Chen Shou, a famous historian and author of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, was a native of Nanchong, Sichuan. Last year (2020), Chen Shou was identified as the second batch of Sichuan historical celebrities. The author has long studied the relevant literature on the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and found that it is almost impossible to find systematic and detailed research literature on Chen Shou's life and deeds in Nanchong; the research of local scholars in Nanchong on the evolution of Chen Shou's activities in ancient Nanchong is almost blank.
Mr. Lang Jiaxing, as a native of Nanchong, is inspired to try to sort out the evolution process of the ancient Nanchong sacrifice Chen Shou activities, try to make a systematic combing of the ancient Nanchong sacrifice Chen Shou activities to commemorate the ancestor Chen Shou, and look forward to the fact that in this era of calling for vigorous promotion of traditional culture, the people of Nanchong will follow the tradition of the ancient ancestors participating in the sacrifice of Chen Shou, hold the "Chen Shou Sacrifice Ceremony", and resume the sacrifice of Chen Shou activities, so as to commemorate the ancestor Chen Shou and carry forward traditional culture.
The author tries to sort out the evolution of the ancient Nanchong sacrifice Chen Shou activities from the relevant documents on the record of Chen Shou's life deeds and the ancient Nanchong sacrifice Chen Shou activities.
The author will explain the evolution of the ancient Nanchong sacrifice chen shou activities from the following aspects.
A brief account of Chen Shou's life and deeds in Nanchong
The Book of Jin records that Chen Shou was born in Anhan County, and "in the eighteenth year of the Sui Kai Emperor (598 AD) changed Anhan to Nanchong County". Therefore, Chen Shou is a native of Nanchong, Sichuan. Chen Shou was born in Nanchong Duweiba, "Duweiba Desert Chen Shou House", has been clearly told that Chen Shou's former residence is located in Duweiba. The terrain of the area is slightly higher, the rice fields have fallen since ancient times, and the crops are abundant as the first granary of the ancient Anhan Dynasty. Since the HanXing, the Chen family has had famous people recorded in the annals of history. Chen Shou undertook the court training, shouldered the hopes of his father's generation, and when he entered the Taixue Zhou Gate as a teenager, he only knew people and had great ambitions. In 254 AD, at the age of 22, he was appointed as the chief bookkeeper of the Wei general Jiang Wei, collecting documents and handling daily affairs. In 257 AD, at the age of 25, he was the secretary of Dongguan Pavilion (doubtful: Dongguan Pavilion may have been the secretary general of The Eastern Han Dynasty, and Chen Shou should have been the secretary general of the Central Military Commission, who managed military affairs and was not the Central Library of the Shu Han Dynasty). In 258, at the age of 26, Chen Shou was promoted to the post of Scattered Horseman (HorseMan Lieutenant) and Yellow Gate Attendant (散門侍郎), serving as a scholar. Enter the rules and regulations for negligence, prepare the emperor's advisers, and go out on horseback to scatter. Scattered riding or also known as riding capital lieutenant is the title of official, riding capital lieutenant is a military rank, and the Yellow Gate Attendant conveys the emperor's edict). During his term of office, he was hated for his self-improvement, refused to bend the rules to meet the eunuchs, and was not deceived by different streams, and was often belittled.
In 259 AD, Chen Shou was because of the death of his father, so he resigned from the Shu Han Dynasty and returned to his hometown to bury his father Guoshan, and mourned filial piety for his father. Chen Shou overworked during the mourning of his father, and also lost his wife to young people during the period, and the local folklore of Nanchong: "Chen Shou was an official outside, and Wu Girl died of illness at home and was buried in Fengya Mountain (now Fengtong Mountain in Jialing District), because Chen Shou was once a riding lieutenant, commonly known as the tomb of Duwei Niangniang, called the foothills of duwei dam." "Double Whammy fell ill as a result. Because Chen Shou was familiar with the classics and knew the medical science, he ordered his maid to concoct pills to take them, which caused the official to resume his post and return to his career at the end of the three-year filial piety period, but because of the "Qing discussion", he was highly relegated and was not used. Pills should be the ancient people's monastic health care products, its production method is: select the best dragon title (Huang Jing, Nanchong called Tiger Ginger) nine steaming nine exposure modulation as pills, take one or two pills a day can strengthen the body, the valley is not hungry, Chen Shou shou tomb in Guoshan is a few miles away from his home capital Wei Dam, with pills to resist hunger without losing the choice. Chen Shouzhuang immersed himself in reading with sorrow and indignation, lived in Guoshan in seclusion and diligently studied, he buried his father in Guoshan and guarded the tomb to fulfill filial piety, in order to pin down the feelings of humanities and ancient sages, and to maintain lofty ambitions: the ancient origin of Guoshan and Chongguo is related to the fame of the ancient "fruitful country" at the end of primitive society. Nanchong (Anhan) as early as the end of the primitive society appeared in the "fruit" of the country of the indigenous people, thousands of years has been planting yellow citrus fairy fruit (Guang mandarin, successive generations as tribute, from 1950 to 1965 for foreign trade export fruit) fruitful and famous in China, so the mountain production of yellow citrus fairy fruit fruitful is called Guodui Mountain, referred to as Guoshan. The historical record of the ancient "Lesser Rehabilitation Country Zhongxing" records: "Bal Meng, the leader of the Fruit Country, led three thousand iron horses and killed Han Shui. Helping Ji Shaokang ascend to the throne and restore the Xia Dynasty, Shaokang personally wrote the four characters of 'Tianxia Xiongbang' and gave them to the leader of the Youguo clan, Bal Meng, as a reward. "There are fruit countries with yellow citrus immortal fruit contributed Shaokang (1972 BC - 1912 BC reigned 21 years), so Guodui Mountain because of the yellow citrus immortal fruit tribute and rich history, is also an ancient cultural relic.
Chen Shou's father came from a large family of the Anhan Xian, the family was rich in QueMo Tianyuan, "Chen surname marked the head of all ethnic groups" "Anhan County out of the people, the big surname Chen Fan Yan Zhao", his father and teenager joined the army with the ideal of Qing Shi Bo's name, enlisted in the battle bo killed and promoted to join the army, because of the defeat of the street pavilion and was implicated and punished, expelled from the military, it is really a great insult. Chen Shou buried his father in Guoshan because of this excellent feng shui, Yixing descendants "Xishan: Zhi ximen outside the row of mountains also." From The north from Qile Cape, Lianfeng Mountain, Stone Mountain, Stone Pillar Mountain, Erlang Temple Mountain, and Flag Planting Mountain are all more than 500 feet high and about ten miles long as the natural barrier of Xiguo. The location of Shizhu Mountain is the most central and highest, which is the main peak of the West Mountain, which is known as Mengzi Cape between the stone mountain, and the Erlang Temple Mountain, which is known as the Erlang Temple Point, and when the entrance road, it is attached to Guo Guo, and the mountain side is famous. On the right side of Shizhu Mountain is Guodui Mountain, and the layers of peaks show up more yellow oranges, and The Jin Dynasty Lang Chen Shou is hidden here. "
Chen Shou buried his father in Guoshan, and Chen Shou's descendants did indeed prosper, "Chen Shou's nephew Chen Fu inherited Chen Shou ren As Zuolang, Chen Fu's younger brother Chen Fu ren LiangZhou Beichai, Hu Riding general Qi Wang Tuan, Chen Ying's cousin Chen Jie as the state master, Ren Yongchang Western Governor, Jianning, Xinggu Taishou, etc., these descendants are good at writing, gorgeous dictionaries, and very famous in the world." Chen Shou wrote more than two hundred articles, including dozens of articles each by Chen Fu, Chen Ying, and Chen Jie. Yizhou, Liangzhou Xianda and literati throughout the country gave biographies of Chen Shou and his descendants." Chen Shou was promoted to the rank of general Jiang Wei's staff, and the Yellow Gate Attendant (散門侍郎) was appointed as a soldier. Enter the rules and regulations for negligence, prepare the emperor's advisers, and go out on horseback to scatter. Scattered riding or also known as riding du lieutenant that is, riding a knight is an official title, riding a lieutenant is a military rank; Huangmen Shilang conveys the emperor's edict), it is a good opportunity to humiliate his father and show his skills, but he was frustrated by the treachery and evil, Chen Shousui took the ancient Ying of Guoshan as a sustenance, and encouraged himself not to fall into the ambition of Qingyun; Guoshan was surrounded by the West River with beautiful scenery, excellent feng shui, across the West River and lake pastoral, the village was scattered with cooking smoke, the Jialing River meandered in the mountains, and could overlook the Anhan City Koo (now Qingquanba Wulidian, eight miles away from Guoshan) and the Zhou Zhou Observatory, In order to remember the teacher's teaching of self-improvement, the picturesque rivers and mountains make people feel fierce; Chen Shou was disillusioned by the ideal of military strategy and meritorious service due to the demise of the Shu Han Dynasty, and his thinking changed to the idea of building a world with literature to benefit the people, and Da Ze also helped the world and benefited the world, and Cain was alone; Guoshan also had towering pines, strange rocks and springs, mountains stacked with greenery, beasts of prey, insects and snakes, so Chen Shou was in the remote area of Guoshan Mountain, on a high cliff to guard the tomb to do filial piety, and studied the writings (the storage of books is abundant, and the mountain people's woodcutters are called ten thousand scrolls). The reason: First, there is a mountain spring here, the water flow is abundant, which is convenient for daily use; the second is the standard of ancient hermits, guiyin forest spring, located in the west (Chengdu) into the city (Anhan) must pass through the avenue, information exchange is convenient; the third is convenient for tomb observation, Linxuan writing, daily life can also guard against tigers, leopards, beasts, pests and snakes and other accidental injuries.
Nanchong Guoshan Wanjuan Lou is the place where Chen Shoushou's tomb lived in seclusion and read, "Guoshan is named after the county, and Chen Shou lives in seclusion here." There is a shrine. And Guoshan is famous because Chen Shou lived in seclusion on this mountain. "Duweiba Desert Chen Shou House" has clearly told Chen Shou that the former residence is located in Duweiba. The most fertile cultivated land of Anhan is "JianglingBa (NanchongGuo Ancient City) Qingquan Dam (Ancient City of Anhan County) Duwei Dam (Chen Shou's hometown is the best cultivated land)", Chen Shou's Shu Han "leading households 280,000 households, male and female population 940,000, armored soldiers 102,000, 40,000 officials, more than 400,000 rice, 2,000 catties of gold and silver, 200,000 horses of brocade silk, the rest of the matter is called this. ("Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Vol. 33, Book III of Shu, Later Biography" Pei Songzhi's Note cites Wang Yin's "Shu Ji") "It can be seen that the entire territory of Shu Han is sparsely populated, the fruit mountain outside the city of Anhan County is very primitive, eight miles away from Guoshan Is almost a barren hill, only "is the fish pond" through the West River There is a small amount of mountain beam arable land, the rest are the beach rivers of the Jialing River and the West River (flood flooding), and it is impossible to be the ancestral residence of the Chen family.
Chen Shou was in the remote area of Guoshan Cliff Rock, pillowing vegetables and eating, while reading and reasoning, while sorting out the collected history books, geographical records, archives, celebrity articles and other materials, divided into categories, with writings as entertainment, very famous in his hometown, leaving many relics in the mountains and rivers around Guoshan. His reading and visiting were rushing around, especially because the Shu Han did not pay attention to historical officials, Chen Shou needed to pay a hundred times more effort to collect and sort it out, during which he wrote the "Biography of Wang Ping" of An Hanhou, the "Biography of Zhang Ling" of the Ancient Yingshi, and Hongyazhi's "Biography of Huang Quan" and other Heroic Martyrs of the Sangzi Shu Han, laying the foundation for his future writing of the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". Chen Shou lived in seclusion in Guoshan for ten years (259 to 268 AD), from a lieutenant with a heart to make meritorious achievements, to a hermit who "distinguished between literary qualities", and then to "love and narrative history" to achieve historical talent and move to shuanggu". After Chen Shou died of illness in Luoyang in the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Yuankang of the Jin Dynasty (297 AD), the descendants of the family (Chen Shou's young widow, who loved to write, did not continue the string, so he had no heirs, Chen Shou's nephew Chen Fu succeeded Chen Shou's position as Ren ZhiZuolang) in view of the humiliation of Chen Shou's father's loss of guarding the street pavilion and being tortured, coupled with chen Shou's "position was not enough talent, and he was wronged at that time". Because of the lessons of the past, the "Jin Shu Chen Shou Biography" records that because Chen Shou's mother was buried in Luoyang after his death, Chen Shou followed his mother's orders, but at that time, the world believed that Chen Shou did not return his mother's funeral to shu tu's hometown and bury it with his father, which was not in accordance with the etiquette system, so Chen Shou was again disparaged. Therefore, the descendants of the Chen Shou family had urgent and strong psychological needs, and they were more worried about the influence of the qing dynasty, so they returned Chen Shou to his hometown with a coffin and buried with his wife (Du Wei Dam Feng Ya Shan Du Wei Tomb). The Monument Society, with the shame of the Xue family, carried forward Chen Shou's "elegant style of quality algae"; because Chen Shou was also an official who was elected by the Zhongzheng of the county (Brazil) for twenty years, and successfully entered the army, there was also a need for thanksgiving sacrifices, and because Chen Shou had served as a "scattered riding (riding capital lieutenant) Yellow Gate Waiter" in shu Han, after entering the Jin Dynasty, he was also recommended as "scattered riding waiter (riding du wei)", and then "scattered riding chang shi (riding du wei)" for nearly ten years, so that the monument << jin du wei Chen cemetery >> the shrine, so as to honor the ancestors of the emperor ( Two dynasties scattered riding), showing the world. She-de-ry is the social sacrifice, which is called the sacrifice of the god of the land. Because Chen Shou had been "Zhongzheng of The county (Basi County)" for twenty years, after his death, the officials of the county revered Chen Shou as the local protector god (Zhaohu Lord) and made a sincere sacrifice, and the incense was passed on. In the spring of the eighth year (333 AD) of the Jin Dynasty Emperor Xianhe, the famous Confucian scholar, medical scientist, alchemist, and theorist of immortal science, Baopuzi GeHong, took his apprentices to Shu to study, and listened to the woodcutters in the "Taigu Library Cave" about Chen Shou's ten years of seclusion in Guoshan, and the pills he took were made of dragon titles (Huang Jing), and when he heard that Ge Hong raised his hand, he immediately toured Guoshan in Anhan County, and "Baopu Nunnery" in the north jielu of Jinquan Mountain, where he traveled to various mountains and mountains, collected medicines and refined Dan for several months, experienced the backup of the efficacy records of dragon titles (Huang Jing), and then returned to Luofu Mountain to write it into the "Luofu Mountain" Baopuzi. Inside. Immortal Medicine".
The rise of the worship of Chen Shou during the Tang and Song dynasties
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the Taoist medicine king Sun Simiao was twenty years old and determined to practice medicine in the world, about 602 AD because of the admiration for the pursuit of the Immortal Trail of Baopuzi came to Jinquan Mountain, Guoshan County, collecting medicine to practice medicine, Fuhu Jimin, discovered the ancient wild fruits of Guoshan Mountain, yellow orange as medicinal bait can cure diseases and save people, so that the fame of yellow citrus increased greatly, the official government promoted and improved the so-called immortal fruit, in order to pay tribute to the court, trade spread the world's famous capital, "Shunqing purple pear, Nanchong yellow mandarin" left a lot of fragrant and beautiful legends, in the autumn "Guoshan immortal fruit show heavenly fragrance, everywhere the garden golden tree tree fang", called scenic scenery" Autumn Colors of Guoshan Mountain", in the "CaiShen Temple" of Jinquan Mountain next to the ruins of the Guoshan Wanjuan Tower, the statue enshrined in the "Hall of the Medicine King" is still in the shape of the Medicine King riding a tiger.
In the fourth year of Emperor Gaozong of Tang (621 AD), "Nanchong of Zhilong Prefecture, like the two counties of Zhiguo Prefecture, cause and effect mountain is named". In the early years of Emperor Taizong of Tang (about 629 AD), the feng shui master Yuan Tiangang and the astronomer Li Chunfeng were ordered to enter the Shu Dynasty, and Yuan Tiangang, because he visited the "Baopu Nunnery" in Guoshan and Chen Shou Wanjuan Lou next to the North Jielu to seek enlightenment, he took up residence in the Turtle Mountain Stone Cave (Hidden Immortal Cave) opposite the Mengzi Cape Creek in Guoshan, showing passers-by during the day to tell fortunes and meditating at night to refine qi. When Li Chunfeng heard of Yuan Tiangang's residence, he went to visit, and in order to measure the depth of Yuan Tiangang's path, when he passed through the Guoshan Chen Shou Wan roll building on the night of the moon, he took off the gold noodles on his head and buried it on the side of the road, and when they met, Yuan Tiangang said, "The son has golden qi, and it has turned into water." In order to verify, the two went to the burial ground together, and found that it was not the case, so it became a golden spring.
Chen Shou << The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms>> because of the founding chancellor of the Tang Dynasty, Wei Zhengxuan had << important chapters of the Three Kingdoms Chronicles, such as "< Wei Zhi> > to rule up and down, < Shu Zhi to rule up and down, and < Wu Zhi>> > to rule up and down", and was selected to be << group of books to rule the >> and spread more widely and have a greater influence, and because Chen Shou was enthroned by the Tang Emperor as "Zhaode Wen Huihou", he << The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms >>" is one of the books that scholars must read intensively, that is, one of the contents of the test. "The county government built the Chen Shou Ancestral Hall and the Ten Thousand Scrolls Building at the head of Guoshan Mountain," the Ten Thousand Scrolls Building was built on the rock, which was a three-story building with flying eaves and arches, golden splendor, and a magnificent three-story wooden and stone structure. The first floor is a place for tourists to rest, and the walls are full of inscriptions by tourists; the second floor is where the books are collected; and the third floor is the place where the statue of Chen Shou is enshrined. Since then, the Guoshan Ten Thousand Scrolls Building has become a spiritual dojo for the worship of Chen Shou and the people who remember the inspiration. The mountain area next to Guoshan "buried water" was named Jinquan Mountain, and the "Golden Spring Night Moon" became a scenic spot in Nanchong, and Ganlu Temple was built in The Chen Shou Ancestral Hall of Guoshan And the Jinquan Mountain under the Wanjuan Building. Lead the spring water of the Ten Thousand Scrolls Building into the Ganlu Temple, out of the Longkou Spit Spring, "Ganhuan Crown in the Whole Territory" means that the humanistic spirit of the Ten Thousand Scrolls Building is as beneficial as the Ganlu Qingquan, and the mountain is not in the high youxian name, so it has become a famous attraction in Nanchong. Later, the "Tiangang Temple" was built next to the Hidden Immortal Cave of Turtle Mountain, and the "Lanxiu Pavilion" was built on Baotai Mountain next to Turtle Mountain for tourists to reminisce about the lyricism of the ancient times and overlook the scenery of Jinquan Mountain on the other side of Mengzi Creek. Because the "Ten Thousand Scrolls Building, Chen Shou Ancestral Hall, Ganlu Temple" is built by the official government, with the sacrifice of Chen Shou as the main body, the collection is rich, and the Confucian Taoist scenic spots are very attractive to the world's eager scholars, who rush to this sacrifice to pray for blessings, gather here to study and cultivate, so with the Ten Thousand Scrolls Building as the symbol, along the banks of the Mengzi Cape Creek, and the Erlang Temple Headland Mountains are in a U-shaped sandwich spring stream, all over the Rui Palace Zhenyu.
A corner of Jinquan Mountain
<< the Book of Tang >> recorded: "In the tenth year of the Zhenyuan Dynasty, Xie Zhenren's name was natural, and he rose in the county boundary jinquan Ziji Palace in daylight. Gunguo is a rainbow of neon clouds at night, and all eyes can see it." The records of the female Taoist priest Xie's natural day-to-day ascension are extensive, ranging from official history books to wild history notes, as well as local atlases and classic classics. There are more than 30 poems about Xie's natural ascension, and on the Jinquan Mountain where Xie naturally ascended, there were original three Tang Dynasty stone tablets about ascension. The first is the "Golden Spring Mountain Immortal Shuju" written by Tang Taihe (831), Guozhou Thorn Shi Weisu; the second is the Tang Dezong Zhenyuan Decade (794 AD) "Book of the History of the Thorns of TheOguo Prefecture"; the third is the Tang Dezong Zhenyuan Decade (794 AD) "The Book of the Female Daoist Xie Natural Day Ascension in the State of Tang Dezong". Nowadays, although the three steles have been destroyed, there are two inscriptions, "The Handbook of the Thorn History of The State of Qiaoguo Prefecture" and the Book of the Female Taoist Priest Xie Naturally Ascending in The Day" that still exist in the local chronicle. Although there are many examples of cultivators turning into immortals similar to this kind of cultivation, there are also many records in historical biographies, but the real history of the wild history is clearly recorded, and xie tian is really the only one. Xie Zhenren once worshiped Sima Chengzhen of Tiantai Mountain as a teacher, immersed himself in cultivation, and deeply understood the True Taoist Tradition. Returning to his hometown in Guoshan WanjuanLou, Nanchong County, Guozhou, Jinquan Mountain Chaoyang Cave cultivation, Tang Dezong (Li Shi) Zhenyuan ninth year (793 AD) Guozhou Thorn Shi Li Jian arrived, Wen Xie natural fame, once went to see her. On March 3 of the following year (794), the female Taoist monk Xie naturally moved to Jinquanguan for cultivation, and on the morning of the twentieth day of the winter month, the sky released colorful clouds, the fairy music in the air fluttered, and the west mountain was blowing, and the strange fragrance spread across the mountain headland, and people were surprised but saw Xie nature from the Golden Spring View, stepping on the auspicious clouds at the foot of the virtual platform, rising to the heavens, floating like light smoke to cultivate and disappear, for a moment alarmed the temple view monks in the mengzi cape ring stream group, everyone burned incense to worship; thousands of people around the mountain people looked up to each other, surprised, rushing to tell each other, and the air immortal music stayed in the west mountain for a few days ( Later, the West Mountain was changed to Qile Mountain, and there was a "Qile Lingchi" scenic spot). Guozhou Thorn Shi Li Jian rushed to the news (Guozhou County WuliDian is eight miles away from the Guoshan Jinquan Temple), entered the Jinquan Temple (formerly known as the Ziji Palace or Jinquan Temple), only to see Xie Zhenren's clothes, hats, shoes and socks scattered, tied up on the cloud bed like old, like a cicada. On the east wall of the hall there is her own letter five + two words, the ink is not dry, the text is said: "Send a message to the master and all the dependents, but when the whole body is sad." Self-cultivation of merit, and all kindness, cultivation of futian, clear fasting and chanting. After a hundred disasters, If you have a good fate, you will meet the hometown of the plains early, that is, to meet with you. ”
Li Jian then quickly made Xie Nun a cultivator into an immortal, and the matter of the day's ascension to the court, Tang Dezong's personal book "The Handbook of the Assassination History of The State of Qiaoguo": "Li Jianzheng Liang Shouguan: Gongcheng Fengguo, Dianzi County, Political Harmony, Among the Ministries, The Spirit Immortals Are Different, Yuan Feng Yi Zhen, and Zhi Dao Mi Zhang." The holy ancestors of Skay hang down the light, teach immortality, return to beauty, cherish the good, save the Chen, and sigh with deep joy. Winter is cold, qing is safe and sound. There are not many references to the book. Tang Dezong's personal book "The Book of The Female Daoist Priest Xie Naturally Flying in the Day": "The elderly soldiers of the Monks and Dao Elders in the Prefecture of Qiao Guo Prefecture, etc.: Qing and other salty and pure, and loyal and righteous, gentle and virtuous, qin moral style, pure and pure, and pure in customs." The female Daoist priest exalted herself transcendentally, fighting against Yan Xia. Si Shi Shengzu Guangzhao, Chu Xuan Zhi Jiao, Cousin Zi Spiritual, Liu Qing Bang Family. Admire, never forget. The secretary of state and other yijun township parties were overjoyed and comforted, especially for the sake of consolation, and wanted to know about the memory. The secretaries of state and others are safe and sound, and the state and county officials have asked questions at the same time, and there are not many points to the dispatch of letters. ”
In the time of Xie Zhenren's lifetime, he was "Yun: A certain mountain god surnamed Chen Mingshou, a person of the Wei and Jin dynasties." He also said that the real people are high, the immortals are inferior, and they will be given the responsibility of the Eastern Pole True People. "Because Xie Naturally said in the human world: The mountain god Chen Shou said that she would be given the title of Dongji Zhenren, Tang Dezong sealed Xie Natural as Dongji Zhenren, and the next edict rewarded Li Jian for assassinating Shi and promoted Li Jian to Si Nong Shaoqing. The matter of flying immortals is also true and illusory, which has aroused a lot of discussion among the people of the world, but Xie Nature's mentor Sima Chengzhen's << Tianyinzi >>: "When you are born, you have the aura, shrewdness and understanding, and learning without stagnation is called a god." The house god is in the heart, the relic is outside, and the nature is different from the layman, then the god of Wei. Therefore, the gods and immortals are also human beings, and they should cultivate my aura and not be degraded by the world; then I am natural, and I am not stagnant by evil views, and then I will succeed. This definition of a god and immortal alone makes it clear that a god and a god are different from the laymen and are only those who do learning. The incarnation of immortality has been vain since ancient times, and it is difficult to prove it, while human beings attack false evil and ugliness, and pursue truth, goodness and beauty, which have never stopped through the ages. The legend of how many virtues and virtues have been cultivated into immortals have inspired the people of the world to serve all sentient beings with all their life's efforts, to build the sea and heaven of the heart with openness, and to forge the beauty of the world with sincerity. The reason why the immortals are gods is nothing more than that when they are human, they leave a spiritual legacy for future generations, and their behavior is high, and future generations have transformed into gods. The immortals are only the high realms of the humanistic spirit, because Xie Naturally said in person, "The mountain god's surname is Chen Mingshou, a person of the Wei and Jin dynasties." He also said that the real people are high, the immortals are inferior, and they will be given the responsibility of the Eastern Pole True People. And Emperor Dezong of Tang made Xie Natural a True Man of the Eastern Pole, so he laid the foundation for Chen Shou's sacred status in folk beliefs. Because the integration of the theory of immortals has become the ancient humanistic spiritual food, social good deeds of the code of conduct, so with the Guoshan Wanjuan Lou as the symbol, along the Jinquan Mountain Ganlu Temple, the Turtle Mountain Tiangang Temple and the two banks of Mengzi Creek, the U-shaped Ruigong Zhenyu wei is the grand view, becoming a tourist wandering, the scholar and female You Yan resort, Chen Shou's academic influence has an important historical position that can be studied in the Taoist cultivation of Zhencheng Immortal Theory.
In the spring of the second year of Tang Xianzong (Li Chun) and the second year (807 CE), the chancellor Wei Guanzhi was demoted to the title of Guozhou Assassin. Soon after taking office, he toured Guoshan, paid homage to Chen Shou Ancestral Hall and the Ten Thousand Scrolls Building, and after sacrificing Chen Shou, he made a record of the << Ten Thousand Scrolls Building>> and his text said: "The Ten Thousand Scrolls Building in Guozhou is also the place where Chen Shougong of Jin Zhen Zuolang collected books." Chen Gong's life is studious, the history of the ancient scriptures, the han and Wei testaments, all of which are collected. It is stored in the room, the room is surplus, it is stored in the hall, and the hall is overflowing, but it is hidden in the building. The building is complete, and it is placed on it with a roll, and it is a fence, and it is not nine. << the six sutras>> are at the top, and the sutras are honored; the commentaries are in the middle and passed on later; the sons are at the top and below, and the sutras are also in the rest. The history of the dynasties is in the middle, the >> of the Six Classics of the <<; the miscellaneous biographies are in the center, and the sub-history is also in the middle; the confucian history is in the middle, and the history is also in the middle. The collection of the first text and the writings are at the bottom, the space of history; the hundred streams of the people, the yin and yang pictures, the mountain through the geographical records, and the number of fang tricks are in the middle, and the tributaries of the book are also the remnants; the famous paintings of the Fa shu are at the bottom, and the art is also lower. Quetzalcoatl, High Cut Star Han, Humanities Convergence, and Astronomy. The treasure of private households, the secret prisons, the abundance of books, the world of Jia, although the wall of Kong's family, the building of the Heavenly Pavilion, is not too much. The building of the rich and noble, the orchestral bottle, the core of a few seats, the abundance of Yan Le; this building of Chen Shougong, the ancient saints and the sages, the great scriptures, the classics of self-cultivation and rule. Books are stored in the building, stored in the abdomen, in the way of the saints, distributed in the fang strategy; read ten thousand volumes, write like gods, write the aspirations of the Three Kingdoms, and move the double solid. Whoever reads his books, reveals the light, and uses it in the world, so that the people of Zisi will not live up to Chen Gongsheng's wishes; if he neglects to abandon himself, he cannot be diligent, he has no success, he is negative, and he is responsible for others, so why should he stand in the world! He is a man of great virtue and self-vigilance, never forgetting. After Wei Guan served as chancellor, he depicted the Ten Thousand Scrolls Building as "a scale of scales, a high-cut star, a gathering of humanities, and an astronomical world." The treasure of private households, the secret prisons, the abundance of books, the world of Jia, although the wall of Kong's family, the building of the Heavenly Pavilion, is not too much. "Let the people of the world pass on the news: the Ten Thousand Scrolls Building is really an ideal place to study and cultivate the truth, and since then the Ten Thousand Scrolls Building has been admired by all generations of Chinese people."
In 1084 AD, Su Shi read << Tian's hidden son >> as a << water dragon >> Yong Xie natural events to pin the immortal realm: "Xi Xie naturally wants to cross the sea to seek teacher Penglai, to the sea, or nature, Penglai is separated by 300,000 miles from weak water, and cannot be reached." There is Sima Ziwei on the rooftop, who lives in the Red Domain, and his name is in Daique, which can be followed. "Nature is also returned, subject to the Tao of The Son, and the day is gone." Zi Wei wrote seven articles of "The Theory of Sitting and Forgetting" and one article of "Pivot", which has been more than 100 years. At the end, the disciple said: "I live in Yuxiao Peak, look east at Penglai, and taste the true spirit descending." Now it is called by the Young Boy King of the East Sea. "The cicadas are gone. Later, Li Taibai composed the "Dapeng Fu" Yun: "Taste the zi is slighter than Jiangling, it is said that yu has the immortal wind Dao bone, which can be compared with the eight poles of the gods." "In the winter of the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Yu passed Linhuai, and Mr. Zhanran Liang Gong was in Yan. The childlike face is clear, like twenty or thirty people, but there are also people who are rare. Good at blowing the iron flute, there is a sound of breaking through the clouds and cracking stones. It is a poem called "Water Dragon Yin", which records the things of the micro and too white, and sings it according to its voice. The sea of clouds in ancient times is vast, and daoshan daique knows where to go. There are people in the world, Akagi residents, dragons and phoenixes. Pure and inactive, sitting and forgetting the photo, eight strange words. Looking east to Yuxiao, Penglai is misty, with cloud driving and wind driving. Travel all over the world, laughing and falling flowers. At the sight of Linjiang, who is immortal, speechless. Eight tables of divine travel, haoran opposite, drunken ji. Wait for the talent, ride the whale on the road steadily, and the covenant will go. ”
Emperor Huizong of Song (Zhao Tuo) ascended the throne (1100 AD) in the early years of the Jianzhong Jingguo (1101 AD) Legend has it that after Su Shi met the pardon in the north, he met Huang Tingjian to travel to Southern ChongGuo prefecture, and in the first month of 1101 AD, the two of them went to Guozhou, and were warmly entertained by Li Xiuru of Guozhou Zhizhou, Su Shi said that after degrading Qiongzhou, he had a lingering feeling in his heart, did not dare to write poetry, and liked to be with the monk Dao Tianfu and borrowed the mountains and rivers to dispel his sorrows. The next day, Li Xiuru of Zhizhou accompanied Su And Huang on a tour of Guoshan Mountain, paid homage to the Wanjuan Lou, sacrificed Chen Shou, and visited the Ruigong Zhenyu around Jinquan Mountain, and a few days later, Zhizhou Li Xiuru accompanied Su and Huang on a tour of Zhufeng Mountain. Huang Tingjian has a poetic calligraphy: "Dangerous stones are entangled in bird roads, empty mountains have more people's homes, Taoyuan is fixed in the depths, and streams of water flow to the human world." The Taoist priest then engraved it on the cliff of the Tiangang Temple, because Su and Huang lived in Zhufengshan for half a year, and they got along with Zhu Fengshan abbot Huaishan very well, and Huang Tingjian wrote << the >> of the Quasi-Catching God Curse, and engraved a monument to commemorate the two people's desire to go to Pengzhou, and heard that Zhu Fengshan Abbot Huaishan's brother Huai Ci lived in Puchengshan Temple in Pengzhou (now In The Huilong Mountain in Peng'an Yinhan Township), so he invited the three of them to go together. The abbot of Puchengshan Temple in Pengzhou, Huai ci, is proficient in the three Tibetans, especially good at composing poems, Huai ci entertains very well, and the poem is published on the waterfall in front of the Yongshan Temple: "Thousands of rocks and valleys do not spare their efforts, and from a distance they see that the provenance is high" Su Shi lowered the couplet: "How can the stream be retained, and eventually return to the sea as a wave." The crowd was overjoyed, and the abbot Huai Ci repeatedly pleaded with Su Shi to leave the ink treasure and add glory to the temple, and Su Shi gladly waved and wrote << book on >>. Huai Ci engraved this text in the temple, called it "Su Shi Pen Method Stele", built a "Wash Yan Pond", and changed the Pucheng Mountain Temple to: "Lai Su Temple".
Emperor Qinzong of Song (1126 AD) wrote a note for the "Lanxiu Pavilion" on Baotai Mountain on the other side of the Mengzixi Jinquan Mountain: "Thinking of the legacy of Shi Dou, hanging the old traces of Chen, thinking of the immortal traces of Cheng Xie, Mu Zhang Yan's Ying. "Shi Qianshu, Dou Bi, Tan Zhou, Chen Shou, Cheng Taixu, Xie Tian, Zhang Ling, Yan Miao and other historical figures are highlighted, and tourists are sent to think about the ancients and pursue the distance, touching the scene lyrically and self-reliant."
In the spring of the eighth year of Emperor Xiaozong of Song 's reign (1172 CE), Lu You joined the army and went to Guozhou to visit his colleague Wang Juemin (a reviewer of the Hanlin Academy, who advocated resisting Jin, and was ostracized by the Lord and the Faction). The two reunited after a long absence, visited the Wanjuan Building together in Guoshan Mountain, sacrificed Chen Shou, toured the surrounding Ruigong temples, and then went to the Liulin Restaurant in Xixi Garden to take a nap. After that, he left << Liulin Restaurant In Anhan>><< jialing river pontoon bridge>><< Sauvignon Blanc >><< Linjiangxian. Bego State >> and other poems. In the fifteenth year of Chunxi (1188 AD), Lu You wrote a poem in his hometown to recall his beautiful trip to Guozhou: "For fourteen years, I always dream around the Golden Spring." The autumn wind on the mountain vagina is early, but I see the gods and immortals. ”
In the third year of Song Lizong Baoqing (1227 AD), Guozhou was changed to Shunqing Prefecture, and in order to resist the Mongol army in the ninth year of Song Chunyou (1249 AD) (Qingquanba Wulidian), the Qingju Mountain (now Gaoping Qingju Town) was moved to Nanchong County, and in the fourth year of Ming Taizu Hongwu (1311 AD), Nanchong County was moved from Wulidian to nanchong City, and the newly built city was abandoned for the new, and the people lived in peace and customs, and continued to worship and pray at the Chen Shou Temple of the WanjuanLou in Guoshan to entertain the gods and friends. << Daming Yi Tongzhi >> Volume 68: "Chen Shou Temple." In Nanchong County, Xisanli, Shou, Jin Dynasty Lang. "Xisanli of Nanchong County" means that it is three miles away from the West City Gate across the West River to Guoshan. Legend has it that the famous Taoist priest Zhang Sanfeng came here because of the Muguo Mountain Golden Spring Wonderland, Yunyou came here, collected medicine between the Golden Spring Mountain Zongzhen Mountain, passed through the Guoshan Ten Thousand Scrolls Downstairs across the Mengzi creek bridge, saw eight beggars washing casseroles and magnetic bowls by the stream, some of them could use their fists to flush the inner surface of the pot to the outside, and afterwards Zhang Sanfeng suddenly realized that after a year of waiting, He Lu Dongbin finally became a fairy. Later generations called the Mengzixi Bridge "Huixian Bridge".
Other related folk sacrifices caused by the sacrifice of Chen Shou during the Ming and Qing dynasties
In the fourth year of Ming Longqing (1570 AD), "Nanchong Zheren" "Prince Taishi, official Shangshu" Chen Yiqin Zhishi returned to the family, enthusiastic about the public welfare undertakings in his hometown, and founded the Jinquan Academy next to the Ganlu Temple in Nanchong Guoshan (recognizing the ancestors and returning to the sect, "Chen surnamed the head of all ethnic groups" and "Anhan County number of people, surnamed Chen"), and built the Wenchang Hall, and his wife also donated dowry money to build the Guanyin Pavilion. "The monkey spring is between the cliffs of Guanyin, the ancients carved stones for the monkey body, the spring (the spring of the Fruit Mountain Ten Thousand Scrolls into the Ganlu Temple) comes out from the (stone monkey) Jiri, the cliff side stone carvings are like scales, and the county shou (Ming Long Qingnian) Wang Jiayou is engraved <<moniten spring >> two words". Because Guanyin Pavilion is a Buddhist temple, it fills the gap of folk beliefs that were the holy places of Confucianism before the Ming Dynasty, and further enriches the folk beliefs in Shunqing Nanchong. Chen Yiqin's son Chen Yuqin studied at Jinquan Academy since childhood, and was sent to the Libu Shangshu, Prince Taibao, and Wenyuange University Scholars; and the Wanjuan Lou, Ganlu Temple, Wenchang Hall, and Guanyin Pavilion were all located on Guoshan Mountain, which was convenient for the people of Nanchong to travel to the mountains to worship, so this place became a place of worship for the folk beliefs of the people of Nanchong. The Shi people worshiped the Wanjuan Lou and sacrificed Chen Shou "the ancestor of the ancient literature, and the land is gathered by the county crown"; the people of the people have the wish of praying for blessings and asking for heirs, and compete to drink the water of the "Mengquan Spring", hoping to drink the wisdom spring water drawn from the Chen Shou Wanjuan Lou and filtered by the Guanyin Pavilion of the Wenchang Hall of the Ganlu Temple, which can open the obscurantism, become pregnant, read ten thousand volumes, and be enthroned.
Around the height of the spring and March, the sun was shining brightly, the wind was pleasant, and the officials and rich gentry went out of the city with their families, and joined hands with tens of thousands of well-to-do people to ascend to the top and enjoy themselves with the people. Along the Qile Cape, visit the Reading Yi Cave (Feixian Cave) of Ren Han (Ming "Jiajing Eight Talents", one of the "Four Great Masters of Shu") of Qile Mountain, and then walk the Fire Fengshan Stone Mountain, along the way people enjoy the scenery, smell the fragrance of Fangfei flowers, and overlook the ancient city of Nanchong, referring to the comments that the Nine Palaces and Eighteen Temples in the ancient city building are strange and strange, funny and witty, mountain songs and answers, before and after, commonly known as walking the mountain (exorcism). People come to Jinquan Mountain, a fruit mountain next to Shizhu Mountain, to worship the mountain god Chen Shou first, and then go to the temple where they are worshipped according to their wishes. The officials of the Shi people called on their colleagues to sit on the rocks by the water's edge of Mengzi Cape Creek, called their attendants to wait, sat on the cloth dishes, floated cups to imitate "qu shui liu", wrote and rhymed with rhymes, drank and chanted poems, and drank and walked with candles in their hearts; the squires and gentlemen called on friends, sat on the new sprout lawn, swung the dam and dam feasted and drank and fought wine, and their plate cloth dishes were ordered by the elders, passed the cup and drank, guessed the fist to win, punished the wine to compete, laughed and laughed, and returned drunk; the deep boudoir was beautiful, and the women of the hut villages, after praying to the gods and making wishes, entered the temples to watch the temples and feast, and knew and made friends with Jinlan , share the bittersweet joys and sorrows of life, in order to seek mutual encouragement and mutual encouragement of the world. Since then, the convention has become the "March 3rd, play west mountain" phenological festival has flourished.
In april 1645, zhang Xianzhong led an army to attack Shunqing Province, "the city fell, and almost no relics were burned... Tiger and leopard into the city cannibalism", because Zhang Xianzhong led the soldiers to the horse, stationed in the Mengzi Cape "Flag Mountain" area, the Wanjuan Lou was also surrounded by horse garrisons to cause a lot of damage to the cultural relics of various scenic spots in this area, Qing Jia Qing Ding Di (1806 AD) Shunqing Province organized a gentleman donation, the Wanjuan Lou Ganlu Temple was repaired. Increase the "<< Longquan >>, lead the monkey spring water to the right of Wenchang Pavilion (Wenchang Hall), flow out from the Mouth of the Stone Dragon, and inherit it from the Square Stone Pond", until the 1970s, Nanchong several times "hit the divine water, cure all diseases" trend, are folk citizens to drink << the water of the Longquan >>.
The rise and fall of other folk religious activities arising from the worship of Chen Shou during the Republic of China period
In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920 AD), Yi Shen proposed to create the second park in Nanchong, from "planting peach trees from the jinquan mountain down to the west stream bank, because the garrison was abandoned". In the sixteenth year of the Republic of China (1927 AD), the "Jialing Dao Yin Gong Summer Plan, re-promotion scope to Qile Mountain, Mengzi Cape, Erlang Temple, Ma Urine Creek and other places, renamed Xishan Park." Zhongbao Jinquan, Guodui, Yuanbao, Turtle Baotai, Tianchi Mountains, and Huixian Creek, Guihuaping, Qile Cape, etc., surrounded by mountains and rivers, the scenery is strange, and it is the first resort of Guoguo. There are many relics of famous people in the Han, Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties, and are now funded by the Department to build roads, cultivate monuments, and replant forests." New and cultivated Kangle Pavilion, Huixian Bridge, Xiyu Pavilion, Meteorite Hall, Shi Cha Pavilion, Chaoyang Cave, Huixian Nunnery, Sleeping Buddha Hall, Chaoquan Temple, Gosi Pavilion, Xintiangang Temple, JinquanJing, Bodhi Road, Gongdao Monument, Forbidden Early Marriage Monument, Sai Yun Tai, Liuyun Pavilion, Han Seal Cliff Carving, Woyun Cliff Carving, Wanjiasheng Buddha Cliff Carving, Turning Back is the Buddha Cliff Carving, Decha Guozhou Cliff Carving, Zhongyi State Cliff Carving, Four Festivals of Filial Piety Arch, Hermit Maolu and many other landscapes.
Since the beginning of Confucianism in the Western Jin Dynasty, following the Tang and Song Dynasties And the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Three Religions have been formed, and the Ten Thousand Laws have been returned to the Sect, which has become the main activity place for nanchong folk beliefs and folk customs display. Since then, Chen Shou's "people are the ancestors of ancient literature" and the source of the ancient Guozhou Nanchong folk context; the Confucian Taoist culture and the folk worship of Qingguan, Zhongyi, and Jie filial piety that arose because of the sacrifice of Chen Shou as a symbol, and the "land of the Ten Thousand Scrolls Lou Mengzi Cape" Fengxi Spring "the extract of the county crown" became the root of the folk beliefs in nanchong, ancient Guozhou.
Later, due to the promotion of new schools, private industries, nanchong local people to establish schools or workshops, the whole city arose "to raise temple property, fight bodhisattvas, chase monks, demolish temples", spread to Ganlu Temple and other "first resorts attached to Guo", and then because of the experience of the War of Resistance, civil war nearly half a century of changes in the times, can not be managed, villagers occupy, most of the temples and monuments were transformed into industrial factories and schools or houses. In the summer of 1966, the Red Guards "broke the four olds" and destroyed the cultural relics and monuments left on both sides of the Mengzi Cape, but fortunately the Ten Thousand Scrolls Building was not demolished in the Silk School. On a sunny day in the early autumn of August 1972, at 10:00 a.m., more than a dozen craftsmen from the Second House Management Institute in Nanchong, Guocheng, pulled a rickshaw, came to the West Bridge to concentrate, and were ordered to go to Guoshan to demolish the Chen Shou Wanjuan Building. At the same time, another group of villagers, men, women and children, at the instigation of a cadre surnamed He of the Nanchong Construction Bureau at the time, cut down and sawed the Guoshan Chen Shou Wanjuan Building, which was a magnificent and antique wooden building, and then spread to the ganlu Temple and other historical sites on the side of the building, and even the chastity stone carving archway and the stone carved beasts next to the ancient road were destroyed by the villagers to make a pit, and many villagers destroyed the cliff carving calligraphy and paintings, and built houses on the rock to occupy the ancient road The ancient official road cultural relics and monuments have been lost.
Restore the practical significance of the sacrifice of Chen Shou
In order to commemorate the ancestor Chen Shou's "ancestor of ancient literature", on March 8, 1983, the Nanchong Municipal People's Government announced the ruins of the Wanjuan Building, which is a municipal cultural relics protection unit, and plans to restore it as it is.
In 1992, the Nanchong Municipal Government, which was not financially wealthy, allocated more than 10 million yuan to re-build the grand-scale Wanjuan Building at Yuping Mountain, which was divided into three major exhibition halls, preserving a large number of precious historical materials and cultural relics since the Han and Jin Dynasties.
In November 1993, at the "Commemoration of Chen Shou's Birth 1760 and the Symposium on international bachelor's studies in the culture of the Three Kingdoms" held in Nanchong, experts and scholars studying the culture of the three countries unanimously identified Nanchong as the "birthplace of the culture of the three countries".
Last year (2020), Chen Shou, the author of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and a native of Nanchong, was identified as the second batch of historical celebrities in Sichuan. In today's era of calling for vigorous promotion of traditional culture, the people of Nanchong follow the tradition of ancient ancestors participating in the sacrifice of Chen Shou, hold a ceremony of Chen Shou sacrifice, and resume the sacrifice of Chen Shou, so as to commemorate the ancestors Chen Shou and carry forward traditional culture has far-reaching practical significance. It is hoped that the people of Nanchong will publicize the historiographer Chen Shou of Nanchong and the culture of the Three Kingdoms of Nan as a local historian by resuming the ritual activities that have lasted for a thousand years, and in the upsurge of studying the culture of the Three Kingdoms in the whole world, they will use the "Chen Shou Sacrifice Ceremony", which is a way that the masses like to hear, is simple and easy to do, and has a strong advertising effect, publicize the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", publicize Nanchong, and enrich the cultural connotation of Nanchong as the "birthplace of the culture of the Three Kingdoms". As a result, a strong lively atmosphere of "Three Kingdoms Culture" is formed in Nanzhao, and then the "Three Kingdoms Culture" brand related to Nanchong as the "Birthplace of The Culture of the Three Kingdoms" and has the advantages of the local characteristics of Nanchong, promotes the rapid, sustainable and healthy development of tourism in Nanchong, and drives and promotes the development of the cultural industry related to the "Culture of the Three Countries" in Nanchong.
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The author of this article, Teacher Lan Jiaxing, took a picture at the ruins of the Wanjuan Building in Guoshan2021.10.4.
About the Author
Lang Jiaxing, pen name Blue Leech, nanchong Shunqing people. He is a director of Nanchong Cifu Society and an individual member of The Chen Shou Research Association of Sichuan Province. Grassroots scholar poet. He likes to study the classics of traditional Chinese studies, and purchases hundreds of types of classics such as "Twenty-Five Histories", "Thirteen Commentaries on the Thirteen Classics", "Zizhi Tongjian", "New Zizhi Tongjian", "Hundred Sons Complete Book", "Zhuzi Integration", "The Essentials of Mongolian Studies", "Mongolian Studies Instructions", "Wenxin Carved Dragon" and other hundreds of types of classics.
Focus on the collection and study of local folk folk barnyard literature and history, and his works "The Origin of Guocheng", "The Past and Present Life of the Three Officials Temple", "Fengya Mountain Xie Family Sister Marrying the City God", "Chen Ge Lao XiuQiao Dexian Help", "Chen Shou Soul Return to Du Wei Dam", "Shunqing Princess Love Breaks Zhu Fengshan", "Chen Shou Mo Tomb Examination" and so on are published in academic special issues of newspapers and magazines.
The long poem "Zhang Lingzan of the Ancient Heroes" and the folk song "Anti-Japanese War March March Song • Ten Cups of Tea" are permanently collected by the Nanjing Folk Anti-War Museum. Co-authored the Chinese-English-Japanese Silk Collector's Edition of Proverbs of the Three Kingdoms with experts. "Guoshan Sixian Fu" was shortlisted author of the national poetry collection activity of "Shunri Yao Tianzhang Hundred Descendants, Tang Sheng Han Yun Fu Nanchong".