leping Ma clan, they are both from Fufeng, and both worship the Eastern Han Fubo general Ma Yuan. However, since the Northern Song Dynasty, it is obvious that there are two lines, and it seems that the two Ma clans are not much related. So why is this article about lingnan and Leping Ma's guan itin?
This is because through the comparative study of the Ma clan genealogy and local history of the two places and related national histories, the Ma clan of the two places really has a relationship!
"Yang Jiaoma Clan Genealogy Zhi" Yun: "....(Honggong Gu Xue) The second son Tingxiu with the Liang clan, that is, the Sanjia FangZuye, originally lived in Zhujie Lane, Shashui Village, Nanxiong Prefecture. Because on the first day of September in the ninth year of emperor Xianchun of the Song Dynasty, the imperial concubine incident began, my ancestor from his brother Tingluan Duke to the right chancellor, ordered to migrate south, Si Shigu Xuezu and Concubine Huang clan and Ting Gui (Ting Xiu brother), Wang clan have died successively, An Cuo in Shashui Village, so they all bequeathed nephew Wei Ming and nine brothers from the brothers to the south, each of them separated. My ancestors moved to Yangjiao Township, married the Shui teng Liang clan, and had two children, Chang Weizheng and Ci Weilian. His nephew Weiming moved to Shangxuan Township, Nanhai County. ”
The genealogy calls Ting Luan the brother of Ting Xiu, which is not because everyone is surnamed Ma. "Interpretation of the Name" Yun: "The father's brother is the father of the world, and the word is the succession of the world....The father's uncle's parents are from the grandparents." "Being able to call him a brother shows that there must be a blood relationship between the two of them."
Shunde Yang Jiao's "Ma Clan Genealogy and Discussion of Shulang Zhongma Junjifu From the Tomb Table (Guangdong Admiral Xuezheng, Libu Shilang Zhu Zumou) and Yun: "Shunde Ma Junle Xin, birth mother Lady Chen Da, died before she died of mourning, and Lady Peiliang was buried in the original of the Longyan Cave of Panyu Lubusi, and was buried for ten years and six years. ....the ancestors of Raozhou, Jiangxi, Song Xianchunzhong, there were Sizhen (Sizhen Tingxiu, the second ancestor of ma clan who moved to Nanxiong Prefecture) moved to Nanxiong, Guangdong, and then avoided the army and stopped at Yang Jiao's family in Shunde" (This genealogy is a transcript, which is stored in the Rare Books Office of the Literature Special Collection Department of the Zhongshan Library of Guangdong Province).
The Genealogy of the YangJiao Ma Clan mentions that Sizhen Duke was "born in Raozhou, Jiangxi", while Leping belonged to Poyang County, Raozhou. Ting Luan Gong "Original Surname" Yun: "Rao Zhi You Ma Clan from lang gong", Leping Ma clan are all after Lang Gong, so is lingnan Ma clan the same as Leping Ma clan from Lang Gong? We have not found a definite pair of nodes at this time. Ma Duan, the ancestor of the Lingnan Ma clan, was born in Xiangfu County, Kaifeng Province, Henan, and is there a contradiction between this and the "ancestral origin of Raozhou, Jiangxi"?
"Genealogy of the Yang Jiaoma Clan" Yun: "The three generations of gong (holding the country) were started by eunuchs, and at the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, they were repeatedly burned by soldiers, which was the autumn of the country's troubles, so that the martyrdom of the country, so the ancestors of the previous generation died and landed, and there were many strategies written during the public birth, which was (therefore) the name of the public in the Song Dynasty. "The genealogy talks about the ancestors of the Zhibei Gong is not detailed, probably since the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty before the origin is not clear, the region only records the relocation from Xiangfu County, Kaifeng Province, Henan, where did Ma Shi come from before coming to Xiangfu? It's also unclear.
Interestingly, however, Ma Zun (the 7th ancestor of the Song Dynasty) was an official in Kaifeng County during the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty (as recorded in the Genealogy of the Leping Ma Clan). Wang Anshi wrote the "Epitaph of the Official Wailang Ma Cemetery" Yun: "Ma Jun Zhen Zun, Zi Zhongtu, Shijia Raozhou Leping." As for the court, the book is the first. Shou Secretary Provincial School Scrivener, Zhihong Prefecture of Fengxin County, Moved to Kangzhou. When it was, Tianzi put more ministers in place, wanted to do something, and sought talents to inspect the roads, while the Junzi Dali Temple, except for the prince Zhongyun and the Fujian Road transit judges, did not go to the worries, worried about the elimination, knew Kaifeng County, and sent judges for Jianghuai, Jinghu, and the two Zhejiang systems. ...... Shou Kaifeng, often with the power of the magnate to entrust the incurable, the guest to the request, the king is good to meet, nothing to refuse. Guests retreat, depending on their affairs, once they are judged, they live for a long time, and people know that the king cannot belong to him privately, and the county has nothing to do. ”
"Kaifeng County, Qin Prefecture, the seat of government in present-day southern Kaifeng, Henan." The Northern Wei Dynasty Taiping Zhenjun was abolished in the eighth year (447), restored in the first year of Jingming (500), abolished in the first year of Tang Zhenguan (627), and restored in the first year of Yanhe (712), and moved to the present-day city of Kaifeng. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, it was abolished into Xiangfu County. In 1913, Kaifeng County was re-established, and the seat of government was in present-day Zhuxian Town.
Xiangfu County, in the third year (1010) of the Northern Song Dynasty, was changed to Junyi County, and the seat of government was present-day Kaifeng City, Henan. In 1913, it was renamed Kaifeng County. That is to say, Kaifeng County and Xiangfu County were originally the same place. The Zhibei Gongma Duan began to move from Xiangfu County, Henan, and it just so happened that Ma Zun, a scholar of Longtuge, was also an official in Kaifeng County, is this a coincidence, or is it inevitable?
In addition, the Duke of Tingluan instructed ma to move south because of the "imperial concubine incident".
He Dayun wrote the Nanxiong Shuimu Ji (南雄水木記) Yun: "Duan Pingjian, (He's) brothers lived in Nanxiong Baochang Zhujie Lane, until Emperor Duzong Xianchun's eighth year nongshen (1272) edict made the noble concubine Hu a nun. Nine years of decoction, Hu clan is crazy, out of the county drowning. Jia Xiang Dao played folk collection, and the great suozhi. On the first day of October, the people were afraid and the whole clan fled. When there is no boat, my grandfather brother cut bamboo into rows, and drifted by the current....."
The migration of the Ho clan is also due to the "Imperial Princess Incident", and the record of the event and the record of the Ma clan are very consistent in time and event.
The "Eighth Year of Emperor Xianchun of the Jingxiao Emperor of the Reign of Emperor Duzong" records that in August of the eighth year of Xianchun (1272), Xin Wei, who had something to do with Ming Tang, took Jia Xiangdao as the envoy. Li Cheng, Yi Jing Ling Palace. Will also, heavy rain, like the Dao period emperor rain to stop the ascension, Hu Gui's concubine's brother with imperial instruments to show the ancestors, please as the Kaixi story, but ge, take the leisure to return to the palace. Di Ri: 'Pingzhang is indispensable?' 'The Day of the Manifest Ancestors: 'Pingzhang has been allowed.' 'The emperor returned. It seems that the Day of Great Anger: 'The minister is a great envoy, and His Majesty's actions must not be presumptuous, and he begs to resign from the government.' 'That is, when the sun rises at the Gate of Jiahui, the emperor cannot stay, but he strikes the ancestors, and weeps out of the noble concubine as a nun, as if the tao began to return. ”...... Eleventh, Ma Tingluan strangled Jia Xiangdao, lici xiang, Yi Di, granted Guan Wendian University scholar, Zhi Rao Prefecture.
When Hu Guifei was expelled as a nun, it happened in August, when Ting Luan Gong was still the right minister. In this way, the matter of the "imperial concubine" has also been confirmed in China's large-scale historical books. It can be seen that the interaction between Lingnan and Leping's Ma clan is not empty, and the origin of the Ma clan in the two places may have its actual basis.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, there were already many branches of the Leping Ma clan moving out, and if it is said that the Lingnan Ma clan and the Leping Ma clan were divided into two lines, it is very likely that they were in the Northern Song Dynasty. Judging from the origin of the "Genealogy of the Yang Jiao ma clan", its "ancestors were from Raozhou, Jiangxi", and the Leping people of Raozhou went to Kaifeng County as an official, Kaifeng was merged into Xiangfu County in the Ming Dynasty, and when the Qing people revised the genealogy, the so-called Xiangfu County included Kaifeng County. But whether the two places are necessarily related to this, we will continue to investigate, this is only a possibility. But no matter when, the Leping Ma clan and the Lingnan Ma clan are in the same vein, and it is certain that they are Fufeng Shizhi.
Ma Manqi, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, is also from the Lingnan Ma clan and a descendant of the Ma clan in Zhujie Lane.
Ma Dechang's "Memory of Yang Jiao": According to genealogical records, in the ninth year of Song Xianchun (1274), several uncles and nephews of the third generation of the Lingnan Ma clan ancestor Zhibei Gong settled here. When the village was opened, the four houses were: Changfang Gutaizu, the second room Puquan zu, the third room Dingguo zu, the four rooms Rongbo zu, and the joint water vine of the city, the family temple house, the ancestor of the He ethnic group was called "Huixi Zu", and the hall name was "Ma Liucheng Hall".
Yang Jiao is the only natural village in Shunde that has been recognized and has the surname of Ma. There are nearly 2,000 ethnic groups in the village, and after more than 700 years of breeding, the branches are Xiqiao Mountain Top House, Biyun House, Nanzhuang Shangcun House, Shui Teng IX Horse House, Shen Tai Fang, Luo Sha Xin Tian Horse House, Le Liu Huang Lian Fang, Shatou Shijiang House, Guangzhou South Bank, Shijing, Sha Chung and so on.
Mr. Ma Manqi's ancestral home is Nan'an Village, Nanhai County, Guangdong Province, and Mr. Ma has been for more than ten generations. "Nan'an Village was subordinate to Nanhai County in the late Qing Dynasty and early Minchu. ...... At the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Panyu County Government was located in Shiqiao Town, the Nanhai County Government was located in Foshan Town, and Mr. Ma Manqi's hometown of Nan'an Village was included in the suburbs of Guangzhou. In the 1970s, the south bank was officially transferred to the jurisdiction of the Liwan District Government of Guangzhou. Therefore, Mr. Ma Manqi said that he was a South China Sea person, but he was actually a South Sea person in Guangzhou. ”
This article mainly explores the origin of Lingnan Ma's and Leping's Ma's, as for how deep the relationship between the two places' Ma's is, it remains to be continuously exchanged, exchanged and developed.
Citations for this article:
"Genealogy of Yang Jiao's New Land Jianliang Ancestors", compiled by Ma Shiqiong in the second year of the Great Qing Dynasty.
Published by Jiangxi Education Publishing House, Institute of Historical Geography, Fudan University, Editorial Board of Dictionary of Chinese Historical Geographical Names. The first edition was published in August 1986 and the first printing in September 1986.
Ci Hai, 1989 miniature.
"Fufeng Ma Clan Genealogy , Fufeng Ma Clan Original Surname Order", the twelfth year of the Republic of China (1924) wooden movable type.
"Raozhou FuZhi" Ming Zhengde edition. Tianyi Pavilion Collection Of Ming Dynasty Fangzhi Selected Periodicals Continued Edition 44, Shanghai Bookstore. According to the photocopy of the Mingde engraving, the original book version has a frame height of 218 mm and a width of 150 mm, and the volume of three volumes is missing four pages.
"Explanation of The Name Of the Evidence Supplement", (Eastern Han) Liu Xi, (Qing) Bi Yuan,Wang Xianqian supplement. Published by Zhonghua Book Company, the first edition in June 2008 and the first printing in Beijing in June 2008.
"The Genealogy of the Chinese National Genealogy , Ma Shi Shunde Yang Jiao Ma Clan Genealogy Is Not Divided into Volumes": The cultivators are ominous. Republic of China Manuscript, 1 volume. It remains until 1908. This spectrum is only listed in the world and disorderly, and then there is a directive from Shunde Zhi County on fighting a lawsuit in 1915. It exists in Zhongshan Library, The Association of Descendants of The Southward Migration in Zhujie Lane, Nanxiong City, Guangdong Province (copy), and the Genealogical Society of Utah, USA. (General Catalogue of Chinese Genealogy, Vol. 4, p. 2014, edited by Shanghai Library and edited by Wang Heming.) Shanghai Century Publishing Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House. The first edition was published in December 2008 and the first printing in December 2008. This book is an excellent project of the National Social Science Foundation of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, this book is a global Chinese literature resources co-construction and sharing cooperation project, this book is funded by the National Committee for the Collation of Ancient Books in Colleges and Universities, and the publication of this book has been funded by the Special Fund for the Collation and Publication of Ancient Books by the State. Later references to the title of the book are abbreviated as "Genealogical General Catalogue". ）
"Linchuan Anthology", the complete book of the Four Libraries. Jilin Publishing Group Co., Ltd. The first edition was published in May 2005 and the first printing in May 2005.
"Continued Zizhi Tongjian", (Qing) Bi Yuan, ed., Qian Daxin and other proofreading. Published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, the first edition in May 1987 and the sixth printing in May 1991. p. 1009.
Genealogy of the Yang Jiao Ma Clan, compiled in mid-spring 2009.
Xie Changqing, Biography of Ma Manqi, pp. 3-4, China Literature and History Publishing House. The first edition in Beijing in February 1998 and the first printing in February 1998.