The oil peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) is full of treasures, its flowers can be ornamental, the roots can be medicated, and the seeds can be pressed for oil. Oil peony seedlings generally need 2 to 3 years to see benefits after transplanting and planting, in order to improve soil utilization, increase the economic income of peony growers, and promote the rapid development of the peony industry. Intercropping of peony and soybean can increase production and income on the one hand, and soybeans can also inhibit weeds in peony fields on the other hand.
1 oil with peony cultivation points
1.1 Soil selection
Oil peony has higher soil requirements, choose sandy land with soft and fertile soil and excellent drainage performance as the best, avoid low-lying flooding stress, avoid clay and saline soil, and dig up drainage facilities in advance to ensure that water does not accumulate in the year of flooding. Soil pH value of 6 ~ 8 is the best, soil salinity is below 0.3%, for the alkaline or peracid area, a small amount of lime powder or sulfur needs to be mixed in order to achieve the purpose of adjusting the soil pH.
1.2 Variety Selection
In general, oil peonies take root in the same year, germinate the following year, and can be transplanted in the third year. Choose 2-year-old oil peony seedlings. The grain of the variety requires high oil yield and the plant is required to be free of diseases and insect pests. At present, 'Fengdan' peony is a more suitable oil peony cultivar in Jianghuai region.
Oil peony variety "Fengdan"
1.3 Land preparation and transplanting
1.3.1 Land Preparation
Peonies need to be retouched before transplanting. Before trimming, it is necessary to first apply the bottom fertilizer and insecticide fungicide, in terms of 1 mu of land, apply 150 to 200 kg cake fertilizer or 1000 to 1500 kg of decomposed manure, and add 40 to 50 kg of compound fertilizer, at the same time, the octyl thion granules and soil fungus as soil fungicide, insecticide, according to 1 acre of land 10 to 15 kg octyl thiophos granules and 4 to 5 kg of soil fungus ratio into the soil, and then use a rotary tiller to rotate the soil, tillage depth of 15.0 ~ 20.0 cm, so that the soil is loose and leveled.
Oil with peony seedlings
1.3.2 Transplanting
According to the growth characteristics of oil peony seedlings spring hair branches, autumn hair roots, summer napping, and winter dormancy, the cultivation time is selected in early September, the row spacing is 60 cm, the plant spacing is 40 cm, and 1 row of soybean is planted between every 2 rows of peony, and the cultivation depth is generally 15 to 20 cm. When planting, use a shovel to cut a gap of 5.0 to 10.0 cm wide and 25.0 to 30.0 cm deep, and put a peony seedling at each end of the gap, the root neck is about 2.0 cm below the ground, the root system is stretched, the soil is covered, and then compacted to make the root and soil in close contact.
1.4 Watering
Peony is afraid of waterlogging, peony growth generally does not need to be watered alone, can be watered at each time fertilization, but if there is a long-term lack of water, the edge of the peony leaf will dry up. Therefore, watering should be done in a timely and appropriate amount, depending on the weather conditions and the degree of drought of the soil. If the weather is dry, it can be watered every once in a while; if there is more rain, you should pay attention to timely drainage to prevent water flooding.
1.5 Topdressing
After the peony is transplanted, the topdressing is generally not carried out in that year, and the corresponding topdressing begins according to the characteristics of the fertilizer needed in the second year, mainly nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers. Before the Spring Qingming Dynasty, 40 to 50 kg of compound fertilizer mainly nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers were applied per mu to promote the growth and flowering of peony flower buds; after flowering, some phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were appropriately applied to promote the vegetative growth of plants and promote the differentiation of flower buds after autumn. The general principle of fertilizer application is to apply nitrogen fertilizer skillfully, re-apply phosphorus fertilizer, apply potassium fertilizer with distinction, create conditions for the application of farm manure, and advocate the application of molybdenum fertilizer and biological fertilizer.
1.6 Weeding
Peony in the growth process, should be timely weeding, especially in the rainy season, weeds are easy to grow and grow, at this time should pay attention to weeding work. During the growth of peonies, hoeing is conducive to increasing soil temperature and maintaining soil moisture. When spring comes, the sealed mounds can be slowly flattened in combination with hoes to facilitate field management. Before flowering, deep and medium tillage is controlled at a depth of 3.0 to 5.0 cm, and after flowering, shallow hoe is carried out, and the depth is controlled at 1.0 to 3.0 cm. If a herbicide is used, you can choose a fine quinocula and a high-efficiency cap. Soybean hoeing and oil peony hoeing can be carried out at the same time.
1.7 Pest control
The common disease of oil peony is brown spot disease, the prevention method is to spray 3 ° Be stone sulfur mixture before germination in the spring of early and mid-February, or carbendazim 500 times liquid, spraying to cover the entire ground; spray every 7 to 10 days before the flowering period of Bordeaux liquid or Daisen zinc liquid, etc.; in mid-to-late May, every 15 to 20 days, spray 1 carbendazim or methyl tolbuzin, bacillus and other fungicides until mid-to-late September; cut and burn the diseased leaves in time before winter. The main insect pests in the upper part of the peony are blowing wool shell insects, and the white insect body adheres to the branches and leaf backs in summer and autumn, and the control method is to spray the 500 times fluoroacetamide or 1000 times the oxidized Leguo medicinal solution or brush the branches with a stone sulfur compound after winter. Underground pests are mainly grubs, and the control method is to wash and pour 20 to 30 cm deep in the root with 0.25 kg of 50% octyl thiophosphorus emulsion 1000 to 1500 times liquid per mu of land.
1.8 Shaping trimming
After planting, the first year is allowed to grow, the second year before the winter stubble, in the spring, select a few strong, full, evenly distributed new shoots to retain, as the main branches, the rest are all removed. After that, 1 to 2 new shoots are selected intermittently every year or every other year as branches for cultivation, so that the plants can expand and plump year by year. In addition, it is usually necessary to remove the branches and shoots, dead branches, diseases and insect branches in time, maintain the dynamic balance between the aboveground part and the underground part, keep the plant with a balanced and appropriate amount of branches and beautiful plant shape, so that it is ventilated and transparent, and the nutrients are concentrated, so that it can grow vigorously and blossom consistently.
1.9 Harvesting
Peony seedlings with a plant age of 2 years generally do not flower and bear pods that year, for oil peonies with a plant age of more than 3 years, the pods become yellow when they mature, and should be harvested in time, at this time the dry matter accumulation and fatty acid content in the seeds have reached the highest. Peony seeds are picked too early, which will cause problems such as low oil yield and low seedling rate, affecting the quality of oil, picking too late, cracking the peel, and the grain is easy to fall and affect the yield.
Oil with peony seeds
2 Soybean cultivation points
2.1 Variety Selection
Soybeans are grown in oil peony fields, and according to their growth time and environment, soybean varieties should choose varieties with late ripening and good shade tolerance. Late maturing varieties had higher numbers and yields per plant, as well as higher protein content.
2.2 Sowing and density
In July, after harvesting the seeds of oil peony, you can sow soybeans, sow a row of soybeans between two rows of peonies, burrow sowing, plant spacing of about 30 to 40 cm, at least 2 seeds per hole, cover the soil and suppress after sowing.
2.3 Water and fertilizer management
Soybeans have a long growth period, and the base fertilizer must be used sufficiently. Compound fertilizer of 10 kg/mu can be applied before transplanting to meet the demand for growing nutrients. After flowering, 5 kg/mu of compound fertilizer can be applied retroactively.
2.4 Pest control
2.4.1 Diseases
Soybean seedling stage is very prone to vertical blight, root rot. Before sowing, soybean seeds are double-mixed with carbendazim or Fumei, which can be sown after drying, and 50% tolbuzin 100 g per mu can also be selected at the true leaf stage of seedlings, and sprayed with 50 kg of water once.
2.4.2 Insect pests
Soybean insect pests are mainly soybean nematodes, grubs, ground tigers and other insect pests. The use of low-toxicity and high-efficiency pesticides, the use of different types of insecticides is advocated alternately, so as to avoid pest resistance, and the spraying time is after 17:00 p.m. or before 9:00 a.m. Try to spray the liquid medicine directly on the insect body to kill and improve the effectiveness.
2.5 Harvest
Soybeans can be harvested fresh and dry. If you want to harvest edamame fresh food, you can harvest in mid-to-late September when the beans in the pods grow to fullness, when the water content is the most, the beans picked from the ground are still green; if you want to harvest dried soybeans, you should grasp the timing, wait for the stems and leaves to turn yellow, and the pods become dry, and the color is black and brown, indicating that the soybeans are ripe and can be harvested. If the harvest is too early, the soybean is not yet fully mature, not only the weight of the 100 grains will be reduced, but the protein and oil content will also be reduced. If the harvest is too late, there will be an "explosion", that is, the pods will explode and fall to the ground, causing waste and reducing production. After the soybean harvest is completed, the straw can be returned to the field as peony base fertilizer.
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The city flowers of Yancheng are peony and ziwei, and the dead branch peony of Yancheng convenience store has a history of more than 700 years, but at present, the number of peonies in the dry branch peony garden of Yancheng convenience store is only a few, and the development is slow.
Purple-spotted peony
According to research, the dead branch peony in Yancheng convenience warehouse is homologous with the purple spotted peony, in order to further promote the dry branch peony culture in Yancheng and cultivate new peony varieties, since 2017, Funing Best Shengxiang Horticulture Co., Ltd. has widely introduced domestic peony and peony germplasm resources from Henan Luoyang, Shandong Heze, Yunnan, Tibet, Sichuan, Gansu, Xinjiang and other places, and has introduced more than 150 varieties of various types of peony and peony, more than 120,000 plants, and established a peony germplasm resource garden, which focuses on the introduction of dead peony varieties (purple spotted peony), Develop the local peony culture of Yancheng.
A large peony tree that is 25-30 years old
A large peony tree that is 30 years old
The park covers an area of more than 50 acres, with 12 large peony trees with more than 100 years of age, more than 50 peony trees aged 25-30 years, and more than 5,000 bushes of peonies in 8-10 years.
A large peony tree that is 100 years old
A large peony tree that is 300 years old