On September 11, 1973, the Chilean rebels used planes and tanks to shell the Palazzo La Moneda in turn, they attacked not the aggressor but their own president, the President of Chile gave his last speech on the radio, in this life-and-death speech did not angrily scold but was full of sad disappointment, after which he rejected the military's proposal to let him go abroad, said goodbye to the only 17 members of the Presidential Guard, and disbanded them one by one, ending his life with the AK rifle that Castro gave him. He was Allende, and at the moment he ended his life, I wondered if he had ever thought back on his life.
Born on 26 June 1908 in Valparaíso, the most intellectual port city, Allende was influenced by socialist thought, German philosophy and Russian anarchism in his youth.
On April 19, 1933, Allende participated in the establishment of the Socialist Party of Chile and served as chairman of the Valparaiso Municipal Party. In 1397, Allende successfully ran for parliament and officially abandoned medicine to enter politics. In 1939, he became Minister of Health in the government of leftist President Zelda. He was elected to the Senate in 1945 and re-elected until he was re-elected president of the Senate in 1966.
In 1970, Allende was finally elected president of Chile, and if this time did not succeed, he would engrave on his tombstone: the late Chilean president, Allende, who was not elected. Because he had participated in three elections before this, and he represented the Chilean leftist power, the People's Unity Alliance, which was mainly composed of the Chilean Communist Party and the Socialist Party, and the candidates of the left forces were elected as the president of a capitalist country in the back garden of the United States, and the United States was bound to be "busy".
In fact, as early as the 1964 election, the United States began to frenziedly slander Allende, saying that Chile wanted to follow the path of Cuba and the Soviet Union, preparing to move the Gulag to Chile to fight the opposition, and even saying that Allende's private morality was corrupted by countless mistresses, during which time the CIA agents as a whole stayed in a small dark room to collectively make up lies, and then spread the news through informants. With loudspeakers and even the CIA would hire people to put up small advertisements on the streets, under the unremitting efforts of the CIA, Allende's 1964 election ended in defeat, which made the United States think that Allende was nothing more than that, and socialism had no foundation in Chile.
In 1970, Allende ran again, and it was obvious that the CIA did not pay too much attention to Allende than the last election, and the funds for denigrating Allende this time were less than half of the last time, and the effect was half the effect. The result of the general election was that neither Allende nor his opponents received more than half of the votes, a situation in which, under the Chilean Constitution, was voted on by the Chilean Congress, with a deadline of October 24, 1970.
Led by U.S. President Richard Nixon, the CIA tailored a "two-track plan" to Allende to prevent him from coming to power. A plans to buy off Chilean MPs and not vote for Allende. Plan B encourages opponents to stage a military coup if Plan A fails.
Plan A was very unsuccessful, because most of the parliamentarians hoped that Allende could complete the recovery of foreign copper mines, at that time Chile was the world's third largest copper exporter, copper mines were known as Chile's money bags, and at that time, large copper mines were almost controlled by foreign capital, these enterprises earned profits in Chile were 5 times more than those invested in other countries, and taking back the ownership of copper mines meant that Chile's annual economic income would be guaranteed. So both the opposition and the People's Solidarity Coalition were unanimous in their attitude towards nationalizing copper mines, so Plan A was declared null and void.
Therefore, the CIA came up with a plan B that is, to launch a military coup, the Chilean army is not like the armies of other Latin American countries, see the government is unhappy to establish itself as king, they maintain a high degree of professionalism, respect the constitution and do not interfere in politics, so the CIA has not attached great importance to the Chilean army, investment and infiltration are relatively small. General Schneider, the military leader at the time, was a staunch enforcer of this idea, and he was also very optimistic about Allende. But flies always find bed bugs, and soon the CIA found two bed bugs, one was Valenzuela, the garrison commander in the capital Santiago, and the other was retired general Wi oaks.
Valenzuela's plan was to assassinate Schneider, then take over the radio, declare national martial law, and form a military junta. Viox sees that this idea is good, then my plan will not be done, as long as I take a step from Valenzuela, I am the boss, the CIA looks at this plan, let Africa engage in a coup d'état OK, this is Chile You can control the army? But the two worms who had been carried away by the "victory" did not care so much.
On October 19, Valenzuela sent someone to rob and kill Schneider, but Ned did not take the public car but his own car on this day, and the empty assassins, after self-amusement analysis, schneider did not find them, tomorrow we will continue. On October 20, the three killers set off normally on the bus, but due to traffic jams, the three missed the opportunity again. Hiding aside, Viox couldn't help but laugh out loud, how much money did this brother spend as the commander of the capital garrison, and even this little thing could not be done. On October 22, three killers sent by Viox intercepted General Schneider's car, and Schneider drew his gun and shot at him, and was eventually killed by random shooting. After Schneider's death, the military was not controlled by Valenzuela or Viox, but was taken over by Schneider's deputy, General Pratz, who quickly captured the two traitors and remained as neutral as ever, with the military not interfering in politics. The failure of the "two-track plan" did not prevent Allende from coming to power, and on October 24, 1970, Allende was elected president with a majority vote in congress.
Although Allende wanted to pursue socialism, he did not like the Soviet model, and he wanted a smooth transition from capitalism to socialism in Chile within the framework of the Constitution. As soon as he came to power, he nationalized a large number of foreign monopolies, especially copper mines, as planned, redistributed factory profits, and let workers profit more, and the purchasing power of workers with money would be strong, stimulating domestic demand, and domestic demand would promote employment In the first year of governance, Chile's workers' wages rose by 30% and the economy grew by 7.1%.
Although the economy developed in the first year and seemed to be moving closer to Allende's socialism, the divisions within the People's Unity League continued to deepen, and the Chilean People's Unity Alliance was mainly composed of socialist parties and communist parties, which believed that they needed to unite forces such as the petty bourgeoisie, the middle class and the monopoly class to achieve common prosperity. The Socialists, on the other hand, were wrong from the outset and that they should mobilize the workers and peasants to occupy the factories and the farms and launch a revolution from the bottom up. Due to the unusually rapid nationalization of the Socialist ultra-left Chilean factories, by the end of 1972 75 per cent of the enterprises acquired by the Chilean government were unplanned and occupied by the workers themselves.
The excessively rapid nationalization led to the further intensification of the contradictions between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, the capitalists began to arm the factories, and the workers began to arm, which bought the groundwork for the later military to enter the government, but the greatest difficulty facing Allende at present is the administrative difficulty faced by the excessive nationalization. Faced with the behemoth of large-scale state enterprises, countless socialist experimental fields in Africa have starved to death, allende does not want to fall, he has been looking for a breakthrough.
When Allende saw that the British anti-aircraft guns in World War II greatly improved their efficiency through scientific cybernetics, he set out to introduce cybernetics into Chile, hoping to use scientific data to optimize the production and distribution of products, so as to solve the lack or excess productivity of nationalized enterprises, mobilize the greatest production enthusiasm of workers, and he dreamed of establishing a complete cybernetic system in Chile.
However, the Americans do not think so, and after the failure of the "two-track plan", the United States tailored the "economic scream" plan for Chile. The Americans understood that for the Chileans to oppose Allende, they had to run out of food. Because Chile's economy is heavily dependent on copper exports, the United States continues to sell its strategic reserve copper in the international market to suppress copper prices, and joins forces with European and American countries to boycott Chilean copper, which makes the Chilean government economy immediately tense and unable to pay for the acquisition of factories. At the same time, the United States completely blockaded Chile, leaving Chile in short supply, and many machines could not function properly due to lack of spare parts.
At the behest of the United States, the World Bank never granted a penny loan to Chile after Allende came to power, and the Inter-American Development Bank approved a total of $2 million in three years, which was only received after Allende's death.
In fact, cuba in the socialist revolution, faced the same dilemma, in the Soviet Union as both a father and a mother to barely survive, and the Soviet Union at this time to Treat Chile did not show great support, the reason is very simple to engage in socialism you do not follow my path, in case you succeed how to appease my little brother, but do not help you can not convince the public, at that time if the Soviet Union's assistance to Cuba and the faucet to put water, then the aid to Chile is at best a mineral water bottle pierced an eye.
At a time of internal and external troubles in Chile, the CIA, as a veteran of subverting state power, constantly ignited fires within the governance, spent money to organize middle-class women's marches, organized truck driver strikes, and from 1972 to 73, the strikes became larger and larger, the nature became worse and worse, and even armed conflict, and Allende, who had no way but to rely on the army, gave the army the right to carry out weapons searches in the civilian society and prosecute them with military tribunals.
At this time, General Platz was still fully supportive of Allende, because he believed that Allende could build Chile well, and in the military coup d'état launched by the Army's Armored Division in 1973, Platz completely used his personal prestige to disband the coup soldiers without firing a single shot, which made Allende convinced that the army, although there were rebel officers, was still under control. Both Premier Zhou and Castro have warned Allende, but Allende is confident in his army.
General Pratz is so tough, the United States must let him disappear, because of the merit of the suppression, Allende made Platz the secretary of defense, which caused a large number of officers to be dissatisfied, with the support of the CIA, a large number of officers' families went to the Department of Defense every day to insult Platz, and even to surround Platz to the car, in a siege Platz shot an opponent, at this time Platz remembered his old superior General Schneider. On August 22, 1973, Platz was forced to resign from all positions, and the Commander-in-Chief of the Army was succeeded by Commander Pinochet of the San Diego Garrison. At this time, the CIA's assessment of Chile was that it could launch a coup at any time.
On September 8, 1973, when news of a coup d'état by the army was widely spread, Allende refused to flee because he insisted that he was the legitimate president elected by the Constitution by the Chilean people and because he believed that Army Commander-in-Chief Pinochet would support him.
In the early morning of September 11, 1973, Allende was informed that the Navy had taken control of most of the radio and that the Army had begun to operate, and they were all taking advantage of Allende's decree that the army could search for weapons, allende and the guards evaded the arrest of the military and police to the Presidential Palace of La Moneda, where he had sworn, and he also pinned his hopes on his newly appointed Commander-in-Chief pinnacle pinned down, and in the face of the always-occupied telephone, Allende seemed to understand something, he took the ribbon of the inaugural president and gave his final speech. At the end he said: "Long live Chile!" Long live the people! Long live the workers! These are my last words, and I believe that I will not sacrifice in vain. I believe that, at the very least, it will be a moral lesson, a rebuke to crime, cowardice and treason. ”
Throughout his speech, Allende was disappointed that he did not want the Chileans to shed blood, so he did not incite the people to war. The idealist Allende defended his ideal with death, but his ideal was a utopia that could never be reached.
After pinochet's successful coup d'état, the military junta was formed, the opposition was hunted down throughout the country, and the stadium and library were turned into prisons, while the United States was full of jubilation, because they had rebelled against Pinochet as early as 1972, and the United States did not want Chilean democracy, but needed an obedient comprador, and Allende dug a grave for the United States in the back garden of the United States.
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