Taking catalyst research and development as an example, this is the most typical human-intensive research and development of sinkhole professionals. Under normal circumstances, assuming that everyone is not fake, the work done is mainly to arrange the combination plus various tests, and measure things that have good performance and have not been sent by others, then congratulations, a sci has it.
However, as long as 5% of people start to think about counterfeiting, then the remaining 95% of people will have no food if they do not fake. The reason is very simple, after a topic appears in several articles, probably what performance will be posted on what article, and the people behind will have a number in their minds. Under normal circumstances, the standard of time must also gradually become higher, such as tof30 can be issued on jacs, and in two years this requirement may be 40, which is a normal scientific research progress.
At this time, the counterfeit boy came, he relied on the counterfeit to make a data, originally this performance for example can send a jacs bar, but he is fake, the reason is not very clear, the in situ representation can not be done, just send a level of jmca. But in this way, the requirements for publishing articles have been accelerated, and the results that have not been faked can be published in sub-publications, and now jacs cannot be issued. Gradually, people will find that the results measured by honesty are more and more unable to draw histograms and compile data blindly.
Your mentor gave you a topic, let you do it, and then you began to arrange and combine, tried for several years did not try out a result that can be published, it seems that it is about to be postponed, then you find a catalyst that you have obviously tried without performance, and someone took it to send an article, then the tutor also came to xingshi and asked: How come others have performance you don't have? This kind of thing appears once or twice, and the mentality of normal people collapses, and Lao Tzu also falsifies and makes up.
Then how difficult is this type of counterfeiting, the answer is basically 0, and those who can be caught are too stupid. For example, the international big man Cui Yi comrade has an electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction, joule or natural catalysis to remember, found that the stability of the map is suspected of falsification, what happened? There is a piece of data that is repeated three times. It may be that the material is not stable enough, copy and paste it three times for a period of time, which is very stupid, and it is very stupid to change the value of the direct horizontal coordinate to be counterfeited by three.
The material characterization part of the catalyst, you don't need to falsify, what to do and how to do it. But the catalytic performance above, you just blindly make up, the yield efficiency error bar want to how to draw how to draw, you can prepare the product in advance to add to your substrate, measured out that it is your catalyst catalyzed, how do others grasp? The principle of explanation is also simple, electronic state density, oxygen vacancy, synergistic effect and so on can always be used on the word, the following articles in the second area do not even need to explain, Grandpa measured this result how do you say it.
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And does the journal really have the motivation to crack down on counterfeiting? I doubt this, many times the journal also hopes to calm things down, Bengbu has lived and then dealt with it seriously. It's best if no one breaks the window paper, and everyone watches the impact factor ride all the way to the rocket.
So what about the current degree of catalytic material fraud and the process of expelling bad money? All I can say is shocking. For example, electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction, hundreds of articles in this field can be repeated in the estimation of single digits, the recent popular methane methane methanol few can be repeated, how bold people are how productive. Of course, there are also those who are too bold to pull the egg, such as natural catalysis, there is a use of bismuth nanoparticles to do nitrogen reduction, the performance has been made up to break through the sky, directly higher than others an order of magnitude, the material synthesis is still very good to repeat, others try to find that your boy has a problem, has become the target of public criticism. (Therefore, catalytic article fraud can also consider making some extremely difficult synthetic materials, and others are too lazy to repeat them.) ）
There is also what electrocatalytic nitric acid is reduced to ammonia, as soon as this topic is invented, I laughed, and the counterfeiting can not be rolled up to open up a new battlefield.
Many types of material research should have been led by the market and enterprises, and it is originally an application-oriented topic, and it is impossible for journals and universities to dominate without problems. In any industry that lacks regulation and is profitable, it is inevitable that bad money will drive out good money.
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