Cao Yongchun, born in 1965, is a professor at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and a fruit tree expert. Graduated from China Agricultural University in 1990, engaged in fruit tree nutrition research in 1995, has been deep into the front line of agriculture, theory and practice, and established more than 1,200 high-quality and efficient demonstration parks in the north and south fruit areas of the country. He has published more than 20 papers, including "Cao Yong Chun Wu Guo Theory" and "Fruit Tree Nutrient Cycle".
The golden-veined moth is an insect of the family Lepidoptera. It is distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Anhui, Jiangsu and other provinces. Hosts are apples, sand fruits, begonias, mountain stators, hawthorns, pears, peaches, etc., thinking that the main harm to apple fruit trees, in recent years, there is a growing trend, can cause serious disasters, serious orchard damage rate of 100%, each leaf has an average of more than 4 insect spots, in late July the leaves are a large number of shedding.
<h1>1. Morphological characteristics of the golden-veined moth</h1>
1. Adults
Adults are about 2. 5mm, body golden yellow. The forewings are narrow and yellowish brown , with 3 white and brown radial stripes on the anterior and posterior margins of the wings. The hindwings are thinly pointed and have long marginal hairs.
Occurs 4 to 5 generations a year. It is a pupa that spends the winter in the fallen leaves of the victim. From March to April of the following year, the apple germination and blooming period is the feathering period of the overwintering adults. Adults like to fly around the trunk in the morning or evening, mating and egg-laying. Its spawning site is mostly concentrated on apple varieties that germinate early.
2. Eggs
Eggs are mostly laid under the villi on the back of young leaves, and the eggs are scattered in a single grain, with an egg period of 7 to 10 days, and most of them are 11 to 13 days. After hatching, the larvae burrow directly into the leaf from the bottom of the egg and eat the leaf flesh, resulting in only the epidermis left in the infested part of the leaf back, the epidermis on the back of the leaf bulging and shrinking, the appearance is vesicle-like, the vesicle is about the size of a soybean grain, the larvae lurk in it, and there is black feces in the victim part. After aging, it pupates within the worm spot. When adults feather, half of the pupal shell is exposed outside the epidermis and is easily recognizable.
<h1>2. Onset time</h1>
August is the worst time of the year, and if a leaf has 10 to 12 spots, the leaf will soon fall. The peak periods of each generation of adult insects are as follows: mid-to-late April during the wintering generation; early to mid-June of the first generation; mid-July of the second generation; mid-August of the third generation; and late September of the fourth generation. The occurrence of the golden-veined moth is closely related to the species and the microclimate of the tree.
Among the 8 cultivars that are more commonly cultivated, 4 varieties show high resistance to the golden moth, which are short-branched golden crown, red star, green banana and golden crown, while new red star, Fuji and Guoguang show high sensitivity, and Qin crown is between high sensitivity and high resistance. In terms of spatial distribution, the inner chamber is significantly higher than the periphery, and the northern canopy is higher than the southern canopy.
<h1>Third, prevention and control methods</h1>
1. Strict clearance of the garden
Sweeping away fallen leaves in winter and spring, burning or burying deeply, is the key measure for prevention and control. Where it is thoroughly swept away, it occurs very lightly the following year.
2. Detection of lures
The method is to tie the gold-veined moth-like enticing core with a thin wire and hang it on a tree, with a height of more than 1.3 to 1.5 meters. Core jacket 1 glass can bottle, bottle filled with water, add a small amount of washing powder, liquid level is about 1 cm from the core. The control area of each tank is about 667 square meters. Check the number of moths every other day, record, and fish out dead moths. In case of rain, pour out excess water in time; replenish the liquid level when drying, and make up for more water in time, and induce the core to update 1 per month. Moths are sprayed for control 7 days after peaking.
3. Pharmaceutical prevention and control
Orchards with serious diseases should focus on the prevention and control of first- and second-generation larvae. The agent can choose to spray 5% urea urea No. 3 (urea urea) suspension 1500 to 2000 times liquid, or 20% urea urea 1 (insecticidal urea) suspension 3000 to 6000 times liquid, or 20% fluoroprid urea suspension 4000 to 8000 times liquid, the effect is very good. Imported drugs 5% inhibition Taibao emulsion 2000 ~ 3000 times liquid, or 10% more Noble suspension 2000 ~ 3000 times liquid.
It can also be sprayed with 28% thiocyanide emulsion cavity slip 500 to 2000 times liquid, or 2.5% kung fu permethrin emulsion 1500 to 2000 times liquid, or 50% boricidal sulfur phosphorus emulsion 1000 to 1500 times liquid, or 40% water amine thiophos emulsion 1000 to 1500 times liquid, or 50% methamidophos emulsion 1000 to 1500 times liquid, or 30% peach spirit emulsion 1000 to 1500 times liquid, or 30% mothic net emulsion 600 to 1400 times liquid, or Fu Will (10.5% methyl vitamins). Flulingurea) water dispersible granules 2000 ~ 2500 times liquid spray.