In the process of handling the epidemic of African swine fever, the harmless treatment of sick and dead pigs, culled pigs and related products shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the "Norms for the Harmless Treatment of Diseased and Diseased Animals" (Agricultural Medical Development [2017] No. 25).
Regulations for the harmless treatment of diseased and diseased animals
This specification is formulated in order to implement the "Animal Epidemic Prevention Law of the People's Republic of China", "Regulations on the Administration of Pig Slaughter", "Regulations on Pollution of Livestock and Poultry Breeding" and other relevant laws and regulations, prevent the spread of animal diseases, ensure the quality and safety of animal products, and standardize the harmless treatment of sick and diseased animals and related animal products.
1 Scope of application
This specification applies to infected animals and their products stipulated by the state, animal carcasses that have died of disease or whose cause of death is unknown, diseased animals confirmed before slaughter, animal products that have been confirmed as inedible by quarantine or meat quality inspection during slaughtering, and other animals and animal products that should be treated harmlessly.
This specification stipulates the process and operation precautions for the harmless treatment of diseased and diseased animals and related animal products, and the requirements for packaging, temporary storage, transfer, personnel protection and recording of diseased and diseased animals and related animal products during the treatment process.
2 Citation specifications and standards
GB19217 Medical Waste Transfer Vehicle Requirements (Trial)
GB18484 Hazardous waste incineration pollution control standard
GB18597 Hazardous waste storage pollution control standard
GB16297 Comprehensive emission standard for air pollutants
GB14554 Emission standard for odorous pollutants
GB8978 Comprehensive sewage discharge standard
GB5085.3 Hazardous waste identification standard
GB/T16569 Disinfection specification for livestock and poultry products
GB19218 Medical waste incinerator requirements (trial)
GB/T19923 Urban sewage recycling Industrial water quality
When the above standards and documents are revised, the latest version of them should be used.
3 Terms and Definitions
3.1 Harmless treatment
The term "harmless treatment" as used in this specification refers to the process of using physical, chemical and other methods to deal with diseased and diseased animals and related animal products, eliminate the pathogens they carry, and eliminate the harm.
3.2 Incineration
Incineration refers to the method of oxidation reaction or pyrolysis reaction in the incineration container to make diseased and diseased animals and related animal products under oxygen-enriched or anaerobic conditions.
3.3 Chemical System
Chemical preparation method refers to the method of processing diseased and diseased animals and related animal products under the action of dry heat, pressure or steam and pressure in a closed high-pressure vessel by introducing high-temperature saturated steam into the container sandwich or into the container.
3.4 High temperature method
The high temperature method refers to the method of using high temperature to treat diseased and diseased animals and related animal products in a closed system under atmospheric pressure.
3.5 Deep burial method
The deep burial method refers to the method of putting sick and diseased animals and related animal products into deep burial pits and covering and disinfecting them in accordance with relevant regulations, and disposing of diseased and diseased animals and related animal products.
3.6 Sulphate decomposition
Sulfuric acid decomposition method refers to the method of decomposing diseased and diseased animals and related animal products with sulfuric acid under certain conditions in a closed container.
4 Treatment of diseased and diseased animals and related animal products
4.1 Incineration
4.1.1 Applicable Objects
Infected animals and their products as prescribed by the State, carcasses of animals whose cause of death or cause of death is unknown, diseased animals confirmed before slaughter, animal products that are confirmed to be inedible during slaughtering by quarantine or meat quality inspection, and other animals and animal products that should be treated harmlessly.
4.1.2 Direct incineration
4.1.2.1 Processes
4.1.2.1.1 Pretreatment such as crushing of diseased and diseased animals and related animal products may be carried out as appropriate.
4.1.2.1.2 The diseased and diseased animals and related animal products or broken products are thrown into the combustion chamber of the incinerator body, and after full oxidation and pyrolysis, the high-temperature flue gas generated enters the secondary combustion chamber to continue to burn, and the slag produced is discharged through the slag discharger.
4.1.2.1.3 The temperature of the combustion chamber should be ≥ 850 °C. The residence time of the flue gas produced by combustion from the last combustion air injection or burner outlet to the heat exchange surface or flue cold air inlet should be ≥2s. The oxygen content in the incinerator outlet flue gas should be 6% to 10% (dry gas).
4.1.2.1.4 The outlet flue gas of the secondary combustion chamber is treated by the waste heat utilization system and the flue gas purification system, and is discharged after meeting the requirements of GB16297.
4.1.2.1.5 Incineration fly ash collected by incinerator slag and dust removal equipment shall be collected, stored and transported separately. Incinerator slag is treated or recycled according to general solid waste; solid waste collected by incineration fly ash and other exhaust gas purification devices needs to be identified as hazardous waste according to GB5085.3, and if it is hazardous waste, it is treated according to GB18484 and GB18597 requirements.
4.1.2.2 Operational Considerations
4.1.2.2.1 Strictly control the frequency and weight of incineration feed, so that diseased and diseased animals and related animal products can be in full contact with the air to ensure complete combustion.
4.1.2.2.2 The combustion chamber shall maintain a negative pressure state to avoid flue gas leakage during the incineration process.
4.1.2.2.3 An emergency discharge chimney is provided at the top of the secondary combustion chamber and opened in case of emergency.
4.1.2.2.4 Flue gas purification systems, including quenching towers, induced draft fans and other facilities.
4.1.3 Carbonization incineration method
4.1.3.1 Processes
4.1.3.1.1 Diseased and diseased animals and related animal products are thrown into the pyrolysis carbonization chamber, and after full pyrolysis in the absence of oxygen, the pyrolysis flue gas generated enters the secondary combustion chamber to continue to burn, and the solid carbonide residue generated is discharged through the pyrolysis carbonization chamber.
4.1.3.1.2 The pyrolysis temperature should be ≥ 600 °C, the secondary combustion chamber temperature should be ≥ 850 °C, and the flue gas should stay above 850 °C after incineration for ≥2s.
4.1.3.1.3 After the flue gas is recovered from the thermal energy of the pyrolysis and carbonization chamber, it is reduced to about 600 °C, and discharged after the flue gas purification system is treated to meet the requirements of GB16297.
4.1.3.2 Operational Considerations
4.1.3.2.1 The sealing of the furnace door of the pyrolysis carbonization system shall be checked to ensure the oxygen insulation state of the pyrolysis carbonization chamber.
4.1.3.2.2 Pyrolysis output ducts shall be inspected and cleaned periodically to avoid blockages.
4.1.3.2.3 The top of the pyrolysis carbonization chamber shall be provided with an explosion-proof port connected to the atmosphere, and the pressure relief can be automatically opened when the pressure in the pyrolysis carbonization chamber is too large.
4.1.3.2.4 The temperature of pyrolysis, the heating rate and the residence time of the material in the pyrolysis carbonization chamber shall be strictly controlled according to the type and volume of the treated substance.
4.2 Chemical System
4.2.1 Applicable Objects
It should not be used for the treatment of infected animals, products and tissues with bacillus blight such as anthrax, as well as bovine spongiform encephalopathy and itching. Other applicable objects are the same as 4.1.1.
4.2.2 Drying method
4.2.2.1 Processes
4.2.2.1.1 Pretreatment of diseased and diseased animals and related animal products may be carried out as appropriate.
4.2.2.1.2 Sick and diseased animals and related animal products or broken products are transported into autoclaved containers.
4.2.2.1.3 The core temperature of the treated substance ≥ 140 °C, the pressure ≥ 0.5 MPa (absolute pressure), the time ≥ 4h (the specific treatment time is set according to the type of treated substance and the size of the volume).
4.2.2.1.4 The hot steam generated by heating and drying is discharged through the exhaust gas treatment system.
4.2.2.1.5 Animal carcass residue from heating and drying is transferred to the pressing system for processing.
4.2.2.2 Operational Considerations
4.2.2.2.1 The working time of the mixing system should be divided into drying residues that are basically free of water, and the mixing time should be appropriately extended or shortened according to the amount of treated materials.
4.2.2.2.2 A reasonable sewage treatment system should be used to effectively remove organic matter and ammonia nitrogen to meet the requirements of GB8978.
4.2.2.2.3 A reasonable waste gas treatment system should be used to effectively absorb the malodorous gas produced by the decay of animal carcasses during the treatment process, and discharge it after meeting the requirements of GB16297.
4.2.2.2.4 Autoclaved container operators shall meet the relevant professional requirements and hold a certificate.
4.2.2.2.5 After the treatment is completed, the walls, floors and their related tools shall be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
4.2.3 Humidification method
4.2.3.1 Processes
4.2.3.1.1 Crushing and pretreatment of diseased and diseased animals and related animal products may be carried out as appropriate.
4.2.3.1.2 The total mass of the dead and diseased animals and related animal products or broken products shall not exceed four-fifths of the total capacity of the container by sending them into high temperature and high pressure containers.
4.2.3.1.3 The core temperature of the treated substance ≥ 135 °C, the pressure ≥ 0.3 MPa (absolute pressure), and the treatment time ≥ 30min (the specific treatment time is set according to the type of treated substance and the size of the volume).
4.2.3.1.4 After the end of high temperature and high pressure, the treatment products shall be separated from solid and liquid for the first time.
4.2.3.1.5 After the solids are crushed, they are sent to the drying system; the liquid part is sent to the oil-water separation system for treatment.
4.2.3.2 Operational Considerations
4.2.3.2.1 Operators of high-temperature and high-pressure containers shall meet the relevant professional requirements and hold certificates.
4.2.3.2.2 After the treatment, the walls, floors and their related tools shall be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
4.2.3.2.3 The condensed discharge water shall be cooled and discharged, and the wastewater generated shall be treated by the sewage treatment system to meet the requirements of GB8978.
4.2.3.2.4 The waste gas in the treatment workshop shall be treated by installing an automatic spray disinfection system, an exhaust system and a high-efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA filter), etc., and discharged after meeting the requirements of GB16297.
4.3 High temperature method
4.3.1 Applicable Objects
Same as 4.2.1.
4.3.2 Processes
4.3.2.1 Pretreatment of diseased and diseased animals and related animal products may be carried out as appropriate. The volume of the treated substance or crushed product (length× width× height) ≤ 125 cm3 (5 cm×5 cm×5 cm).
4.3.2.2 Grease is fed into the vessel and the sandwich of the vessel is heated by heat transfer oil or other medium.
4.3.2.3 Sick and diseased animals and related animal products or broken products are transported into containers and mixed with grease. Under atmospheric pressure, maintain the internal temperature of the container ≥ 180 °C, the duration ≥ 2.5h (the specific treatment time depends on the type of treated substance and the size of the volume).
4.3.2.4 The hot steam generated by heating is discharged through the exhaust gas treatment system.
4.3.2.5 Animal carcass residues from heating are transferred to the pressing system for processing.
4.3.3 Operational Considerations
Same as 4.2.2.2.
4.4 Deep burial method
4.4.1 Applicable Objects
Emergency treatment of diseased and dead animals in the event of animal epidemics or natural disasters, as well as the treatment of sporadic diseased and dead livestock and poultry in remote and inaccessible areas. It should not be used for the treatment of infected animals, products and tissues with bacillus blight such as anthrax, as well as bovine spongiform encephalopathy and itching.
4.4.2 Site Selection Requirements
4.4.2.1 A location with high and dry terrain and downwind direction shall be selected.
4.4.2.2 Stay away from schools, public places, residential areas, villages, animal breeding and slaughtering sites, drinking water sources, rivers, etc.
4.4.3 Processes
4.4.3.1 The volume of the deep burial pit is determined by the number of animal carcasses and related animal products actually disposed of.
4.4.3.2 The bottom of the deep buried pit should be more than 1.5m above the groundwater level, and it should be anti-seepage and leak-proof.
4.4.3.3 Sprinkle the bottom of the pit with a layer of quicklime or bleach powder and other disinfectants with a thickness of 2 to 5 cm.
4.4.3.4 Animal carcasses and related animal products are thrown into the pit at a maximum distance of more than 1.5 m from the surface.
4.4.3.5 Disinfection of disinfectants such as quicklime or bleach.
4.4.3.6 Cover the cover soil 20 to 30 cm from the surface and the thickness is not less than 1 to 1.2 m.
4.4.4 Operational Considerations
4.4.4.1 Do not bury the soil too solidly, so as not to cause bubbles and liquid leakage caused by corrupt gas production.
4.4.4.2 After deep burial, a warning sign shall be set up at the place of deep burial.
4.4.4.3 After deep burial, it shall be inspected once a day in the first week, and once a week from the second week onwards, for 3 consecutive months, and the collapse of the deep burial pit shall be covered in time.
4.4.4.4 Immediately after deep burial, disinfect the deep burial site once and thoroughly with disinfectants such as chlorine preparations, bleaching powder or quicklime. Disinfection should be carried out once a day in the first week, and once a week from the second week onwards, for more than three consecutive weeks.
4.5 Chemical treatment methods
4.5.1 Sulphate decomposition
4.5.1.1 Applicable Objects
4.5.1.2 Processes
4.5.1.2.1 Pretreatment of diseased and diseased animals and related animal products may be carried out as appropriate.
4.5.1.2.2 The diseased and diseased animals and related animal products or crushed products are thrown into the acid-resistant hydrolysis tank, and 150 to 300 kg of water is added according to each ton of treated substance, and then 98% of the concentrated sulfuric acid is added 300 to 400 kg (the specific amount of water and concentrated sulfuric acid is set with the moisture content of the treated substance).
4.5.1.2.3 Closed hydrolysis tank, heating the hydrolysis tank to rise to 100 ~ 108 °C, maintaining pressure ≥ 0.15MPa, reaction time ≥4h, to the tank body of the disease and death and diseased animals and related animal products completely decomposed into a liquid state.
4.5.1.3 Operational Considerations
4.5.1.3.1 The strong acid used in the treatment shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the national hazardous chemical safety management and the management of precursor chemicals, and the operator shall do a good job in personal protection.
4.5.1.3.2 During hydrolysis, water is first added to the acid-resistant hydrolysis tank, followed by concentrated sulfuric acid.
4.5.1.3.3 The total volume of the control treatment shall not exceed 70% of the container capacity.
4.5.1.3.4 Containers for acidolysis reactions and containers for storing acid solutions are required to be resistant to strong acids.
4.5.2 Chemical disinfection
4.5.2.1 Applicable Objects
Suitable for disinfection of animal fur contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms or suspected of contamination.
4.5.2.2 Hydrochloric acid salt solution disinfection method
4.5.2.2.1 Mix with 2.5% hydrochloric acid solution and 15% salt water solution in equal amounts, soak the skin in this solution, and keep the solution temperature at about 30 ° C, soak for 40h, 1m2 of skin with 10L disinfectant (or according to 100mL25% salt water solution to add 1mL of hydrochloric acid to prepare disinfectant, soaked at room temperature 15 ° C for 48h, the ratio of skin to disinfectant is 1:4).
4.5.2.2.2 Drain after soaking, put in 2% (or 1%) sodium hydroxide solution to neutralize the acid on the skin, rinse with water and let dry.
4.5.2.3 Peracetic acid disinfection method
4.5.2.3.1 Steep the fur in a freshly prepared 2% peracetic acid solution for 30 min.
4.5.2.3.2 Remove the fur, rinse with water and let dry.
4.5.2.4 Alkali salt soaking disinfection method
4.5.2.4.1 Immerse the fur in 5% alkali saline (5% sodium hydroxide in saturated brine), soak at room temperature (18 ~ 25 ° C) for 24 h, and stir at any time.
4.5.2.4.2 Remove the fur and hang it, wait for the alkali salt to flow clean, and soak it in 5% hydrochloric acid solution to neutralize the acid and alkali on the skin.
4.5.2.4.3 Remove the fur, rinse with water and let dry.
5 Collection of transshipment requirements
5.1 Packaging
5.1.1 Packaging materials should meet the requirements of airtightness, waterproof, impermeable, anti-damage, corrosion resistance and so on.
5.1.2 The volume, size and quantity of packaging materials shall match the volume and quantity of sick and diseased animals and related animal products to be handled.
5.1.3 Seals shall be carried out after packaging.
5.1.4 After use, disposable packaging materials should be destroyed, and recyclable packaging materials should be cleaned and disinfected.
5.2 Staging
2.1 Use frozen or refrigerated for temporary storage to prevent disease and death before harmless treatment and the spoilage of diseased animals and related animal products.
5.2.2 The temporary storage place shall be waterproof, anti-seepage, anti-rat, anti-theft, easy to clean and disinfect.
5.2.3 The staging site shall be provided with obvious warning signs.
5.2.4 The temporary storage site and the surrounding environment shall be cleaned and disinfected regularly.
5.3 Transshipment
5.3.1 Vehicles that meet the conditions of GB19217 or special enclosed van carriers can be selected. Corrosion-resistant materials should be used on the four walls and bottom of the carriage, and anti-seepage measures should be taken.
5.3.2 Special transfer vehicles shall be clearly marked and equipped with on-board positioning systems to record information such as transfer time and path.
5.3.3 Before the vehicle leaves the temporary storage, breeding and other places, the wheels and the outside of the carriage shall be disinfected.
5.3.4 Transit vehicles should avoid entering densely populated areas as much as possible.
5.3.5 If leakage occurs during transfer, it shall be repackaged, disinfected and transported.
5.3.6 After unloading, the transfer vehicle and related tools shall be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
6 Other requirements
6.1 Protection of Personnel
6.1.1 The staff of the collection, temporary storage, transfer and harmless treatment of diseased and diseased animals and related animal products shall be specially trained to master the corresponding animal epidemic prevention knowledge.
6.1.2 Staff shall wear protective clothing, masks, goggles, rubber shoes and gloves during operation.
6.1.3 Staff shall use special collection tools, packaging supplies, transfer tools, cleaning tools, disinfection equipment, etc.
6.1.4 After the completion of the work, disposable protective equipment shall be destroyed and recycled protective equipment shall be disinfected.
6.2 Documentation Requirements
6.2.1 The collection, temporary storage, transfer, harmless treatment and other aspects of diseased and diseased animals and related animal products shall have ledgers and records. Where conditions permit, the driving information of the transfer vehicle and the video records of the relevant links should be saved.
6.2.2 Ledgers and Records
6.2.2.1 Staging
6.2.2.1.1 The receipt ledger and records shall include the source site (household) of diseased and diseased animals and related animal products, the type, quantity, animal identification number, cause of death, disinfection method, collection time, handling personnel, etc.
6.2.2.1.2 The accounts and records of the transport shall include the transport personnel, contact information, transfer time, license plate number, type, quantity, animal identification number, disinfection method, transfer destination and handling personnel of the sick and diseased animals and related animal products.
6.2.2.2 Processing
6.2.2.2.1 The receipt ledger and records shall include the source, type, quantity, animal identification number, transporter, contact information, license plate number, receipt time and handling personnel of sick and diseased animals and related animal products.
6.2.2.2.2 The processing ledger and records shall include the processing time, processing method, processing quantity and operators.
6.2.3 Ledgers and records relating to the harmless treatment of diseased and diseased animals and related animal products shall be kept for at least two years.