Picture said: "Jianghai 21" Chinese river crab Interview subject courtesy of the photo (the same below)
If you describe a delicacy as "chelated tender jade double full, shell convex red fat lumps of incense", I believe you can guess that it is crab. In recent years, when buying crabs, have you still been obsessed with the brand, and have you ever tasted the "crab general" from Shanghai?
In recent years, aquaculture experts have studied the selection and breeding of new species of Chinese river crab, so that Shanghai can also produce high-quality clean water hairy crabs. At yesterday's Shanghai Science and Technology Awards Conference, the project of "Breeding of New Varieties of Chinese River Crab and Integrated Innovation of Key Technologies in the Industry" declared by Shanghai Ocean University won the first prize of Shanghai Science and Technology Progress Award.
Pictured: Chinese river crab "Jianghai 21" scientific and technological achievements transformation signing ceremony
"Big Long Legs" landed on the beach
Chinese river crab is commonly known as river crab and hairy crab. According to Wang Chenghui, a professor at Shanghai Ocean University and the leader of the project "Breeding of New Varieties of Chinese River Crab and Integrated Innovation of Key Technologies in the Industry", the Shanghai river crab industry has been in the embarrassing situation of "seed source and no good species". The quality, yield and selling price of Shanghai crab species are relatively low. More importantly, Shanghai large-scale adult crab farming has always been a short board, such as the commercial crab farmed in Chongming, its size is small, the body color is black, known as "black crab".
With the rapid development of river crab farming, there has been a great exchange and mixing of seed species of river crabs in different water systems. Germplasm problems have become the most important "bottleneck" restricting the sustainable development of the river crab industry in Shanghai and the whole country. Focusing on the two core issues of "species" and "breeding" of the river crab industry, Wang Chenghui, after more than ten years of painstaking research, broke through the five key technologies of brood crab breeding, crab breeding, adult crab breeding, feed research and development and crab product processing, and selected and bred a new national-level new species of Chinese river crab - "Jianghai 21", which greatly changed the embarrassing situation of the seed source of river crabs in Shanghai.
The new river crab species named "Jianghai 21" not only has the characteristics of fast growth, large size and high yield, but also has the characteristics of long steps and high appearance, and enjoys the reputation of "big long legs" in the river crab breeding industry. More importantly, its taste is not worse than that of hairy crabs from outside.
The reporter learned that "Jianghai 21" is also the second national aquatic product new variety with Shanghai's completely independent intellectual property rights after the selection and breeding of Tuantou bream "Pujiang No. 1" in 2000, which has been transformed and applied in many units.
"Good seeds + good methods" have created a situation of producing high-quality crabs
Wang Chenghui said that in China's river crab industry, seedlings basically come from artificial seedling production. However, in artificial seedlings, there is a very serious phenomenon is the application of small-sized pro-crabs, resulting in the degradation of the traits of the grown-out river crabs, the small size, and the decline in breeding efficiency, which affects the sustainable development of the river crab industry.
The project team led by him has carried out river crab breeding work since 2004, using breeding parents as materials, in-depth study of the breeding technology of large-size crab broodstock, breaking through the technical bottlenecks such as difficulty in holding eggs of large-size crabs, high mortality rate of parents, and low yield of seedlings, and establishing the large-scale pond ecological seedling effect of factory and pond ecological breeding technology systems such as large-scale crab overwintering fattening technology, parent mating technology, egg hatching technology, and juvenile breeding technology, and guiding the development of river crab seedlings to large-sized parents. The patented technology of ecological seedling breeding method of large-scale Chinese river crab pond has been transformed and applied in Sheyang County, Jiangsu Province, the largest river crab breeding area in China.
The "big long legs" and the "hugging group" of scientific breeding technology have created a situation in which Shanghai can also produce high-quality clearwater hairy crabs. "Good seeds" and "good methods" have been applied in Shanghai and other parts of the country. "Jianghai 21" has been cultivated in 16 provinces and municipalities including Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Ningxia and Xinjiang, with a total breeding area of more than 1.2 million mu. Shanghai large-sized river crab growing technology is exported to Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan, Zhejiang and other traditional crab-raising provinces and Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and other emerging crab farming areas, creating a history of raising large-sized river crabs in the southernmost part of Mainland China, breaking the traditional concept that high-quality crabs cannot be raised south of 28 degrees north latitude.
Over the past decade, the project team has collected nearly 300 samples and traveled through the main water systems from south to north, east Asian, European and North American river species of river crab germplasm resource groups, covering the guangxi southwest liujiang river, guangdong pearl river, Fujian Minjiang river, Zhejiang Oujiang river, Anhui to Shanghai Yangtze River, Shandong Yellow River, Liaoning Liaohe, Jilin Tumen river and other domestic water systems; Japan's Hokkaido, Kagoshima and Russia's Vladivostok and other East Asian waters; Germany's Elbe River, The Netherlands Rhine River, the United Kingdom's Thames River european waters ; North American waters of San Francisco Bay, USA. At the same time, the germplasm resources of large size, long foot length and frontal teeth in the national river crab competition were also collected. The phenotypic traits and genetic characteristics of these resource groups were measured and analyzed, and the most representative chinese velvet crab germplasm database was established.
Xinmin Evening News reporter Gao Yang correspondent Cai Xia