<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="1" > easily misjudged as dialectal words</h1>
Some of the words we are accustomed to thinking of in dialects are, in fact, appear from time to time in ancient texts, and are not people's subjective speculations. In a sense, they are precisely the communication language of the ancients, and some are even the standard official dialects of the time, but with the changes of the times and the development of society, some ancient words that originally carried important communicative functions were replaced by new words, so they gradually faded out of people's communication categories, so that today's people mistakenly think that they are dialects and native languages. If you trace back to the roots, you can unexpectedly find that many of the so-called "dialects and local languages" were originally derived from the transformation of daya words. Here, I would like to talk to you about a few elegant words that have been mistakenly identified as dialects.
1. Paradox [ diào guǐ ]
Paradox, commonly known as green paradox. Tang Lu Deming's "Classic Commentary" explains: "Hanging, such as words; another sound, to also; tricky, different also." "Meaning weird; peculiar. Quote from the "Zhuangzi Qiwu Theory": "Qiu is also with the woman, both dream also; to give the female dream, also dream also." It is its words also, and its name is paradox. Ming Hu Yinglin's "Poetry and The Kingdom Upwards": "For more than a thousand years, there has been no such thing as a person who is hidden and deceitful, and who tends to be different from the ordinary." Qing Shen Deqian's "Speaking Poetry and Sayings" scrolled down: "Wang Li Xing, the auxiliary wing, is sick in the same way; those who attack are also sick in the new paradox." Lu Xun's "On the Partiality of Grave Culture": "At the end of the nineteenth century, the heavy individual was very strange, especially not comparable to the past." From this, we can see that the word "paradox" is originally a noble word, and it is incompatible with the human sexual organs.
2、 Gantu pronounced [bì xì]
One of the nine sons of the dragon in ancient Han mythology and legend, also known as Baxia, Ao, Turtle, Filling, Dragon Turtle and so on. It is born of the dragon king and the turtle stealing love, so it is shaped like a turtle, good at bearing weights, and can ride three mountains and five mountains, symbolizing "longevity and auspiciousness". Legend has it that when Dayu ruled the water, he subdued him, dug a ditch for Dayu Tou Mountain, dredged the river channel, and later Dayu was worried about his regeneration incident, so he moved a huge stone stele that stood on top of the sky and the earth, which was engraved with his water control feats, making it difficult for him to walk for many years, commonly known as the "Sacred Turtle and Camel Monument". But the ass was still holding his head high, clutching the ground on all fours, his limbs forward, never stopping.
The connotation of "赑屃" is extremely rich in traditional Chinese culture, and there are about the following meanings. 1. Strong and powerful. "Anthology of Zhang Heng< Xijing Fu >": "The giant spirit is lonely, and the palm is far away." Xue Zong's note: "Gantu, the appearance of power is also." Tang Dufu's poem "Sending Gu Bafen Literature to Hongjizhou": "In the past, in the Kaiyuan, Han Cai was the same as Gantu. Qing Weiyuan's "Guixi Xiangshan Dragon and Tiger Mountain Poems": "Oh ya is angry with respect, and the axe is broken." "2. Refers to the appearance of exerting force of qi. Song Wang Anshi's "Tong Wang Junxian Liang Fu Gui": "The northern return is with judu Dayu, and the two husbands are invincible." "3. Dignified appearance; strong appearance. Tang Lutong's "Lunar Eclipse Poem": "Sensen Wanmu stands at night, and the cold air is stubborn and windless." Song Sima Guang's poem "Jingren Summons drinking in the East Garden Chengyan Shengci Dao Junxi Cai Yuan Zi Rong": "Go to the winter to insult Jia Zhao, the cold wind Fang Gantu." Ming Shen Menglin's "Yu Zhong" poem: "The great river winds around Changhuai, killing the cold and cold." "4. Large and heavy. Song Sima Guang's poem "Sending Qi Scholars to Know Jingnan": "Qi Xu Zhi Pan Mengze, Lou Fang Zhen Tu Suppress Jiang Tao." Qing Gao Shiqi's "Notes on the Retreat of Jin'ao" scroll: "All around are stones, gantu gong gong, 藼 seal vine network, Jia mu strange grass, ShangYan side affix, and fan ge fei fei." "5. By extension, to shoulder heavy responsibilities. Qing Mao Qiling's "Spring and Autumn Mao Clan Biography and Xuan Gong Second Year": "Fu wears this shield brother, also this shield party, the battle of Qin and Jin, all of them are as a puppet." ”
Turtle and dragon Fenglin, in the ancient Han totem culture and called the four spirits, are the only real existence among the four spirits, and their status is incomparable. However, modern women and wives exchange words, and often insult each other with, and the GaiyinYuan people compare adulterers to turtles with shrunken heads, so the noble and sacred image of the turtle collapses.
3. 虺尵 pronounced [ huī tuí ]
Also known as "虺隤". Fatigue and illness in the original sense (mostly used in horses). From the first collection of poems in ancient China, "Shi Zhou Nan Scroll Ear": "Zhi Pi Cui Song, I Ma Yu Kui." "It means climbing the high earth and stone mountain, and the horse's feet are tired and depressed." Mao Chuan: "虺隤, also sick." Song Wang Anshi's poem "Staying with Tianxiao At Qingliang Temple": "The old man did not hesitate to come to me once a year." Ming Zhang Juzheng 'Begging for Rest Again:' "So that the heart and blood are depleted, the muscles are weak, and if the outside is reluctantly supported, the decline of Zhongshi has been very much." Ye Ye "Manshu Xingzuo All Sent and Showed Yan Plot": "Go west to Jiangtou and the past, for the sake of my horse has been destroyed." Modern people use the horse's "fatigue and illness" as a metaphor for people's carelessness, resulting in an embarrassing and irreversible dilemma. For example: "This time it was so bad that I went out and forgot the key in the house." "My car tires burst and broke down halfway"
4. Mocking [zhāo zhā]
Same as "chirping", an onomatopoeic word, describes a cluttered sound. Source: Selected Writings. PAN Yue. By Tian Fu: "The pipe is mocking to chirping, and the drum is hidden to bang." "Don. Bai Juyi (琵琶行): "There is no mountain song and village flute, and it is difficult to listen to the dumb and mocking." Modern people also often use this word, such as: "Most students can study in the classroom with peace of mind, only a few students are there to taunt and scream, affecting everyone"; in addition, the author's hometown, the junction area of Yuwan and Anhui, often "wheezing" and "uproar" are used together, meaning the same mockery, such as: "Keep the venue quiet, do not make a noise below." ”
5. Tà róng
阘, 小戶, by extension humble; "furry", small grass. A metaphor for a person of humble status or low character. The two-word synthesis is explained as follows: 1. Qualifications are blunt and stupid. Han Huankuan's "Salt and Iron Theory and Discussion of Profit": "Zhusheng has no deeds, says more than not, and does not match his feelings." "Old Book of Tang, Biography of Wang Ling": "Ling Yun is not as good as Shuwen, only bribes, no ambition, and ugly appearance." Zhang Binglin's "Theory of the State": "The special people who insist on thinking that they are famous, they do not know what the crowd has achieved, and their ability is the most powerful." ”
2. Refers to mediocre, inferior people or horses, etc. Han Jiayi's "Hanging Qu Yuanfu": "The honor of The Ancestors of the Emperor, the Slander of The Zhi." "Chu Ci Liu Xiang< Nine Sighs and Sorrows>": "TongXun and Tang Qi, Miscellaneous Class And Huang Rong." Wang Yi's note: "闒茸, 驽钝也." Hong Xingzu added: "Rong, inferior." "The Biography of Yan Yan of the Book of Song": "Traveling with koji and indulging in koji." Ming ZhangJing's "Flying Pill Chronicles • Gongguan Romance": "Watching the mushrooms are all evaded, so that the decaying bones are favored." "3. Humble. Refers to a person of humble status or despicable character, and is extended to mean indecent and lowly. Chinese. Sima Qian's "Book of Retribution": "Now that it has been reduced to the subordination of the removal, in the midst of the tsunami, it is the desire to believe in the eyebrows of the head of the people, to discuss the right and wrong, not to lightly the imperial court, and to shame the evil of the people of the world?" "In modern population languages, the use rate of this word is very high, but there are very few people who can write.
6. Flickering [hūyou]
The word "flickering" first came from the "Zhuangzi Ying Emperor": "The emperor of the South China Sea is You, the emperor of the North Sea is Ku, and the emperor of the central sea is chaotic." You and Yu meet in the land of chaos, and they treat it very well. You and Ku a certain reward of chaotic virtues, that is, "Everyone has seven tricks, to try to listen to food, this is unique, try to chisel it." 'One day chiseled, seven days and chaotic death.' This means that the Emperor of the North Sea and the Emperor of the South China Sea often run to the chaotic place of the Central Emperor to play, and the Chaos is very good to them, so the Second Emperor of the Emperor of the Sea of Chaos discussed repaying chaos, saying that everyone has seven tricks, using to see, listen, eat, drink, and breathe, but chaos does not, it is better for us to help him chisel it out, as a reward. So Ku heyou helped Chaos chisel a hole every day, and as a result, after seven days, Chaos died. Suddenly, with his own cleverness, he violated the way of nature and was self-defeating. Since then, "flickering" has become the meaning of making things up, setting traps, hooking people, and fooling people. Zhao Benshan's sketch "Selling Abduction" became popular at the Spring Festival Gala, accelerating the popularity and application of the word among the public, and now people often say "flickering", gradually replacing the trend of "fraud".
7、圪蹴 [gē jiù]
Mandarin pronunciation [gē jiù], but the pronunciation is different from place to place, some places are called "gē cù", Henan people say "gūjué", while northwestern Anhui people read "gǔdéi", and even directly mistakenly wrote "圪堆". Both characters are included in xu shen's Shuowen Jiezi of the Han Dynasty: "圪, wall height also, poem: Chongyuan 圪圪." From the sound of earthy air, the fish cut. "Kee, stomp, sound from the foot, seven lodges cut." It can be seen that these are two very old Chinese characters, not dialect slang as people imagine. "圪" refers to small earth bags, raised pieces of earth, or piles. The original meaning of "kick" is to shrink together and squat together. The combination of the two can be compared to a person squatting down, shrinking together, like a dirt bag.
In the north, especially in the area where the author's hometown of northwestErn Anhui and Henan border, in the past, people liked to carry bowls to the rice market when eating. The so-called dining room is a public place where villagers often hold activities. Villagers are accustomed to sneaking along the roots of the wall or trees, not sitting down, just squatting. For example: "From the place where he just stepped [gǔdéi] to the steps of the main house, there is about a dozen steps." "The old sheep [gǔdéi] listens to the radio on a stone bench in front of the door."
8, Hakama [kùchuó]
"Hakama" is a variant of "绔". The Shuowen explains it as: "绔, shiny cloth also". The "Interpretation of Names and Interpretation of Clothes" says: "Hakama, cross also, two strands of each cross also." Later, he began to write "hakama". "History of the Zhao Family" "Lady is in the middle of the child' nest." "Huainanzi Yuan Daoxun" "Short and not clumsy. Jin Dynasty Cui Bao's "Ancient and Modern Notes" Yun: "Hakama, Gaigu No. King Wu of Zhou used cloth as a cloth and was known as a fold. The king of Jing took the name of hakama, but did not sew only, and the clothes of the people were also. "In ancient times, it actually refers to a kind of riding suit, wrapped in the legs, equivalent to open crotch pants. "丵", Rao Jiong's "Shuowen Interpretation of the First Order": "丵, the ancient language, Yu Zhuo Jieye, cover the words that describe the appearance of the grass. "The combination of the two is actually to say that cloth or clothes are piled up like weeds, which is a metaphor for things wrinkled together, uneven, wrinkled. For example, when acquaintances joke and find that others are displeased, they will say, "Look at you, hakama, as if others owe you two hundred dollars." Some people also pointed to each other's clothes and said: Look at your pants, hakama can't wear them. "When someone frowns and sulks, friends will persuade when they see it: "Don't be a hakama all day long, let people look at it and feel uncomfortable."
The evolution of language is a very interesting culture, a special and interesting existence. If you study it deeply, you will find that some words that modern people think are dialects are, in fact, the words of Daya have been derived from the transformation of the long historical evolution.
(Text: Zhang Hongjun)