There are about 965 million domestic pigs worldwide. Among them, There are 476 million domestic pigs in China, accounting for 49% of the total, ranking first in the world; the second place is the United States, with 649 million.
But now the vast majority of Chinese breeders are white pigs. White pigs are foreign imported. There are few native Chinese pigs.
Pigs inside the farm
Pigs native to China are black pigs, which are black pigs that are black in color.
Wild boars were first domesticated in China, and the history of pig farming in China dates back to the early and middle Neolithic periods. In the pre-Qin period, according to the oracle bones excavated from the Yin Ruins, pigs were already housed in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. China's pigs before the 1950s were all traditional black pigs. Strictly speaking, the black pig is not a pig breed, it is a collective name for a black coat color pig breed. Currently, there are more than 400 pig breeds worldwide. Among them, China has 64 local pig breeds, the first among all countries.
Black Pig
However, due to the slow growth period and low weight, the annual birth of black pigs is only 150 pounds. Some varieties of white pigs abroad can be released in 3-4 months, while the growth cycle of black pigs is 12 months, which is three or four times that of ordinary white pigs. Chinese people's strong demand for pork needs to be met urgently. In addition, black pigs eat more, long less, the ratio of material to meat is too low, and although China is rich in land, but the population is large, the per capita resource occupancy is low, the total consumption of pork is high, and the pork with a high ratio of feed and meat is in line with China's national conditions, so lean pigs are popular in China.
Most of the pork in the market is white pigs
In 1964, China first introduced the long white pig from Sweden. Later, it was successively introduced from Sweden, Britain, France, Japan and other countries. In China, the era of the introduction of commercial pigs in China was ushered in.
In 1972, the "National Pig Breeding Scientific Research Collaboration Group" was established, and experts proposed a concept of "three modernizations", that is, "boar alienation, sow localization, and commercial pig hybridization". In line with the principle of strengthening the selection and breeding of local breeds and actively cultivating new pig breeds, more than 300 changbai pigs were introduced from Denmark in 1980.
Long white pig
York pigs were introduced from the UK in 1981-1982 because of their large size and fast growth. They are raised in Huangpi Foreign Trade Breeding Farm, Changliu Breeding Pig Farm, and Hangtou Foreign Trade Breeding Farm in Shanghai. The biggest feature of this batch of pigs is fast growth, developed hind body, high lean meat rate, lean meat rate of up to 64%, set off in the country set off the British great white pig fever. In 1996, the Beijing Pig Breeding Center introduced patrilineal white pigs from the United Kingdom, and their daily weight gain of 30 to 100 kg reached 1195 grams, the feed weight gain ratio was 2.03:1, and the lean meat rate was 64.5%. In October 1996, Shunyi Xiaodian Fine Breeding Farm introduced British matrilineal large white pigs, with an average litter of 11.6 heads, a daily weight increase of 860 grams, and a feed weight gain ratio of 2.6:1. The earlier pig farms for raising the great white pig include Dongxiang Breeding Farm in Jiangxi Province, Wuqing Original Breeding Farm in Tianjin, Yutian Breeding Farm in Hebei, Jinhua Breeding Farm in Zhejiang Province, and Breeding Pig Farm in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province. In 1996, Jiangxi Breeding Farm introduced the new Canadian great white pig; The breeding pig farm of the Animal Husbandry Bureau of Fuxin City, Liaoning Province, also introduced Canadian large white pigs in 1998. In 1996, Tianjin Wuqing original breeding farm introduced Danish large white pigs, with an average daily weight gain of 880 grams, a feed weight gain ratio of 2.4:1, and a lean meat rate of 64%; Shenyang Masanjia Mechanized Pig Breeding Experimental Farm and Guangdong Baishi Pig Farm introduced Danish large white pigs in 1997 and 1998 respectively.
York Pig
1982-1983 Imported Duroc pork from the United States, Locke pork is hairy brown and red, different shades of color, two ears of medium size, slightly upward leaning, thick and strong limbs, full posterior body muscles, strong resistance to stress, high carcass lean meat rate, good meat quality, in hybrid production is generally used as a terminal father. The carcass lean meat rate is 61 to 64%, and the daily weight gain is about 750 grams.
According to the introduction of white pigs, a number of new breeds of white pigs have been bred, mainly including Ha White Pig, Shanghai White Pig, Beijing Black Pig, New Golden Pig and so on.
Improved white pig
With the birth of new pig breeds, some regions have also promoted the artificial insemination of pigs, as well as tried to produce and sell compound feed.
Black Pig Exhibition
After a few stages, China's pig breeding has completely entered the era of commodity quantitative lean pork production. Therefore, after the 1980s, the black pig completely turned white, so after the Western white pig entered China in a big way at the end of the last century, some breeds even reached the point of extinction. The Tuhe Black Pig is a rare conservation population in contemporary times.
Tuhe Black Pig