In the figurative ruins of the broken wall, a period of submerged splendor was obscured, who could have imagined that the old city and old building nearly a hundred years ago were the place where the "Jinzhou Incident" that shocked the world occurred, and it was closely related to the modern history of China in the 1930s!
In the blink of an eye, ninety years have passed-----
Great essay on history
"My Jinzhou My Country"
——The tough narrative of the "Jinzhou Incident" in modern Chinese history
Serial number two
3. Rediscover Jinzhou from the ancient road
Just when Northeast Jiaotong University was booming, unexpectedly, the wind and clouds changed sharply, and Chinese history entered 1931!
On September 18, 1931, the 918 Incident broke out in the northeast that shocked China and foreign countries. After the September 18 Incident, teachers and students of Northeastern University took refuge in customs. Later, he borrowed the Beiping Southern Terracotta Warriors and Horses Division Tax Supervision Office in Beijing to resume school.
On January 1, 1932, 150 students from Northeast Jiaotong University in Jinxian County fled to Beiping. In February 1932, Northeastern University borrowed the Guang'anmen Campus of Beijing Normal University to accommodate more than 150 students of Northeast Jiaotong University (Jinzhou) and set up the College of Transportation, with Liu Baizhao as acting dean. In March, Dean Liu Baizhao resigned and appointed Cao Guoqing as dean of the Grammar School and acting dean of the School of Communications. In June, Feng Yong University and Northeast Jiaotong University, which were exiled in Peiping, were merged into Northeastern University, and the site of the former Army University occupied by them was allocated by the Military Commission of the Kuomintang as the main campus of Northeastern University, the Zhangyimen campus was the first branch, and the Nanmashuaisi school building was the second branch. On July 1 of the same year, it was moved to No. 5 Chongyuanguan (the site of the former Army University) in Xizhimenli, Beiping. In July, 231 students of the fifth batch of Northeastern University graduated.
On December 9, 1935, under the leadership of the Peking Provisional Working Committee of the Communist Party of China, thousands of Students in Peking shouted slogans such as "Stop the Civil War and Resist Japan in Unison", "Down with Japanese Imperialism", "Recover Northeast China" and other slogans, and held a huge anti-Japanese patriotic demonstration!
Northeastern University, Feng Yong University, Northeast Merchant Marine University, Northeast Jiaotong University and other exiled students were also in the Demonstration Procession in Peiping, and soon a large number of police gendarmes quickly arrived. Waiting at the intersection, the water guns sprayed a strong column of water, straight at the thinly clad students, and then the police rushed into the parade, waving their batons to disperse the parade.
To this day, I still vividly remember that in the novel "Song of Youth" by the writer Yang Mo, a vivid description of the northeastern college students who fled to Beiping.
On that Chinese New Year's Eve night, there were more than a dozen young exiles from the northeast gathered there. These people are all college students, members of the "Drama League", a peripheral organization of the Communist Party, and there are also communists. Yang Mo was gathered with so many patriotic young people, and her heart was shaken for the first time. Hearing their incisive analysis of domestic and international events woke me up, a young man who was seeking the truth and wandering astray— ah, life is not all dark, life is not all backwater! It turns out that the Chinese Communists are fighting in blood to save the dying motherland and for the birth of a beautiful society! ("Youth is Beautiful") That Chinese New Year's Eve night is a new milestone on yang Mo's life road. This landmark scene is artistically reproduced in the eleventh chapter of the first part of The Song of Youth.
Who can say clearly, from the typical figures of that generation of young people, such as Lu Jiachuan, Xu Ning, Bai Liping, Cui Xiuyu and other exiled college students in Northeast China, there is no shadow of our Northeastern Jiaotong University students?
After Northeastern University retreated to the interior, Mr. Liu Baizhao insisted on leading the Eastern Masters and students to and from all over Guannei until they returned to Shenyang after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.
On September 23, 1931, Zhang Xueliang telegraphed the Northeast Military and Political Command Center to the west, and set up the Office of the Commander-in-Chief of the Northeast Border Defense Army and the Office of the Liaoning Provincial Government in Jinzhou, with Zhang Zuoxiang acting as the commander-in-chief of the Border Defense Army and Mi Chunlin acting as the chairman of the Liaoning Provincial Government. After receiving the task from Beiping to organize the provincial government office in Jinzhou, Mi Chunlin arrived in Jinzhou on September 27, where he met with the exiled officials of the former provincial government and recruited a group of office personnel from western Liaoning to immediately devote himself to intense work. Mi Chunlin chose the then Northeast Jiaotong University building (now Jinzhou Railway High School) as the office location.
"IX. 18, 9. "From that tragic time, because of the Nationalist government's policy of non-resistance, overnight, Fengtian fell and Jilin fell------
At the same time, from the 19th onwards, the Kwantung Army captured more than 20 large and small cities along the South Manchuria Railway, such as Andong, Fenghuang, Yingkou, Dashiqiao, Benxi, Fushun, Wafangdian, Gaiping, Haicheng, Liaoyang, Anshan, Tieling, Kaiyuan, Changtu, Siping, Gongzhuling, Xiongyue, Tongliao, Zhengjiatun, Niuzhuang, Xinmin Taonan, etc., plundering more than a thousand miles, and the vast northeast, like dominoes, continued to avalanches, avalanches, and avalanches!
Looking through the annals of that year and seeing a set of staggering numbers left behind, it is still heart-wrenching today. The official property of the Northeastern authorities of 1.7 billion silver dollars, as well as the country's largest arsenal that can produce the world's most advanced light and heavy conventional weapons, 262 aircraft of the Northeast Border Defense Army, more than 3,000 artillery pieces, and more than 120,000 light weapons of various types, all collected in the pockets of the Japanese Kwantung Army in the blink of an eye. Zhang Xueliang never dreamed that the family business that their father and son had been operating in the northeast for many years would be lost overnight.
The double pressure of national hatred and family hatred made Zhang Xueliang vicissitudes overnight.
Zhang Xueliang urgently requested the Nationalist government to move the Liaoning Provincial Government Office and the Office of the Commander-in-Chief of the Northeast Border Defense Army to Jin County. In this way, history has no choice, rises on the occasion of the defeat of the army, obeys the great historical responsibility between the dangers, and settles in Jinzhou!
So, where are the specific offices of the military and political departments located?
——History chose Northeast Jiaotong University!
Therefore, jin county at that time, with the strength of one city, with the "Dragon City Flying General" above the "Land of China", crossed the sword and immediately resisted the Wukou Duyin Mountain!
At that time, Jinzhou was only a county, and there was no difference between big and small in administration from the counties in western Liaoning, so why did Zhang Xueliang put the military and government administration in Jinxian instead of elsewhere?
This is because jinzhou's historical status, geographical location, transportation advantages, including people's hearts and minds and other factors are determined.
From the historical road, people have rediscovered Jinzhou!
Jinzhou, an important town on the Ancient Road in western Liaoning, is the hub of the two railways of Bac Ninh and Jin Dynasty, which communicates the key points of communication inside and outside the Guanxi And is a key barrier to defend China. In the eyes of Chinese and foreign strategists, it is a natural dividing line between the Central Plains and the Northeast.
As early as 1900, Liang Qichao pointed out in the "Narrative of Chinese History" that the most intimate relationship between geography and history is the most important thing that historians should pay attention to.
Jinzhou, on the other hand, is precisely on this geopolitical dividing line.
On the link point outside the Guanxi Pass, Jinzhou is like a banner, uniquely and irreplaceably erected, fluttering, and showing, like a potentially indestructible sign, giving an identity and identification of the Chinese nation. It can be argued that since the Liao, Jin, Ming, and Qing dynasties, Jinzhou has been an inflection point in history.
The ancient road of the past is not history, and history is not equal to the past. The "past" can only be interpreted and become "history" after it has been told. History is the rediscovery of the chaos of the past, or the invention of connections, patterns, meanings, and orders. If we are immersed in the existing discourse without doubt or criticism, we become prisoners of the old history and it is impossible to produce a new history. The vast, mixed past is given meaning, and the very small, tiny part that is told is what we call "history." The history that is told is no longer the same as the past. The countless directions and countless clues of the past have been reduced to a single direction and a single clue of history.
The innumerable participants of the past are reduced to a minority and its elite, the protagonist and the central character appear, and purpose and meaning are born.
With this choice, the young marshal suddenly upgraded Jinxian County, where the military and political departments of Liaoning Province are located, from a county to a provincial capital, so the Japanese government and outside public opinion called it the Jinzhou provincial government. Suddenly, Jinzhou, a small city, was pushed to the forefront of big history!
As the forefront of history, Jinzhou Province has also successively launched a character who has appeared in response to the call of the times.
He's Huang Xiansheng!
At that time, the acting governor Mi Chunlin, the commander of the Northeast Border Defense, Zhang Zuoxiang, and later Rong Zhen, both left Jin one after another, and really sat in charge of the work, and it was General Huang who served as the commander-in-chief of the front.
At the critical moment of national peril, the day after the "918" incident occurred, the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the CPC issued the "Declaration of the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the CPC on the Armed Occupation of Manchuria by Japanese Imperialism," which immediately told the people of the world the truth about the "918" incident; on September 20, the CPC Central Committee issued the "Declaration on the Incident of the Communist Party of China's Violent Occupation of the Three Eastern Provinces for Japanese Imperialism," calling on the toiling masses of workers, peasants, and soldiers throughout China to "unite in mobilizing their armed forces to give serious answers to the Japanese bandits and all imperialism." Expel imperialism out of China! ”
Can it be said that Huang Xiansheng is sober and the first person to stand up? Because he was deeply inspired by the Communist Party's call for armed resistance to Japan, he actively mobilized the people of western Liaoning to form a volunteer army to resist Japan in Jinzhou. With the support of Zhang Xueliang and the assistance of Liu Lanbo, a member of the Communist Party of China who was then the secretary of the Liaoning Provincial Government, at the end of September 1931, he personally presided over a meeting of the directors of the public security bureaus of the eight counties of Jinxi, Yixian, Beizhen, Montenegro, Xingcheng, Suizhong, Panshan, and Tai'an at the Jinzhou Military and Political Bureau, and demanded that the counties rectify the militia groups, which were the basis for the formation of anti-Japanese volunteer armies in various localities. It was also decided to form a provincial public security cavalry corps to prepare to meet the western invading Japanese army.
In early October, Huang Xiansheng and Xiong Fei held a secret meeting at the Fuxinsheng Department Store on Jinzhou North Street (now Jinzhou North Street) and decided to create the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army in Western Liaoning, studied and formulated a programmatic document for the formation of a volunteer army, drafted by Liu Lanbo, and in the name of the Liaoning Provincial Police Department, formulated the "Plan for The Integration and Addition of the Committee", referred to as the "Editorial Committee Plan", which was issued to all counties. The plan allows popular patriots to recruit and give them ranks.
In particular, the "Plan for The Merger and Compilation of the Committee" he presided over and formulated created various anti-Japanese volunteer armies in western Liaoning and launched the "Jinzhou Defense War" twice. It is no wonder that The Sun falsely calls it "the first person on the Great Wall of Flesh and Blood".
I personally think that the historical significance of Huang Xiansheng is that in that era, when the whole northeast as a whole was on the verge of falling, he represented the sobriety of a China with his own light, not only illuminating Jinzhou in the ancient road, illuminating the northeast in the cracks of history, but also illuminating the world that should not be silent!
If, without Huang Xiansheng's men standing up in Jinzhou, could a chinese history have been tampered with? It is precisely because history has not happened that such a hypothesis makes people ignore the great significance of his wonderful appearance.
Under the call of Huang Xiansheng's national righteousness and the supply of actual guns and bullets, the Liaoxi Volunteer Army mushroomed!
Fortunately, history has remembered the spiritual shape of these volunteer leaders Gao Pengzhen, Ma Zidan, Song Jiuling and others.
Partial history has always been very stingy with them, and can only appear in local chronicles, and the injustice of this kind of legacy history makes people sigh.
However, at the moment, does anyone still know Huang Xiansheng's name? When people stroll through the Northeast Jiaotong University Heritage Park, will they think that at their feet, the national hero Huang Xiansheng is resting in loneliness and loneliness------
The times are still calling: "Where is the Dragon City Flying General now?" "The spiritual statue of Huang Xiansheng will always stand on the land of Jinzhou!"
- To be continued
Author: Bai Xuesheng, a national first-class writer, former vice chairman of the Liaoning Dramatists Association, member and director of the plenary committee of the Liaoning Writers Association, is a member of the China Writers Association, the China Dramatists Association, the China Television Artists Association, the China Qu Artists Association, the China Musicians Association, the China Science and Education Film and Television Association, the former chairman of the Jinzhou Municipal Federation of Literature and Literature, and the honorary chairman of the Jinzhou Writers Association. Expert visiting professor of Bohai University, cultural consultant of Jinzhou Municipal CPPCC, etc. He has been re-elected as a representative of the National Literary Congress, the Writers' Congress and the Drama Congress, and the winner of the "Five One Project Award" of the Central Propaganda Department, the Starlight Award of the Ministry of Radio, Film and Television, and the Wenhua Award, and his works have been selected for many times in the teaching materials of national professional art colleges and universities and middle and primary schools.
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