The Syr Darya River is an inland river in central Asia that originates in the Tian shan mountains of China and flows through uzbekistan, Tajik and Kazakhstan. Formed by the confluence of the Naren and Kara rivers in the eastern part of the Fergana Basin, it flows into the Aral Sea.
With the Naren River as its headwaters, the Syr Darya River is 3,019 km long, making it the longest river in Central Asia, with a basin area of about 219,000 square kilometers.
The main tributaries of the Syr Darya river are the Ahangaran, Chilchik, Kres and Aresi rivers. The Syr Darya Basin is well-fed with irrigation agriculture and is an important cotton and rice producing region in the world.
The Syr darlings are rich in hydropower resources and have hydroelectric power stations. Parts of the river are navigable and have a 4-month ice period. The Syr Darya Runoff formation comes mainly from snow water replenishment, with a few glacial and rainwater replenishment.
The Syr Darya River, known in ancient Chinese history books, is called "Medicine Killing Water" and "Zhenzhu River".
The Amu Darya River originates from the alpine glacier at an altitude of 4900 meters in the southeast of the Pamir Plateau, and is the largest inland river in Central Asia, known as Wuhu Water and Fei Shui in the Tang Dynasty, called the Dark Ben River in the Yuan Dynasty, and called the Amu River in the Ming Dynasty.
It is customary to take the confluence of the Wahesh and Puchi rivers as its starting point, reaching the southern shore of the Aral Sea for 1415 kilometers, and if you count from the source of the East Pamir River, the Amu Darya River is 2540 kilometers long, with a basin area of 465,000 square kilometers, mainly supplemented by alpine glaciers and meltwater.
The Amu Darya River has a large sand content and abundant hydraulic resources, which can be navigable and irrigated. The Amu Darya River has also flown into the Caspian Sea many times in history.
With a total length of 921 kilometers and a basin area of 113,500 square kilometers, the Puchi River is the largest tributary of the Amu Darya River, and there is a large island called Urta Tugai in the river, which is 50 kilometers long and about 15 kilometers wide, and the island is full of reeds. The Wakhsh River, another tributary of the Amu Darya River, is 524 km long and has a basin area of 3.91 km².
The plains along the Amu Darya River and the vast estuarine delta region are developed irrigated agricultural areas, with long river navigation and an important water transport channel in Central Asia, from chalmy below, with large boats available throughout the year.
The main recharge of the Amu Darya River comes from snow water, and rainwater recharge has little effect on the runoff of the river, and groundwater recharge occupies an important position in the basin.
During the Tang Dynasty, Chinese referred to the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers and the Zelafshan River basin as the "river region". Historically, this area has long been the place where Chinese ruled.
During the Qin and Han dynasties, the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers were inhabited by the ancient Chinese minorities of Wusun, Kangju, Dawan, Xiangcai, and Dayue, who were controlled by the Xiongnu. Emperor Wu of Han and Emperor Xuan of Han repeatedly used troops to defeat the Xiongnu and set up the Western Regions Capital Protectorate, and the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers were returned to the territory of the Han Dynasty.
In the early Sui and Tang dynasties, the Turkic minorities in ancient China were nomadic in this area, and during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang conquered the Western Turks, the western border of the Tang Dynasty reached the Caspian Sea, and the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers were then under the jurisdiction of the Tang Anxi Capital Protectorate. The protectorate of Ansi encompassed the five central Asian states, all of Afghanistan, all of Pakistan, eastern and southeastern Iran, and parts of Siberia, Russia.
At this time, the Syr Darya And Amu Darya rivers were the inland rivers of the Tang Dynasty! The Hezhong region is the territory of Datang.
After the Tang Dynasty, the Hezhong region was successively ruled by the Chinese minorities Ge Lulu, Tuqi Shi, the Black Khan Dynasty (founded by the Uighurs), the Western Liao (founded by the Khitans), and the Hua Thorn Zi Mo (established by the Turks).
After the rise of the Mongols, they conquered the Western Liao and Huazhizimo, and set up the Amu Darya Xing Zhongshu Province here, which came under the jurisdiction of the Chagatai Khanate.
After the division of the Chagatai Khanate, this area became the sphere of influence of the Qing Dynasty. After 1885, Central Asia was gradually invaded by Tsarist Russia, and after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the region became independent to this day.