People who like to play are different, like the above play to the reason is also different, some people like to play in order to strengthen the body, self-cultivation, temper the will, some people like to play in order to preserve value, value-added, some people like to play in order to pursue the trend, the pursuit of fashion, some people like to play simple is to like, no matter what the reason, from which to find happiness is good. However, not all literary play is suitable for everyone to play, for example, there is a saying in the literary play that "one red, two black, three white", and many others are not allowed to be touched by law.
The first crane top red:
This object is not common, but the Chinese hundreds of years ago is not unfamiliar, and in the historical records, Heng is called "Crane Peak", which is actually the head part of a bird that is endangered. This bird is now mostly called the helmeted hornbill, which belongs to the Buddhist monk order, the hornbill family. Originally classified as the helmeted hornbill genus, recent scholars have mostly advocated and attributed to the horned hornbill genus, the main body hair is dark brown, the wing tips and tail feathers are white, and there are black broad stripes. The skin of the male bird's head and neck is bare and red. The middle and posterior part of the head is bright red in appearance, and the front and beak are yellow. The mother bird has a pale blue neck and a smaller head and a lighter color. It is the largest of all birds in the family Hornbillaceae , with males about 125 cm from the tip of their beak to the end of their tails , and two central slender tail feathers up to fifty cm long ; the female is slightly smaller and has no long tail feathers. It is found in low-altitude forests below 1,500 meters in southern Myanmar, southern Thailand, the Malay Peninsula, Borneo and Sumatra.
Usually lived in pairs or in small groups, the reproductive characteristics are like most hornbill birds, nesting in tree holes, the female lays eggs in it, the male seals the opening with mud, leaving only a small hole to feed from the outside, and the chicks hatch until the feathers are nearly full, and the mother bird breaks the hole and flies out. The diet is omnivorous, and the diet includes fruits, insects, lizards, and small snakes.
The helmeted hornbill is a first-class protected species of the Washington Convention (CITES) (extremely endangered, prohibiting its international trade), belongs to the national second-class protected animal, because of the solid and beautiful texture of the head, it was hunted and made into handicrafts, and was introduced to China in the form of tribute and trade, named Heding. Heding entered China in the Yuan Dynasty, but it is widely known as zheng he after he went to the West. Because most of the producing countries think that they are tributes, the allusion system is not only issued under the tribute countries, but also stipulates the official return price. Chaogui is mostly used to make cups, belts, etc. to enjoy the game. At present, China's laws have clear provisions and requirements for such items to prohibit the trading and sale of commercial substances.
Alternatives: beeswax, amber
The color of the wax is similar to the color of the head of the crane-top red (helmeted hornbilly). Amber and beeswax are also a popular kind of literary play now, the texture is delicate, the tentacles are warm, and the market and literary play enthusiasts have not reduced their popularity.
Second ivory:
Historical records show that elephants have long been friends with humans and can help humans. Elephants are very clever, able to open up fields and bury their dead companions in dead leaves and branches. Elephants have a long lifespan, generally living to about 70 years old, and they are sexually mature from 10 to 15 years old, with a gestation period of up to 22 months. Elephants are so widespread that about 40 million years ago, they had their footprints on every continent except Oceania and Antarctica, but now there are two main categories: Asian and African elephants.
Ivory is a white hard object. The main ingredient is dentin, which is similar to the composition of bone. In a narrow sense, it is the fangs of male Asian elephants, African elephants, and mammoths.
Ivory products refer to crafts made from ivory. Ivory products, as a collectible, are different from gold, silver and other property, and there is no uniform price standard. The ivory in ivory products refers to the two large teeth of the elephant's mouth, which are generally pale yellow, not very hard (about quite a variety of mahogany), and have a good luster.
Modern ivory products are generally concentrated in two aspects, one is the fine works of pure art, such as exquisite carving, creative shape, beautiful and realistic works in terms of structure, and the other is that the theme has auspicious and satisfactory fine products, auctions and high-priced ivory products that can be sold in the market, most of which belong to antique ivory, and the number of entrants to the market is very small, so it is difficult for general literary players to buy.
Ivory carving is an ancient folk craft, and the level of ivory carving in the Shang Dynasty was already very high, mainly making chopsticks, cups and so on. During the Spring and Autumn Period, in addition to making daily necessities, ivory was also used as a sword scabbard. By the Tang Dynasty, the hollow carving of ivory had reached a very high level. In the Yuan Dynasty, ivory carving and products were specially set up in the imperial palace. In the 17th century, China's ivory carving skills were very deep, and several layers of hollowed out carvings could be carved. In the 19th century, Chinese ivory carvings had an industrial scale and were exported in large quantities. The carvings include animals, figures, buildings, street scenes, landscapes, etc. In the 20th century, the number of ivory carvings decreased, and more were used to make practical small objects such as mirror frames, mahjong tiles, dice, hand-held handles, clothing buttons, etc.
To protect elephants from being killed, plenipotentiaries from 21 countries were appointed in Washington in 1973 to sign the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, which severely restricts the ivory trade, to which China acceded to in 1981.
Alternative: Ivory fruit
Ivory fruit, also known as ivory coconut, grows mainly in a fruit called tagua coconut tree near the equator in South America. The tree grows very slowly, taking about 15 years to produce fiber, and the fruit takes 3 to 8 years to fully mature.
Ivory fruit and ivory color, hardness density, texture are very close, one is a plant and the other is an animal, from the price is much cheaper than ivory.
The third rhino horn:
Rhinoceros: Is a general term for mammals and rhinoceros families, with 4 genera and 5 species. It is the world's largest chick-hoofed animal, rhinoceros with short legs, clumsy body fat, 2.2-4.5 meters long, shoulder height 1.2-2 meters, and weight 2800-3000 kg. The front and back limbs are three toes; the skin is thick and rough, and arranged in folds at the shoulder and waist, etc., the hair is sparse and hard, or even most of it is hairless; the ears are oval, the head is large and long, the neck is short and thick, and the long lip is extended and extended; the head has a solid single horn or double horn (some females have no horns), originating from the leather, and the horns can still be revived; there are no canine teeth; the tail is slender and short, and the body is yellowish brown, brown, black or gray.
Its natural habitat is lowland or high ground above sea level of more than 2000 meters. Nocturnal activities, living alone or in small groups. The living area is never separated from the water source. Food habits vary depending on the species, mainly grasses, or leaves, young branches, wild fruits, lichens, etc. as food. The gestation period of the female animal is 18-19 months. Lifespan 30-50 years. It is heavily captured for its decorative and medicinal value, and is endangered except for the white rhinoceros. It is found in southern Asia, Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
Rhino horn, or rhino horn, is the horn of the rhinoceros family, such as white rhinoceros, black rhinoceros, Indian rhinoceros, Javan rhinoceros, Sumatran rhinoceros and so on. Depending on the species, the number of horns varies. The African white rhino and black rhinos have two horns, while in Asia only the Sumatara rhino has two horns, and the remaining two breeds have only one horn. Rhino horn grows out of the skin and has a hard texture, which can grow up to 7.6 cm per year.
In 1993, the Chinese government issued a ban on the use of rhino horn. Although there are no more wild rhinos in China (the last rhino in China was extinct in 1922 due to human hunting), no rhino species are listed as nationally protected animals. But as a member of the International Wild Trade Convention, China has consistently supported a ban on any rhino product trade.
Substitute: Brown-red perperium Blood pool (belongs to the amber class)
Blood persper, one of the colors of amber, is red or deep red, such as the color of wine. It is understood that there are not many places where blood persper is produced, the main production area is Myanmar, and the more famous blood periphery is produced on the Baltic Sea coast, Mexico and Indonesia.
Similar in color to rhino horn, it also has a high collection value, in addition to good appearance, the rarity of the number has also achieved its current status. The charm of the decoration made of blood periphery has greatly increased, and the price will also rise, which is a good product to wear, gift and collect, which can protect themselves and their families with peace, auspiciousness, health and happiness.
The fourth type of tortoiseshell:
Hawksbill turtles are reptiles, marine animals of the family Turtle family. It is generally about 0.6 meters long, and the larger ones can reach 1.6 meters. There are two pairs of forehead scales on the top of the head, the snout is flattened, the front of the palate is hooked in the shape of an eagle's beak, the forehead scales are 2 pairs, and the dorsal armor shield is arranged in a tile-like arrangement; the plates on the back are arranged in a tile-like arrangement, with a smooth surface with brown and pale yellow patterns. The limbs are flipper-footed. The forelimbs have 2 claws. The tail is short and usually does not expose the outer nail.
The main living areas are shallow lagoons and coral reef areas, where many caves and deep valleys provide a place to rest, and the main food of the tortoiseshell is also lived in the coral reef - sponge. Tortoiseshell is the only turtle that can digest glass. Tortoiseshells also eat invertebrates such as jellyfish, sea anemones, shrimp and crabs and shellfish, as well as fish and seaweed.
Tortoiseshell hornboard has a high commercial value can be made of spectacle frames or ornaments, playware. It is distributed in a vast sea area. But overfishing has made hawksbill turtles endangered and nearly extinct off the coast of China. There is no killing without buying and selling, and everyone should resist tortoiseshell and other turtle products.
In the late twentieth century, governments also made increasing efforts to protect hawksbill turtles, such as the introduction of temporary or permanent laws and regulations and the establishment of sea turtle nature reserves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has listed hawksbill turtles as endangered since 1970, and the U.S. government has implemented several restoration programs in appropriate locations to protect local hawksbill populations. Hawksbill turtles are included in the List of National Key Protected Wild Animals of the Second Level in China, and the Huidong Port Sea Turtle Nature Reserve for the protection of sea turtles and other species such as hawksbill turtles and green turtles has been established in Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, and is protected by the Wildlife Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, which was adopted by the Fourth Session of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress on November 8, 1988 and implemented on March 1, 1989.
Noh substitute: Amber
Tortoiseshell color is brown total color and pale yellow pattern, now we say tortoiseshell color is actually similar pattern color, a bit like leopard print feeling, and amber color is close, tortoiseshell and amber belong to organic gemstones, from the price of amber is much cheaper than tortoiseshell, and there is no legal restriction, can be reasonably and legally traded.
The fourth antelope horn:
Antelope, a type of mammal, is similar in shape to goats, generally referring to the Saiga antelope produced in Xinjiang, both male and female have horns, grayish yellow hair, brownish gray stripes on the face, slender limbs, fast running, and thirst-resistant. The horns are white or yellowish white, slightly arched, and the lower section is hollow, which can be used for medicine.
Herbivores, a group of people in the bovine family. There are many kinds, beautiful and light, slender limbs, small and pointed hooves, alert. Some species have horns for both females and males, and some species have horns only for males. Tail length varies. Height 60 to 90 cm, often 5 to 10 groups, some groups can be as many as hundreds. It generally lives in grasslands, wildernesses or deserts, and some inhabit mountainous areas. Produced in China, there are hartebeest, goose-throated antelope, Tibetan antelope and impala.
The Tibetan antelope is an endemic animal of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, a national first-level protected animal, and an endangered animal listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, which strictly prohibits trade activities.
Substitute: White Bodhi Root (aka Bodhi Root)
Bodhi root belongs to a type of Bodhi seed, which is not a tree root, but the seed of bay leaf palm, a plant of the palm family Bay leaf palm family. The surface of the bodhi root is rough and accompanied by a pattern, and the inside is white, similar to the color of ivory. If the bodhi root is burned, there will be a fragrance of the plant. After a long period of play, the bodhi root will turn yellow-brown and a broken texture will appear on the surface.
Bodhi root is divided into white bodhi root and black bodhi root, its production is large, the price is not high, so it is relatively rare to cheat in the market. And because of the low price and small appreciation space, it is suitable for beginners to play with the practice.
The fifth type of brick:
Pyridoxine: Is a marine animal of the phylum Bivalves. There are 1 family, 2 genera and 9 species, which is the largest bivalve shellfish in the ocean, known as the "shell king", with a maximum body length of more than 1 meter and a weight of more than 300 kg. The shell is thick and thick, the shell edge is like a tooth, the two shells are of the same size, and the inner shell is white and smooth, white as jade. The external ligament usually has a large filament hole in the foot. The hinged part has one main tooth and 1 to 2 posterior lateral teeth. The coat marks are intact, the anterior occlusal muscle disappears, and the posterior occlusal muscle is near the center.
It is all tropical and usually lives on coral reefs with its feet attached to it. It is the largest shellfish of the bivalves, with large shells up to 1 meter long. There is a large number of zooxanthellae in the mantle membrane, and with the help of vitreous light in the membrane, the zooxanthellae multiply in large quantities and as their own nutrients, and the two form a special relationship of mutual benefit and symbiosis.
It is mainly distributed in the Indian Ocean and The Pacific Ocean. There are 6 species in China, distributed in Taiwan and the South China Sea.
It is a protected marine organism at the national level and is prohibited from being bought and sold.
All species are listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2013.
All species are listed as Protected Animals under the Washington Convention Level 2.
The list of aquatic wildlife under key protection in China also lists the Ku's shellfish as a first-class national protected marine organism.
Can be substituted: jade stone
The production of jade stone requires certain conditions. One is to have enough time to precipitate. The second is the surrounding environment, such as burying in the sand, minerals in the surrounding sea, etc.
After time of polishing and precipitation, Yuhua Brick has the same warm characteristics as jade, crystal clear texture, and the use and transaction does not violate the law, more and more by the literary play enthusiasts to understand, recognize the value of Jade Stone.
Sixth red coral:
Red corals live in groups, with individuals generally 0.5 mm to 2 cm in diameter, each with 8 pinnate tentacles. The diaphragm is not paired, the diaphragm muscle grows towards the abdomen, and the diaphragm filament is monophyllic. There is only one orthrozoic groove, located on the ventral surface. Bones are mostly in the body, or occur in the body and then extend to the surface of the body. It has a calcareous axial bone, which is tree-like branching, but not on a flat surface, and the bones are pale pink to dark red. In addition to the axial bone, there are calcareous bone needles distributed in the mesocoaguloid layer, often living with reef-building corals. The bones are dense and brightly colored, often used as gemstones or carving materials, and grown in tropical and subtropical regions with temperatures above 20 °C in and around the equator.
Red corals are hydra-type herd animals, individual corals that live in groups. The bones of red corals are dendritic complexes. Each branch center has a skeletal axis, the soft body surrounds the bone, and many polyps grow around the axis. These columnar shafts are up to 20 cm high and 3 cm in diameter. The soft bodies of red polyps are mesocoagullin and endodermal layers, and ectodermal two layers of cells. Red corals secrete bones through the ectoderm – red corals. Rigid colonies grow in all directions on the basal column, creating a hairy shape. The branches are distributed with hemispherical short calyxes, and the polyps extended by the base are white and transparent, with eight small pinnae with good antennae. Once the coral is touched, the polyps are recovered inside the cup. The cylindrical branches are covered with calcareous bone needles and bone pieces, radially symmetrical, and the warts are short rod-like. The color is usually dark red.
Red coral is an organic gemstone with a pleasant color and lustrous texture, and grows in the deep sea 100 to 2000 meters away from humans. Listed alongside pearls and amber as the three major organic gemstones, it is also listed as one of the Seven Treasures in the Oriental Buddhist Scriptures, and has been regarded as a rich and auspicious thing since ancient times.
Natural red corals are formed by the accumulation of corals, which grow very slowly and are non-renewable, while red corals only grow in a few straits (Taiwan Strait, Japan Strait, Baltic Strait, Mediterranean Sea), which are limited by the sea, so red corals are extremely precious.
It is not currently listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Washington Convention CITES Protected Animals Appendix Level III.
Listed in Wildlife Species Trade 2005 Grade II.
Listed in the "List of Wild Animals under National Key Protection in China" at the first level.
Due to the slow growth of red corals, people overfish and harvest, red corals are close to endangerment.
Alternative: Southern Red Onyx
Southern red agate has the warmth and luster of jade, as well as its own unique gum texture, the price is much lower than that of red coral, and it is also a popular variety in the play.
Others are also contraband, such as bear paws, tiger bones, sperm whale teeth, sea willows, etc., suggesting that it is best not to touch, buy, or trade these contrabands. The purpose of playing is to let people cultivate their self-cultivation and strengthen their health, do not always pursue their own greed, the pursuit of value to let themselves touch the law, light fines, heavy jail disasters. To protect animals and plants, the earth's home starts from each and every one of us.